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  • 1
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    Behavioral Evidence for the Differential Regulation of p-p38 MAPK and p-NF-κB in Rats with Trigeminal Neuropathic Pain
    SAGE Publications ; 2011
    In:  Molecular Pain Vol. 7 ( 2011-01-01), p. 1744-8069-7-57-
    Details
    In: Molecular Pain, SAGE Publications, Vol. 7 ( 2011-01-01), p. 1744-8069-7-57-
    Abstract: We investigated the differential regulation of p-p38 MAPK or p-NF- κB in male Sprague-Dawley rats with inferior alveolar nerve injury resulting from mal-positioned dental implants. For this purpose, we characterized the temporal expression of p-p38 MAPK or p-NF- κB in the medullary dorsal horn and examined changes in nociceptive behavior after a blockade of p-p38 MAPK or p-NF- κB pathways in rats with trigeminal neuropathic pain. Results: Under anesthesia, the left lower second molar was extracted and replaced with a mini dental implant to intentionally injure the inferior alveolar nerve. Western and immunofluorescence analysis revealed that p-p38 MAPK is upregulated in microglia following nerve injury and that this expression peaked on postoperative day (POD) 3 through 7. However, the activation of p-NF- κB in astrocyte peaked on POD 7 through 21. The intracisternal administration of SB203580 (1 or 10 μg), a p38 MAPK inhibitor, on POD 3 but not on POD 21 markedly inhibits mechanical allodynia and the p-p38 MAPK expression. However, the intracisternal administration of SN50 (0.2 or 2 ng), an NF- κB inhibitor, on POD 21 but not on POD 3 attenuates mechanical allodynia and p-NF- κB expression. Dexamethasone (25 mg/kg) decreases not only the activation of p38 MAPK but also that of NF- κB on POD 7. Conclusions: These results suggest that early expression of p-p38 MAPK in the microglia and late induction of p-NF- κB in astrocyte play an important role in trigeminal neuropathic pain and that a blockade of p-p38 MAPK at an early stage and p-NF- κB at a late stage might be a potential therapeutic strategy for treatment of trigeminal neuropathic pain.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 1744-8069 , 1744-8069
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.1186/1744-8069-7-57
    Language: English
    Publisher: SAGE Publications
    Publication Date: 2011
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 2174252-2
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  • 2
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    Fiber-reinforced epoxy composites exposed to high temperature environments. Part II: modeling mechanical property degradation
    SAGE Publications ; 2011
    In:  Journal of Composite Materials Vol. 45, No. 14 ( 2011-07), p. 1511-1521
    Details
    In: Journal of Composite Materials, SAGE Publications, Vol. 45, No. 14 ( 2011-07), p. 1511-1521
    Abstract: This article is part of a series on the thermo-mechanical responses of fiber-reinforced composites at elevated temperatures and it follows the first part containing experimental results. A flame-retardant system consisting of a cellulosic charring agent and an interactive intumescent additive (melamine phosphate) has been used in order to improve the post-fire mechanical performance of glass fiber-reinforced epoxy composites. The effect of one-sided radiant heat on the residual flexural stiffness of laminate coupons exposed to incident heat fluxes of 25 and 35 kW m -2 was investigated. The flame-retarded coupons retained a higher percentage of their original room temperature flexural modulus after heat exposure while the control specimens showed inferior material property retention over the same exposure periods. A heat transfer (thermal) model based on Henderson’s equation is used to predict the through thickness temperature profiles and subsequently the mass loss due to the resin matrix decomposition at elevated temperatures. The theoretical results from the heat transfer model are validated against experimentally obtained data and then coupled with a mechanics model that describes material property-temperature dependence in order to predict the residual flexural stiffness, after heat damage. The accuracy of the thermo-mechanical model was validated against the experimental data and a good agreement was observed.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 0021-9983 , 1530-793X
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.1177/0021998310385024
    Language: English
    Publisher: SAGE Publications
    Publication Date: 2011
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 160490-9
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 2081924-9
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  • 3
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    Differential Effect of 7,12-Dimethylbenz[a]anthracene on Human and Mouse CYP1B1 from Livers of Castrated Transgenic Mice
    SAGE Publications ; 2007
    In:  International Journal of Toxicology Vol. 26, No. 1 ( 2007-01), p. 71-80
    Details
    In: International Journal of Toxicology, SAGE Publications, Vol. 26, No. 1 ( 2007-01), p. 71-80
    Abstract: Humanized transgenic mice coexpressing tetracycline-controlled transactivator ( tTA) and human cytochrome P450 1B1 (CYP1B1) ( hCYP1B1) have been created by this group. The aims of this study was to determine if 7,12-dimethylbenz[a]anthracene (DMBA) functions as testosterone or doxycycline in its ability to induce or reduce expression of hCYP1B1 or endogenous mouse CYP1B1 (mCYP1B1). This was tested in the livers by treating castrated transgenic males and hCYP1B1/luciferase-transfected cells with DMBA. Herein, DMBA-treated group exhibited (i) gradual reduction of hCYP1B1 expression at the transcript, protein, and activity levels but gradually induced its transcript level during DMBA release; (ii) gradual reduction of hCYP1B1 at the transcript and protein levels, as in the case of doxycycline or testosterone; (iii) gradual induction of mCYP1B1 expression at the transcript and protein levels but gradually reduced its transcript level during DMBA release. In parallel, DMBA-treated transfected cells exhibited gradual increase in luciferase activity in a time- and dose-dependent manner. Thus, castrated transgenic males or in vitro system could be useful as models for the detection of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) or environmental toxicants by measuring either hCYP1B1 or mCYP1B1 expressions.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 1091-5818 , 1092-874X
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.1080/10915810601120640
    Language: English
    Publisher: SAGE Publications
    Publication Date: 2007
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 1500682-7
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  • 4
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    Factors in Tissue Handling and Processing That Impact RNA Obtained From Formalin-fixed, Paraffin-embedded Tissue
    SAGE Publications ; 2008
    In:  Journal of Histochemistry & Cytochemistry Vol. 56, No. 11 ( 2008-11), p. 1033-1042
    Details
    In: Journal of Histochemistry & Cytochemistry, SAGE Publications, Vol. 56, No. 11 ( 2008-11), p. 1033-1042
    Abstract: Formalin-fixed, paraffin-embedded (FFPE) tissue is the most common specimen available for molecular assays on tissue after diagnostic histopathological examination. RNA from FFPE tissue suffers from strand breakage and cross-linking. Despite excellent extraction methods, RNA quality from FFPE material remains variable. To address the RNA quality factors within FFPE tissues, we studied RNA quality, isolating individual elements of the tissue fixation and processing including length of fixation in formalin and the type of buffer incorporated in the fixative. We examined the impact of the length of the tissue processing cycle as well. The optimal fixation period of 12-24 hr in phosphate-buffered formalin resulted in better-quality RNA. Longer tissue processing times were associated with higher quality RNA. We determined that the middle region of gene suffers less damage by these processes as shown by real-time quantitative RT-PCR. These data provide key information for the development of methods of analysis of gene expression in archival FFPE tissues and contribute to the establishment of objective standards for the processing and handling of tissue in surgical pathology. This manuscript contains online supplemental material at www.jhc.org . Please visit this article online to view these materials.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 0022-1554 , 1551-5044
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.1369/jhc.2008.951863
    Language: English
    Publisher: SAGE Publications
    Publication Date: 2008
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 1421306-0
    SSG: 12
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  • 5
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    Expression of Embryonic Lethal Abnormal Vision (ELAV)-Like Protein HuR and Cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2) in Ewing Sarcoma
    SAGE Publications ; 2008
    In:  Tumori Journal Vol. 94, No. 3 ( 2008-05), p. 347-350
    Details
    In: Tumori Journal, SAGE Publications, Vol. 94, No. 3 ( 2008-05), p. 347-350
    Abstract: HuR is a member of the family of ELAV (embryonic lethal abnormal vision)-like proteins that stabilize several cellular mRNAs by binding to AU-rich elements in the 3’ untranslated region of the mRNA. Cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2) is a well known enzyme that promotes tumor growth and metastasis. Recent studies have shown that HuR can stabilize the mRNA of COX-2, and cytoplasmic expression of HuR is associated with increased COX-2 expression in some cancers. The aim of this study was to investigate the correlation between COX-2 and HuR in Ewing sarcoma. Methods The expression patterns for HuR and COX-2 were assessed via immunochemical analysis of 70 Ewing sarcoma samples. Results Nuclear HuR expression was observed in 12 of 70 (17.1%) cases, but cytoplasmic expression was not observed. COX-2 expression was seen in 25 of 70 (35.7%) samples. Nuclear HuR and COX-2 were simultaneously expressed in 8 of 70 (11.4%) samples. The expression of nuclear HuR was significantly associated with COX-2 expression (P = 0.014). Neither HuR nor COX-2 expression showed a correlation with age or sex. Conclusions COX-2 expression in Ewing sarcoma may not be directly related to mRNA stabilization by HuR. However, a correlation between COX-2 expression and nuclear HuR expression through indirect mRNA stabilization can be suggested.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 0300-8916 , 2038-2529
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.1177/030089160809400310
    Language: English
    Publisher: SAGE Publications
    Publication Date: 2008
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 280962-X
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 2267832-3
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  • 6
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    Socioeconomic influence on orofacial cleft patient care
    SAGE Publications ; 2015
    In:  Scottish Medical Journal Vol. 60, No. 2 ( 2015-05), p. 70-74
    Details
    In: Scottish Medical Journal, SAGE Publications, Vol. 60, No. 2 ( 2015-05), p. 70-74
    Abstract: Cleft lip and palate is the most common craniofacial birth defect in the UK. Orofacial clefts have functional and aesthetic implications requiring intensive multi-disciplinary follow-up to optimise development. Failure to attend follow-up is likely to have a negative impact on patient outcomes. The aim of this retrospective audit is to establish if socioeconomic status influences attendance, DNA and cancellation rates in cleft patients. Methods and results A retrospective audit of 74 orofacial cleft patients born and operated on at the Royal Hospital for Sick Children Glasgow between 2006 and 2007. There was higher rate of DNA in more deprived social groups−21% (SIMD 1) against 10% (SIMD 5). A higher rate of DNA in cleft lip and palate patients was noted. This group of patients showed a marked difference in attendance between SIMD 1 (38%) and SIMD 5 (78%). Conclusion More deprived areas have a higher outpatient DNA rate for cleft patients resulting in suboptimal follow-up. Ultimately, causation of poorer outcomes in this group is likely to be multi-factorial but the financial implication of travelling to multiple clinics should be considered and it may be that resource reallocation is the answer to address the current inequality of health care provision.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 0036-9330 , 2045-6441
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.1177/0036933014564133
    Language: English
    Publisher: SAGE Publications
    Publication Date: 2015
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 2141765-9
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  • 7
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    Delayed Epidural Catheter Removal: The Impact of Postoperative Coagulopathy
    SAGE Publications ; 2004
    In:  Anaesthesia and Intensive Care Vol. 32, No. 5 ( 2004-10), p. 630-636
    Details
    In: Anaesthesia and Intensive Care, SAGE Publications, Vol. 32, No. 5 ( 2004-10), p. 630-636
    Abstract: A retrospective analysis of 413 patients who received postoperative epidural analgesia under a standardized protocol found that 84 (20%) had a duration of epidural catheterization of greater than four days. The most common reasons were significant pain (n=64, 15%) and coagulopathy (n=26, 6%). Risk factor analysis for coagulopathy showed an odds ratio of 10.1 (95% confidence interval 4.2-24.5) for prolonged epidural catheterization among patients undergoing hepatectomy. Magnetic resonance imaging, performed in four patients with clinical signs suggestive of epidural haematoma, was negative for a space-occupying lesion in all cases. Eleven patients developed fever and clinical signs suggestive of epidural catheter-related infection, necessitating early catheter removal. Sixteen patients had persistent lower limb weakness at 24 hours after catheter removal. The signs soon resolved in all except two, one of whom had neuropathy related to intraoperative positioning and the other preoperative weakness. Accidental epidural catheter dislodgement occurred in 29 patients (7%) and is potentially hazardous if coagulopathy is unresolved. The risk-benefit ratio and factors complicating catheter removal, especially coagulopathy, should be considered when deciding whether to use epidural techniques.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 0310-057X , 1448-0271
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.1177/0310057X0403200503
    Language: English
    Publisher: SAGE Publications
    Publication Date: 2004
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 2053705-0
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  • 8
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    Use of first- and second-generation antipsychotic medications in older patients with schizophrenia in Asia (2001–2009)
    SAGE Publications ; 2012
    In:  Australian & New Zealand Journal of Psychiatry Vol. 46, No. 12 ( 2012-12), p. 1159-1164
    Details
    In: Australian & New Zealand Journal of Psychiatry, SAGE Publications, Vol. 46, No. 12 ( 2012-12), p. 1159-1164
    Abstract: This study examined the prescribing patterns of several first- (FGAs) and second-generation antipsychotic (SGAs) medications administered to older Asian patients with schizophrenia during the period between 2001 and 2009. Method: Information on hospitalized patients with schizophrenia aged 65 or older was extracted from the database of the Research on Asian Psychotropic Prescription Patterns (REAP) study (2001–2009). There were no older patients in Thailand, therefore data on 467 patients in eight Asian countries and territories including China, Hong Kong SAR, India, Japan, Korea, Malaysia, Singapore, and Taiwan were analysed. Cross-sectional socio-demographic data, clinical characteristics and antipsychotic prescriptions were assessed using a standardized protocol and data collection procedure. Results: Of the 467 patients, 192 patients (41.1%) received FGAs only, 166 (35.5%) received SGAs only and 109 (23.3%) received a combination of FGAs and SGAs. Of the FGAs, haloperidol was the most commonly used (31.3%; mean 9.4 ± 6.7 mg/day), followed by chlorpromazine (15.4%; mean 126.4 ± 156.4 mg/day) and sulpiride (6.6%; mean 375.0 ± 287.0 mg/day). Of the SGAs, risperidone was the most commonly used (31.5%; mean 4.5 ± 2.7 mg/day), followed by olanzapine (13.1%; mean 13.6 ± 6.5 mg/day), quetiapine (7.3%; mean 325.0 ± 237.3 mg/day) and aripiprazole (1.9%; mean 17.6 ± 7.7 mg/day). Conclusions: FGAs and higher doses of certain SGAs (risperidone, olanzapine and quetiapine) were still commonly dispensed to older Asian patients with schizophrenia. Considering older patients’ reduced tolerability of potentially severe side effects associated with FGAs and higher doses of certain SGAs, continuing education and training addressing the rational use of antipsychotics in this population is clearly needed.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 0004-8674 , 1440-1614
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.1177/0004867412453625
    Language: English
    Publisher: SAGE Publications
    Publication Date: 2012
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 2003849-5
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  • 9
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    Multiplex Reverse Transcription-PCR for Rapid Differential Detection of Porcine Epidemic Diarrhea Virus, Transmissible Gastroenteritis Virus, and Porcine Group a Rotavirus
    SAGE Publications ; 2006
    In:  Journal of Veterinary Diagnostic Investigation Vol. 18, No. 3 ( 2006-05), p. 278-281
    Details
    In: Journal of Veterinary Diagnostic Investigation, SAGE Publications, Vol. 18, No. 3 ( 2006-05), p. 278-281
    Abstract: A novel multiplex reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction (multiplex RT-PCR) that can detect porcine epidemic diarrhea virus (PEDV), transmissible gastroenteritis virus (TGEV), and porcine group A rotavirus (GAR) was developed. The 3 viruses (PEDV, TGEV, and porcine GAR) are major agents in viral enteric diseases of piglets. As the clinical signs of these diseases are similar, including watery diarrhea, differential detection is required for etiologic diagnosis. A mixture of 3 pairs of published primers was used for amplification of viral nucleic acids, yielding 3 different amplicons with sizes of 859 bp, 651 bp, and 309 bp for TGEV, PEDV, and porcine GAR, respectively. A total of 157 specimens (78 fecal and 79 intestinal samples) from piglets with acute gastroenteritis were collected in Korea between January 2004 and May 2005. They were tested for the presence of 3 viruses by multiplex RT-PCR. Coinfections with PEDV and porcine GAR were identified in 16 farms (43.2%). PEDV, porcine GAR, and TGEV infection were 26.3%, 13.2%, and 2.7% respectively. The relative sensitivity and specificity of multiplex RT-PCR were evaluated, with results suggesting that this assay is equal in quality to conventional single-agent RT-PCR assays (sensitivity: 100%, 92.9%, 100% for TGEV, PEDV, GARs; specificity: 100% for all 3 viruses). This multiplex RT-PCR is a simple assay and may be a potentially useful for rapid, sensitive, and cost-effective etiological diagnostic tool for acute viral gastroenteritis in piglets.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 1040-6387 , 1943-4936
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.1177/104063870601800309
    Language: English
    Publisher: SAGE Publications
    Publication Date: 2006
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 2265211-5
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  • 10
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    Performance evaluation of cryogenically treated tungsten carbide cutting tool inserts
    SAGE Publications ; 2003
    In:  Proceedings of the Institution of Mechanical Engineers, Part B: Journal of Engineering Manufacture Vol. 217, No. 1 ( 2003-01-01), p. 29-43
    Details
    In: Proceedings of the Institution of Mechanical Engineers, Part B: Journal of Engineering Manufacture, SAGE Publications, Vol. 217, No. 1 ( 2003-01-01), p. 29-43
    Abstract: This paper presents an overview of the effects of various subzero thermal treatments on the tool life and wear characteristics of cobalt-bonded tungsten carbide cutting tool inserts. The inserts were subjected to six different conditions of treatment, namely (a) as-received, (b) quenching treatment, (c) cryogenic treatment, (d) cryogenic treatment followed by tempering, (e) cold treatment and (f) cold treatment followed by tempering. It was found that the inserts that had undergone the latter four conditions of treatment exhibited significantly greater tool life and wear resistance at higher cutting speeds, as well as an overall increased resistance to chipping. Microstructural analysis was used to explain the observed phenomena.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 0954-4054 , 2041-2975
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.1243/095440503762502260
    Language: English
    Publisher: SAGE Publications
    Publication Date: 2003
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 2032745-6
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