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  • 1
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    Online Resource
    A Novel Cross-Disciplinary Multi-Institute Approach to Translational Cancer Research: Lessons Learned from Pennsylvania Cancer Alliance Bioinformatics Consortium (PCABC)
    SAGE Publications ; 2007
    In:  Cancer Informatics Vol. 3 ( 2007-01), p. 117693510700300-
    Details
    In: Cancer Informatics, SAGE Publications, Vol. 3 ( 2007-01), p. 117693510700300-
    Abstract: The Pennsylvania Cancer Alliance Bioinformatics Consortium (PCABC, http://www.pcabc.upmc.edu ) is one of the first major project-based initiatives stemming from the Pennsylvania Cancer Alliance that was funded for four years by the Department of Health of the Commonwealth of Pennsylvania. The objective of this was to initiate a prototype biorepository and bioinformatics infrastructure with a robust data warehouse by developing a statewide data model (1) for bioinformatics and a repository of serum and tissue samples; (2) a data model for biomarker data storage; and (3) a public access website for disseminating research results and bioinformatics tools. The members of the Consortium cooperate closely, exploring the opportunity for sharing clinical, genomic and other bioinformatics data on patient samples in oncology, for the purpose of developing collaborative research programs across cancer research institutions in Pennsylvania. The Consortium's intention was to establish a virtual repository of many clinical specimens residing in various centers across the state, in order to make them available for research. One of our primary goals was to facilitate the identification of cancer-specific biomarkers and encourage collaborative research efforts among the participating centers. Methods The PCABC has developed unique partnerships so that every region of the state can effectively contribute and participate. It includes over 80 individuals from 14 organizations, and plans to expand to partners outside the State. This has created a network of researchers, clinicians, bioinformaticians, cancer registrars, program directors, and executives from academic and community health systems, as well as external corporate partners - all working together to accomplish a common mission. The various sub-committees have developed a common IRB protocol template, common data elements for standardizing data collections for three organ sites, intellectual property/tech transfer agreements, and material transfer agreements that have been approved by each of the member institutions. This was the foundational work that has led to the development of a centralized data warehouse that has met each of the institutions’ IRB/HIPAA standards. Results Currently, this “virtual biorepository” has over 58,000 annotated samples from 11,467 cancer patients available for research purposes. The clinical annotation of tissue samples is either done manually over the internet or semi-automated batch modes through mapping of local data elements with PCABC common data elements. The database currently holds information on 7188 cases (associated with 9278 specimens and 46,666 annotated blocks and blood samples) of prostate cancer, 2736 cases (associated with 3796 specimens and 9336 annotated blocks and blood samples) of breast cancer and 1543 cases (including 1334 specimens and 2671 annotated blocks and blood samples) of melanoma. These numbers continue to grow, and plans to integrate new tumor sites are in progress. Furthermore, the group has also developed a central web-based tool that allows investigators to share their translational (genomics/proteomics) experiment data on research evaluating potential biomarkers via a central location on the Consortium's web site. Conclusions The technological achievements and the statewide informatics infrastructure that have been established by the Consortium will enable robust and efficient studies of biomarkers and their relevance to the clinical course of cancer.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 1176-9351 , 1176-9351
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.1177/117693510700300002
    Language: English
    Publisher: SAGE Publications
    Publication Date: 2007
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 2202739-7
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  • 2
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    Material properties from small specimens using the punch and bulge test
    SAGE Publications ; 1999
    In:  The Journal of Strain Analysis for Engineering Design Vol. 34, No. 6 ( 1999-08-01), p. 423-436
    Details
    In: The Journal of Strain Analysis for Engineering Design, SAGE Publications, Vol. 34, No. 6 ( 1999-08-01), p. 423-436
    Abstract: The punch and bulge test provides a technique for the determination of material properties from small specimens. Although the test has been in use for a number of years, the behaviour of the specimen is not fully understood. A finite element analysis of the test has thus been undertaken and validated by comparison with results from experiments, giving good agreement for the punch force for two differing specimen materials. The finite element analysis has enabled punch force-displacement curves, von Mises stresses, equivalent plastic strains and vertical deflections for the upper and lower surfaces of the disc to be obtained. The finite element model has also been used to determine the relationship between the specimen yield stress and the punch force for elastic-perfectly plastic specimens. It is shown that a linear law applies over a 6:1 range of yield stresses and thus the punch and bulge test represents an effective method of yield stress measurement from small specimens. The effect of experimental artefacts on the punch force has been investigated through finite element analysis and physical experiment. The punch force is shown to be effectively insensitive to small uncertainties in the test fixture and experimental conditions. Yield stress results are thus not significantly influenced by experimental uncertainties.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 0309-3247 , 2041-3130
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.1243/0309324991513867
    Language: English
    Publisher: SAGE Publications
    Publication Date: 1999
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 2015328-4
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  • 3
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    Extended acclimatization is required to eliminate stress effects of periodic blood-sampling procedures on vasoactive hormones and blood volume in beagle dogs
    SAGE Publications ; 2002
    In:  Laboratory Animals Vol. 36, No. 4 ( 2002-10-01), p. 403-410
    Details
    In: Laboratory Animals, SAGE Publications, Vol. 36, No. 4 ( 2002-10-01), p. 403-410
    Abstract: Important in all experimental animal studies is the need to control stress stimuli associated with environmental change and experimental procedures. As the stress response involves alterations in levels of vasoactive hormones, ensuing changes in cardiovascular parameters may confound experimental outcomes. Accordingly, we evaluated the duration required for dogs ( n = 4) to acclimatize to frequent blood sampling that involved different procedures. On each sampling occasion during a 6-week period, dogs were removed from their pen to a laboratory area and blood was collected either by venepuncture (days 2, 15, 34, 41) for plasma renin activity (PRA), epinephrine (EPI), norepinephrine, aldosterone, insulin, and atrial natriuretic peptide, or by cannulation (dogs restrained in slings; days 1, 8, 14, 22, 30, 33, 37, 40) for determination of haematocrit (HCT) alone (days 1 to 22) or HCT with plasma volume (PV; days 30 to 40). PRA was higher on days 2 and 15 compared with days 34 and 41 and had decreased by up to 48% by the end of the study (day 41 vs day 15; mean/SEM: 1.18/0.27 vs 2.88/0.79 ng ANG I/ml/h, respectively). EPI showed a time-related decrease from days 2 to 34, during which mean values had decreased by 51% (mean/SEM: 279/29 vs 134/20.9 pg/ml for days 2 and 34, respectively), but appeared stable from then on. None of the other hormones showed any significant variability throughout the course of the study. HCT was relatively variable between days 1 to 22 but stabilized from day 30, after which all mean values were approximately 6% lower than those between days 1 and 8. We conclude that an acclimatization period of at least 4 weeks is required to eliminate stress-related effects in dogs associated with periodic blood sampling.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 0023-6772 , 1758-1117
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.1258/002367702320389062
    Language: English
    Publisher: SAGE Publications
    Publication Date: 2002
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 2036511-1
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  • 4
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    Online Resource
    Canadian Stroke Best Practice Recommendations for Acute Stroke Management: Prehospital, Emergency Department, and Acute Inpatient Stroke Care, 6th Edition, Update 2018
    SAGE Publications ; 2018
    In:  International Journal of Stroke Vol. 13, No. 9 ( 2018-12), p. 949-984
    Details
    In: International Journal of Stroke, SAGE Publications, Vol. 13, No. 9 ( 2018-12), p. 949-984
    Abstract: The 2018 update of the Canadian Stroke Best Practice Recommendations for Acute Stroke Management, 6th edition, is a comprehensive summary of current evidence-based recommendations, appropriate for use by healthcare providers and system planners caring for persons with very recent symptoms of acute stroke or transient ischemic attack. The recommendations are intended for use by a interdisciplinary team of clinicians across a wide range of settings and highlight key elements involved in prehospital and Emergency Department care, acute treatments for ischemic stroke, and acute inpatient care. The most notable changes included in this 6th edition are the renaming of the module and its integration of the formerly separate modules on prehospital and emergency care and acute inpatient stroke care. The new module, Acute Stroke Management: Prehospital, Emergency Department, and Acute Inpatient Stroke Care is now a single, comprehensive module addressing the most important aspects of acute stroke care delivery. Other notable changes include the removal of two sections related to the emergency management of intracerebral hemorrhage and subarachnoid hemorrhage. These topics are covered in a new, dedicated module, to be released later this year. The most significant recommendation updates are for neuroimaging; the extension of the time window for endovascular thrombectomy treatment out to 24 h; considerations for treating a highly selected group of people with stroke of unknown time of onset; and recommendations for dual antiplatelet therapy for a limited duration after acute minor ischemic stroke and transient ischemic attack. This module also emphasizes the need for increased public and healthcare provider’s recognition of the signs of stroke and immediate actions to take; the important expanding role of paramedics and all emergency medical services personnel; arriving at a stroke-enabled Emergency Department without delay; and launching local healthcare institution code stroke protocols. Revisions have also been made to the recommendations for the triage and assessment of risk of recurrent stroke after transient ischemic attack/minor stroke and suggested urgency levels for investigations and initiation of management strategies. The goal of this updated guideline is to optimize stroke care across Canada, by reducing practice variations and reducing the gap between current knowledge and clinical practice.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 1747-4930 , 1747-4949
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.1177/1747493018786616
    Language: English
    Publisher: SAGE Publications
    Publication Date: 2018
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 2211666-7
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  • 5
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    Reviews: IMF Lending to Developing Countries: Issues and Evidence, Housing and the Environment: A New Agenda, a New Social Atlas of Britain, Cities of Pride: Rebuilding Community, Refocusing Government, Re-Presenting the City: Ethnicity, Capital and Culture in the 21st-Century Metropolis, Future Drive: Electric Vehicles and Sustainable Transportation, Homeworkers in Global Perspective: Invisible no More, Theories of the Information Society, Ethnicity: Geographic Perspectives on Ethnic Change in Modern Cities, Remapping Memory: The Politics of Timespace
    SAGE Publications ; 1997
    In:  Environment and Planning A: Economy and Space Vol. 29, No. 9 ( 1997-09), p. 1697-1710
    Details
    In: Environment and Planning A: Economy and Space, SAGE Publications, Vol. 29, No. 9 ( 1997-09), p. 1697-1710
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 0308-518X , 1472-3409
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.1068/a291697
    Language: English
    Publisher: SAGE Publications
    Publication Date: 1997
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 2039728-8
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 750312-X
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  • 6
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    Extending the Construct Network of Trait Disinhibition to the Neuroimaging Domain: Validation of a Bridging Scale for Use in the European IMAGEN Project
    SAGE Publications ; 2019
    In:  Assessment Vol. 26, No. 4 ( 2019-06), p. 567-581
    Details
    In: Assessment, SAGE Publications, Vol. 26, No. 4 ( 2019-06), p. 567-581
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 1073-1911 , 1552-3489
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.1177/1073191118759748
    Language: English
    Publisher: SAGE Publications
    Publication Date: 2019
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 2083220-5
    SSG: 5,2
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  • 7
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    The Intersection of Regional Anesthesia and Cancer Progression: A Theoretical Framework
    SAGE Publications ; 2020
    In:  Cancer Control Vol. 27, No. 1 ( 2020-01-01), p. 107327482096557-
    Details
    In: Cancer Control, SAGE Publications, Vol. 27, No. 1 ( 2020-01-01), p. 107327482096557-
    Abstract: The surgical stress and inflammatory response and volatile anesthetic agents have been shown to promote tumor metastasis in animal and in-vitro studies. Regional neuraxial anesthesia protects against these effects by decreasing the surgical stress and inflammatory response and associated changes in immune function in animals. However, evidence of a similar effect in humans remains equivocal due to the high variability and retrospective nature of clinical studies and difficulty in directly comparing regional versus general anesthesia in humans. We propose a theoretical framework to address the question of regional anesthesia as protective against metastasis. This theoretical construct views the immune system, circulating tumor cells, micrometastases, and inflammatory mediators as distinct populations in a highly connected system. In ecological theory, highly connected populations demonstrate more resilience to local perturbations but are prone to system-wide shifts compared with their poorly connected counterparts. Neuraxial anesthesia transforms the otherwise system-wide perturbations of the surgical stress and inflammatory response and volatile anesthesia into a comparatively local perturbation to which the system is more resilient. We propose this framework for experimental and mathematical models to help determine the impact of anesthetic choice on recurrence and metastasis and create therapeutic strategies to improve cancer outcomes after surgery.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 1073-2748 , 1073-2748
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.1177/1073274820965575
    Language: English
    Publisher: SAGE Publications
    Publication Date: 2020
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 2004182-2
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  • 8
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    Thin Chest Wall is an Independent Risk Factor for the Development of Pneumothorax after Chest Tube Removal
    SAGE Publications ; 2012
    In:  The American Surgeon Vol. 78, No. 4 ( 2012-04), p. 478-480
    Details
    In: The American Surgeon, SAGE Publications, Vol. 78, No. 4 ( 2012-04), p. 478-480
    Abstract: The factors contributing to the development of pneumothorax after removal of chest tube thoracostomy are not fully understood. We hypothesized that development of post pull pneumothorax (PPP) after chest tube removal would be significantly lower in those patients with thicker chest walls, due to the “protective” layer of adipose tissue. All patients on our trauma service who underwent chest tube thoracostomy from July 2010 to February 2011 were retrospectively reviewed. Patient age, mechanism of trauma, and chest Abbreviated Injury Scale score were analyzed. Thoracic CTs were reviewed to ascertain chest wall thickness (CW). Thickness was measured at the level of the nipple at the midaxillary line, as perpendicular distance between skin and pleural cavity. Chest X-ray reports from immediately prior and after chest tube removal were reviewed for interval development of PPP. Data are presented as average ± standard deviation. Ninety-one chest tubes were inserted into 81 patients. Patients who died before chest tube removal (n = 11), or those without thoracic CT scans (n = 13) were excluded. PPP occurred in 29.9 per cent of chest tube removals (20/67). When PPP was encountered, repeat chest tube was necessary in 20 per cent of cases (4/20). After univariate analysis, younger age, penetrating mechanism, and thin chest wall were found to be significant risk factors for development of PPP. Chest Abbreviated Injury Scale score was similar in both groups. Logistic regression showed only chest wall thickness to be an independent risk factor for development of PPP.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 0003-1348 , 1555-9823
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.1177/000313481207800441
    Language: English
    Publisher: SAGE Publications
    Publication Date: 2012
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  • 9
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    Finite Element Analysis of a Total Knee Replacement by Using Gauss Point Contact Constraints
    SAGE Publications ; 1996
    In:  Proceedings of the Institution of Mechanical Engineers, Part H: Journal of Engineering in Medicine Vol. 210, No. 1 ( 1996-03), p. 51-63
    Details
    In: Proceedings of the Institution of Mechanical Engineers, Part H: Journal of Engineering in Medicine, SAGE Publications, Vol. 210, No. 1 ( 1996-03), p. 51-63
    Abstract: Finite element methods have been applied extensively and with much success in the analysis of orthopaedic hip and knee implants. Very recently a burgeoning interest has developed, in the finite element community, in how numerical models can be constructed for the solution of problems in contact mechanics. New developments in this area are of paramount importance in the design of implants for orthopaedic surgery. Modern techniques are described for finite element contact analysis and applied to two problems of stress analysis in a plastic tibial component. In the former, results are compared with a previous finite element analysis and with Hertzian solutions. In the latter, an estimate of the extent of convergence of the finite element solutions is provided.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 0954-4119 , 2041-3033
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.1243/PIME_PROC_1996_210_390_02
    Language: English
    Publisher: SAGE Publications
    Publication Date: 1996
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 2032763-8
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  • 10
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    Meeting the Challenge of Low Emissions and Fuel Economy with the Ricardo Four-Valve High-Speed Direct Injection Engine
    SAGE Publications ; 1994
    In:  Proceedings of the Institution of Mechanical Engineers, Part D: Journal of Automobile Engineering Vol. 208, No. 3 ( 1994-07), p. 181-190
    Details
    In: Proceedings of the Institution of Mechanical Engineers, Part D: Journal of Automobile Engineering, SAGE Publications, Vol. 208, No. 3 ( 1994-07), p. 181-190
    Abstract: In order to investigate and demonstrate the potential of the high-speed direct injection (HSDI) diesel engine, Ricardo have undertaken a programme of research and analysis into the performance and emissions of a four-valve/cylinder combustion system. Analytical studies were based on a computational fluid dynamics investigation to model in-bowl events of fuel spray/air interactions and to improve understanding of the mixing processes. The major variables studied during the test programme included swirl ratio, combustion bowl geometry, nozzle configuration, contemporary and advanced electronic rotary fuel injection pumps and the effects of exhaust gas recirculation (EGR). A systematic optimization programme provided a fixed swirl configuration capable of achieving in excess of 15 bar b.m.e.p. (brake mean effective pressure) while providing less than 1.0 Bosch smoke unit. R49 EURO II NO x levels were met with competitive smoke, particulate emissions and fuel economy, demonstrating excellent potential for full EURO II compliance with further development. Vehicle emissions and fuel consumption simulations have shown that the combustion system has the potential to meet both the heavy and light duty emissions legislation planned for the 1990s.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 0954-4070 , 2041-2991
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.1243/PIME_PROC_1994_208_181_02
    RVK:
    ZO 4200
    Language: English
    Publisher: SAGE Publications
    Publication Date: 1994
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 2032754-7
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