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  • 1
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Assessing Theoretical Conclusions With Blinded Inference to Investigate a Potential Inference Crisis
    SAGE Publications ; 2019
    In:  Advances in Methods and Practices in Psychological Science Vol. 2, No. 4 ( 2019-12), p. 335-349
    Details
    In: Advances in Methods and Practices in Psychological Science, SAGE Publications, Vol. 2, No. 4 ( 2019-12), p. 335-349
    Abstract: Scientific advances across a range of disciplines hinge on the ability to make inferences about unobservable theoretical entities on the basis of empirical data patterns. Accurate inferences rely on both discovering valid, replicable data patterns and accurately interpreting those patterns in terms of their implications for theoretical constructs. The replication crisis in science has led to widespread efforts to improve the reliability of research findings, but comparatively little attention has been devoted to the validity of inferences based on those findings. Using an example from cognitive psychology, we demonstrate a blinded-inference paradigm for assessing the quality of theoretical inferences from data. Our results reveal substantial variability in experts’ judgments on the very same data, hinting at a possible inference crisis.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 2515-2459 , 2515-2467
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.1177/2515245919869583
    Language: English
    Publisher: SAGE Publications
    Publication Date: 2019
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 2904847-3
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  • 2
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Five-Year Outcomes After Implementing a Pain, Agitation, and Delirium Protocol in a Mixed Intensive Care Unit
    SAGE Publications ; 2022
    In:  Journal of Intensive Care Medicine Vol. 37, No. 8 ( 2022-08), p. 1060-1066
    Details
    In: Journal of Intensive Care Medicine, SAGE Publications, Vol. 37, No. 8 ( 2022-08), p. 1060-1066
    Abstract: Objective: Assess for continued improvements in patient outcomes after updating our institutional sedation and analgesia protocol to include recommendations from the 2013 Society of Critical Care Medicine (SCCM) Pain, Agitation, and Delirium (PAD) guidelines. Methods: Retrospective before-and-after study in a mixed medical/surgical intensive care unit (ICU) at an academic medical center. Mechanically ventilated adults admitted from September 1, 2011 through August 31, 2012 (pre-implementation) and October 1, 2012 through September 30, 2017 (post-implementation) were included. Measurements included number of mechanically ventilated patients, APACHE IV scores, age, type of patient (medical or surgical), admission diagnosis, ICU length of stay (LOS), hospital LOS, ventilator days, number of self-extubations, ICU mortality, ICU standardized mortality ratio, hospital mortality, hospital standardized mortality ratio, medication data including as needed (PRN) analgesic and sedative use, and analgesic and sedative infusions, and institutional savings. Results: Ventilator days (Pre-PAD = 4.0 vs. Year 5 post = 3.2, P  〈  .0001), ICU LOS (Pre-PAD = 4.8 days vs. Year 5 post = 4.1 days, P = .0004) and hospital LOS (Pre-PAD = 14 days vs. Year 5 post = 12 days, P  〈  .0001) decreased after protocol implementation. Hospital standardized mortality ratio (Pre-PAD = 0.69 vs. Year 5 post = 0.66) remained constant; while, APACHE IV scores (Pre-PAD = 77 vs. Year 5 post = 89, P  〈  .0001) and number of intubated patients (Pre-PAD = 1146 vs. Year 5 post = 1468) increased over the study period. Using the decreased ICU and hospital LOS estimates, it is projected the institution saved $4.3 million over the 5 years since implementation. Conclusions: Implementation of an updated PAD protocol in a mixed medical/surgical ICU was associated with a significant decrease in ventilator time, ICU LOS, and hospital LOS without a change in the standardized mortality ratio over a five-year period. These favorable outcomes are associated with a significant cost savings for the institution.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 0885-0666 , 1525-1489
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.1177/08850666211063404
    Language: English
    Publisher: SAGE Publications
    Publication Date: 2022
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 2001472-7
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  • 3
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Evaluation of a Multidisciplinary Pain, Agitation, and Delirium Guideline in Mechanically Ventilated Critically Ill Adults
    SAGE Publications ; 2019
    In:  Hospital Pharmacy Vol. 54, No. 2 ( 2019-04), p. 119-124
    Details
    In: Hospital Pharmacy, SAGE Publications, Vol. 54, No. 2 ( 2019-04), p. 119-124
    Abstract: Background: A multidisciplinary team updated an institution-specific pain, agitation, and delirium (PAD) guideline based on the recommendations from the Society of Critical Care Medicine (SCCM) PAD guidelines. This institution-specific guideline emphasized protocolized sedation with increased as needed boluses, and nonbenzodiazepine infusions, daily sedation interruption, and pairing of spontaneous awakening (SAT) and breathing trials (SBT). Objective: The purpose of this study was to evaluate the impact of implementation of a PAD guideline on clinical outcomes and medication utilization in an academic medical center intensive care unit (ICU). It was hypothesized that implementation of an updated guideline would improve clinical outcomes and decrease usage of benzodiazepine infusions. Methods: Pre-post retrospective chart review of 2417 (1147 pre, 1270 post) critically ill, mechanically ventilated adults in a medical/surgical ICU over a 2-year period (1 year pre and post guideline implementation). Results: After guideline implementation, average ventilation days was reduced (3.98 vs 3.43 days, P = .0021), as well as ICU and hospital length of stay (LOS) (4.79 vs 4.34 days, P = .048 and 13.96 vs 12.97 days, P = .045, respectively). Hospital mortality (19 vs 19%, P = .96) and acute physiology and chronic health evaluation (APACHE) IV scores (77.28 vs 78.75, P = .27) were similar. After guideline implementation, the percentage of patients receiving midazolam infusions decreased (422/1147 [37%] vs 363/1270 patients [29%] , P = .0001). The percentage of patients receiving continuous infusion propofol (679/1147 [59%] vs 896/1270 [70%] , P = .0001) and dexmedetomidine (78/1147 [7%] vs 147/1270 [12%] , P = .0001) increased. Conclusions: Implementing a multidisciplinary PAD guideline utilizing protocolized sedation and daily sedation interruption decreased ventilation days and ICU and hospital LOS while decreasing midazolam drip usage.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 0018-5787 , 1945-1253
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.1177/0018578718769570
    Language: English
    Publisher: SAGE Publications
    Publication Date: 2019
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 2069227-4
    SSG: 15,3
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  • 4
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    Online Resource
    Rehabilitative Success After Brain Trauma by Augmenting a Subtherapeutic Dose of Environmental Enrichment With Galantamine
    SAGE Publications ; 2017
    In:  Neurorehabilitation and Neural Repair Vol. 31, No. 10-11 ( 2017-10), p. 977-985
    Details
    In: Neurorehabilitation and Neural Repair, SAGE Publications, Vol. 31, No. 10-11 ( 2017-10), p. 977-985
    Abstract: Background. Environmental enrichment (EE) confers benefits after traumatic brain injury (TBI) when provided daily for 〉 6 hours, but not 2 or 4 hours, which more accurately reflects the daily amount of clinical rehabilitation. The lack of benefit with sub-therapeutic EE suggests that augmentation with galantamine (GAL), which enhances cognition after TBI, may be indicated to confer benefits. Objective. To test the hypothesis that 2 and 4 hours of EE paired with GAL will provide benefits comparable to 24 hours of EE alone. Moreover, all EE groups will perform better than the standard (STD)-housed GAL group. Methods. Anesthetized rats received a TBI or sham injury and then were randomized to receive intraperitoneal injections of GAL (2 mg/kg) or saline vehicle (VEH; 1 mL/kg) beginning 24 hours after surgery and once daily while receiving EE for 2, 4, or 24 hours. Motor and cognitive assessments were conducted on postoperative days 1-5 and 14-19, respectively. Results. Motor function was significantly improved in the TBI + 24-hour EE group versus the TBI + STD + VEH and TBI + STD + GAL groups ( P 〈 .05). Cognitive performance was enhanced in all EE groups as well as in the TBI + STD + GAL versus TBI + STD + VEH ( P 〈 .05). Moreover, the 2- and 4-hour EE groups receiving GAL did not differ from the 24-hour EE group ( P 〉 .05) and performed better than GAL alone ( P 〈 .05). Conclusions. The findings support the hypothesis and have clinical relevance because, often, only brief rehabilitation may be available in the clinic and, thus, augmenting with a pharmacotherapy such as GAL may lead to outcomes that are significantly better than either therapy alone.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 1545-9683 , 1552-6844
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.1177/1545968317739999
    Language: English
    Publisher: SAGE Publications
    Publication Date: 2017
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 2100545-X
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  • 5
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Development of a Measure of Child Welfare Practice Excellence
    SAGE Publications ; 2023
    In:  Research on Social Work Practice
    Details
    In: Research on Social Work Practice, SAGE Publications
    Abstract: Purpose: Many elements contribute to practice excellence within child welfare services, yet there are limited measures available to assess these elements. This article describes the process of developing and pilot-testing a measure of child welfare practice excellence. Method: The Elements of Child Welfare Practice (ECWP) measure was developed following an extensive literature review, with input from child welfare research experts and an anti-colonial practitioner. The ECWP was part of a comprehensive online survey administered during site visits with three Indigenous child welfare agencies in Canada. Results: Polychoric correlations and ordinal alpha revealed the ECWP had strong internal consistency and convergent validity. The ECWP had three subscales related to the importance and delivery of practice elements, and workers’ perception of their practice. Conclusions: This measure showed the potential to be useful in assessing the degree to which child welfare workers intend to and actually engage in elements associated with practice excellence.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 1049-7315 , 1552-7581
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.1177/10497315231180296
    Language: English
    Publisher: SAGE Publications
    Publication Date: 2023
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 2057740-0
    SSG: 3,4
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  • 6
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Spongiform Encephalopathy in a Nyala (Tragelaphus angasi)
    SAGE Publications ; 1988
    In:  Veterinary Pathology Vol. 25, No. 5 ( 1988-09), p. 398-399
    Details
    In: Veterinary Pathology, SAGE Publications, Vol. 25, No. 5 ( 1988-09), p. 398-399
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 0300-9858 , 1544-2217
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.1177/030098588802500514
    Language: English
    Publisher: SAGE Publications
    Publication Date: 1988
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 2106608-5
    SSG: 22
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  • 7
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    Online Resource
    The entry-level occupational therapy clinical doctorate: The next education wave of change in Canada? : Le doctorat clinique menant à l’entrée en exercice de l’ergothérapie : la nouvelle vague de changement en enseignement au Canada?
    SAGE Publications ; 2016
    In:  Canadian Journal of Occupational Therapy Vol. 83, No. 5 ( 2016-12), p. 306-316
    Details
    In: Canadian Journal of Occupational Therapy, SAGE Publications, Vol. 83, No. 5 ( 2016-12), p. 306-316
    Abstract: Currently, Canada and the United States are the only two countries that mandate entry to the occupational therapy profession at the master’s level. There was a recommendation considered by the American Occupational Therapy Association that by 2025 all education programs would move to the clinical doctorate level. In August 2015, the Accreditation Council for Occupational Therapy Education made the formal decision that for now, the entry-level qualification for occupational therapists in the United States will remain at both the master’s and clinical doctorate levels. Purpose. This article presents an overview of the types of doctorates available, the pros and cons of moving to the clinical doctorate, and some potential questions that will need to be considered. Key issues. Is the next step in the educational progression of occupational therapy in Canada the entry-level clinical doctorate? What are the potential implications for the profession, our clients, and funders? Implications. Further discourse and investigation of this issue is needed.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 0008-4174 , 1911-9828
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.1177/0008417416656206
    RVK:
    CU 8510
    Language: English
    Publisher: SAGE Publications
    Publication Date: 2016
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 2296096-X
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  • 8
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Evidence, Interpretation, and Qualification From Multiple Reports of Long-Term Outcomes in the Multimodal Treatment Study of Children With ADHD (MTA) : Part I: Executive Summary
    SAGE Publications ; 2008
    In:  Journal of Attention Disorders Vol. 12, No. 1 ( 2008-07), p. 4-14
    Details
    In: Journal of Attention Disorders, SAGE Publications, Vol. 12, No. 1 ( 2008-07), p. 4-14
    Abstract: Objective: To review the primary and secondary findings from the Multimodal Treatment study of ADHD (MTA) published over the past decade as three sets of articles. Method: In a two-part article—Part I: Executive Summary (without distracting details) and Part II: Supporting Details (with additional background and detail required by the complexity of the MTA)—we address confusion and controversy about the findings. Results: We discuss the basic features of the gold standard used to produce scientific evidence, the randomized clinical trial, for which was used to contrast four treatment conditions: medication management alone (MedMgt), behavior therapy alone (Beh), the combination of these two (Comb), and a community comparison of treatment “as usual” (CC). For each of the three assessment points we review three areas that we believe are important for appreciation of the findings: definition of evidence from the MTA, interpretation of the serial presentations of findings at each assessment point with a different definition of long-term, and qualification of the interim conclusions about long-term effects of treatments for ADHD. Conclusion: We discuss the possible clinical relevance of the MTA and present some practical suggestions based on current knowledge and uncertainties facing families, clinicians, and investigators regarding the long-term use of stimulant medication and behavioral therapy in the treatment of children with ADHD. (J. of Att. Dis. 2008; 12(1) 4-14)
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 1087-0547 , 1557-1246
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.1177/1087054708319345
    Language: English
    Publisher: SAGE Publications
    Publication Date: 2008
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 2188086-4
    SSG: 5,2
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  • 9
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    Online Resource
    Evidence, Interpretation, and Qualification From Multiple Reports of Long-Term Outcomes in the Multimodal Treatment Study of Children With ADHD (MTA) : Part II: Supporting Details
    SAGE Publications ; 2008
    In:  Journal of Attention Disorders Vol. 12, No. 1 ( 2008-07), p. 15-43
    Details
    In: Journal of Attention Disorders, SAGE Publications, Vol. 12, No. 1 ( 2008-07), p. 15-43
    Abstract: Objective: To review and provide details about the primary and secondary findings from the Multimodal Treatment study of ADHD (MTA) published during the past decade as three sets of articles. Method: In the second of a two part article, we provide additional background and detail required by the complexity of the MTA to address confusion and controversy about the findings outlined in part I (the Executive Summary). Results: We present details about the gold standard used to produce scientific evidence, the randomized clinical trial (RCT), which we applied to evaluate the long-term effects of two well-established unimodal treatments, Medication Management (MedMGT) and behavior therapy (Beh), the multimodal combination (Comb), and treatment “as usual” in the community (CC). For each of the first three assessment points defined by RCT methods and included in intent-to-treat analyses, we discuss our definition of evidence from the MTA, interpretation of the serial presentations of findings at each assessment point with a different definition of long-term varying from weeks to years, and qualification of the interim conclusions about long-term effects of treatments for ADHD based on many exploratory analyses described in additional published articles. Conclusions: Using a question and answer format, we discuss the possible clinical relevance of the MTA and present some practical suggestions based on current knowledge and uncertainties facing families, clinicians, and investigators regarding the long-term use of stimulant medication and behavioral therapy in the treatment of children with ADHD. (J. of Att. Dis. 2008; 12(1) 15-43)
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 1087-0547 , 1557-1246
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.1177/1087054708319525
    Language: English
    Publisher: SAGE Publications
    Publication Date: 2008
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 2188086-4
    SSG: 5,2
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  • 10
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    Becoming a prescription pill smoker: Revisiting Becker
    SAGE Publications ; 2017
    In:  Criminology & Criminal Justice Vol. 17, No. 3 ( 2017-07), p. 340-355
    Details
    In: Criminology & Criminal Justice, SAGE Publications, Vol. 17, No. 3 ( 2017-07), p. 340-355
    Abstract: The academic literature detailing escalations in pre-existing substance use practices is primarily understood through a biomedical lens, which situates drug escalation as a result of increases in biological markers like drug tolerance and dependence. This article seeks to frame the escalation of prescription drug misuse within a paradigm that situates drug use as a dynamic and interactional learning process shaped by set and setting. The data drawn upon for this article are derived from 41 qualitative interviews of young adults (aged 18–29 years) socially active in nightlife scenes who reported engaging in smoking prescription painkillers, sedatives, or stimulants. Results highlight how theories of drug use as a deviant behavior that is socially learned can be stretched beyond explaining patterns of initiation to also address the escalation of pre-existing drug use behaviors as users’ transition from one route of administration to another.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 1748-8958 , 1748-8966
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.1177/1748895816677570
    RVK:
    PH 1000
    Language: English
    Publisher: SAGE Publications
    Publication Date: 2017
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 2063005-0
    SSG: 2
    SSG: 2,1
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