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  • 1
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Morphological Analysis of the Carpal Tunnel
    SAGE Publications ; 2010
    In:  HAND Vol. 5, No. 1 ( 2010-03), p. 77-81
    Details
    In: HAND, SAGE Publications, Vol. 5, No. 1 ( 2010-03), p. 77-81
    Abstract: Although carpal tunnel release is one of the most commonly performed procedures in the USA, the morphology of the carpal tunnel as determined previously in the literature has been questioned. Previous methodology has been questioned for accuracy by recent studies. The purpose of this study was to perform a morphological analysis of the carpal tunnel and correlate carpal tunnel and hand dimensions. The carpal tunnels of ten cadaveric specimens were emptied of their contents and a silicone cast of the carpal tunnel was then created. This cast was then digitized, and the dimensions of the carpal tunnel were calculated. These dimensions were compared with the measured hand dimensions of the specimens. The width, depth, tilt angle, length, cross-sectional area, and volume of the carpal tunnel were 19.2 ± 1.7 mm, 8.3 ± 0.9 mm, 14.8 ± 7.8°, 12.7 ± 2.5 mm, 134.9 ± 23.6 mm 2 , and 1,737 ± 542 mm 3 , respectively. Width, depth, and cross-sectional area did not change significantly along the length of the carpal tunnel, but tilt angle did. The width of the palm strongly correlates with the width of the carpal tunnel. Other dimensional correlations did not reach statistical significance. The carpal tunnel is of uniform dimension along its length. The long axis of the carpal tunnel in cross-section rotates volarly from the radial side of the hand increasingly with distal progression along the carpal tunnel. Based on our analysis of ten cadaveric specimens, the width of the carpal tunnel may be estimated by the width of the palm using the equation: Width CT = 1:285 +0:236 × Width palm .
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 1558-9447 , 1558-9455
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.1007/s11552-009-9220-9
    Language: English
    Publisher: SAGE Publications
    Publication Date: 2010
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 2316440-2
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  • 2
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    Quantitative Hepatitis B Surface Antigen Analysis in Hepatitis B E Antigen-Positive Nucleoside-Naive Patients Treated with Entecavir
    SAGE Publications ; 2013
    In:  Antiviral Therapy Vol. 18, No. 5 ( 2013-07), p. 691-698
    Details
    In: Antiviral Therapy, SAGE Publications, Vol. 18, No. 5 ( 2013-07), p. 691-698
    Abstract: Entecavir is a potent nucleoside analogue for treating chronic hepatitis B (CHB). Quantitative hepatitis B surface antigen (qHBsAg) levels are predictive of response to interferon-α in CHB treatment; however, the clinical utility of qHBsAg in nucleoside/ nucleotide analogue-based CHB therapy is not fully characterized. This study assessed changes in qHBsAg in patients treated with entecavir in the Phase III study ETV-022. Methods This retrospective post hoc analysis included nucleoside/nucleotide-naive, hepatitis B e antigen (HBeAg)-positive patients receiving entecavir (0.5 mg daily) in ETV-022 who had samples available for qHBsAg analysis through week 48. qHBsAg, HBV DNA and alanine aminotransferase levels were assessed for the overall patient cohort, for cohorts with or without HBeAg loss or HBsAg loss by week 48, and by HBV genotype. Results Overall, 95 patients from ETV-022 had available samples for qHBsAg analysis through week 48. In all cohorts, 48 weeks of entecavir therapy resulted in effective HBV DNA suppression. In the overall cohort, qHB-sAg declined by -0.92 log 10 IU/ml through week 48. The decline in qHBsAg was more pronounced in patients with subsequent HBeAg loss or HBsAg loss, and in patients infected with HBV genotype D or A. On-treatment qHBsAg changes did not correlate with changes in HBV DNA; no on-treatment or baseline factor was found to be predictive of HBeAg loss or HBsAg loss. Conclusions Through 48 weeks of entecavir therapy, qHBsAg declined predominantly in those patients who achieved seroclearance of HBeAg or HBsAg. However, unlike with interferon-α-based therapy, early qHBsAg decline was not predictive of serological response at year 1 of entecavir treatment.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 1359-6535 , 2040-2058
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.3851/IMP2559
    Language: English
    Publisher: SAGE Publications
    Publication Date: 2013
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 2118396-X
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  • 3
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    The International Exascale Software Project roadmap
    SAGE Publications ; 2011
    In:  The International Journal of High Performance Computing Applications Vol. 25, No. 1 ( 2011-02), p. 3-60
    Details
    In: The International Journal of High Performance Computing Applications, SAGE Publications, Vol. 25, No. 1 ( 2011-02), p. 3-60
    Abstract: Over the last 20 years, the open-source community has provided more and more software on which the world’s high-performance computing systems depend for performance and productivity. The community has invested millions of dollars and years of effort to build key components. However, although the investments in these separate software elements have been tremendously valuable, a great deal of productivity has also been lost because of the lack of planning, coordination, and key integration of technologies necessary to make them work together smoothly and efficiently, both within individual petascale systems and between different systems. It seems clear that this completely uncoordinated development model will not provide the software needed to support the unprecedented parallelism required for peta/ exascale computation on millions of cores, or the flexibility required to exploit new hardware models and features, such as transactional memory, speculative execution, and graphics processing units. This report describes the work of the community to prepare for the challenges of exascale computing, ultimately combing their efforts in a coordinated International Exascale Software Project.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 1094-3420 , 1741-2846
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.1177/1094342010391989
    Language: English
    Publisher: SAGE Publications
    Publication Date: 2011
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 2017480-9
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  • 4
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    Prospective Analysis of Hand Infection Rates in Elective Soft Tissue Procedures of the Hand: The Role of Preoperative Antibiotics
    SAGE Publications ; 2021
    In:  HAND Vol. 16, No. 1 ( 2021-01), p. 81-85
    Details
    In: HAND, SAGE Publications, Vol. 16, No. 1 ( 2021-01), p. 81-85
    Abstract: Background: The purpose of this study was to evaluate the efficacy of prophylactic antimicrobial prophylaxis in elective hand surgery in preventing postoperative infection. Methods: Between 2009 and 2012, we performed a multicenter trial in which patients undergoing elective hand surgeries were categorized into an antibiotic or control group depending on the center they were enrolled in. Surgical site infections were defined according to the Centers for Diseases Control and Prevention. Results: In total, 434 patients were included: 257 did not receive antibiotics (control) and 177 received antibiotics at a mean age of 61.0 years. In the control group, comorbidities were more common with 23.7% (61/257) in comparison to the antibiotics group with 14.1% (25/177). Only one surgical site infection in each group was identified. One wound was opened surgically, and an antimicrobial treatment was indicated in both cases. In addition, we observed four complications in the control group and three complications in the antibiotics group which required conservative management. No significant differences in the two cohorts in infection rate (0.006% vs 0.003%, χ 2 = 0.07, P 〉 .05) and complication rate (2.8% vs 1.6%, χ 2 = 0.01, P 〉 .05) were found. Conclusions: Our prospective multicenter trial showed no significant difference in infection rate in elective hand surgery whether antibiotics were administered preoperatively or not.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 1558-9447 , 1558-9455
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.1177/1558944719842238
    Language: English
    Publisher: SAGE Publications
    Publication Date: 2021
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 2316440-2
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  • 5
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    ARL 17477, a Potent and Selective Neuronal NOS Inhibitor Decreases Infarct Volume after Transient Middle Cerebral Artery Occlusion in Rats
    SAGE Publications ; 1996
    In:  Journal of Cerebral Blood Flow & Metabolism Vol. 16, No. 4 ( 1996-07), p. 599-604
    Details
    In: Journal of Cerebral Blood Flow & Metabolism, SAGE Publications, Vol. 16, No. 4 ( 1996-07), p. 599-604
    Abstract: We tested the effects of administration of a selective neuronal nitric oxide synthase (nNOS) inhibitor, ARL 17477, on ischemic cell damage and regional cerebral blood flow (rCBF), in rats subjected to transient (2 h) middle cerebral artery (MCA) occlusion and 166 h of reperfusion (n = 48) and in rats without MCA occlusion (n = 25), respectively. Animals were administered ARL 17477 (i.v.): 10 mg/kg; 3 mg/kg; 1 mg/kg; N-nitro-L-arginine (L-NA) 10 mg/kg L-NA 1 mg/kg; and Vehicle. Administration of ARL 17477 1 mg/kg, 3 mg/kg and 10 mg/kg reduced ischemic infarct volume by 53 (p 〈 0.05), 23, and 6.5%, respectively. L-NA 1 mg/kg and 10 mg/kg increased infarct volume by 2 and 15%, respectively (p 〉 0.05). Administration of ARL 17477 (10 mg/kg) significantly (p 〈 0.05) decreased rCBF by 27 ± 5.3 and 24 ± 14.08% and cortical NOS activity by 86 ± 14.9 and 91 ± 8.9% at 10 min or 3 h, respectively, and did not alter mean arterial blood pressure (MABP). L-NA (10 mg/kg) significantly reduced rCBF by 23 ± 9.8% and NOS activity by 81 ± 7% and significantly (p 〈 0.05) increased MABP. Treatment with 3 mg/kg and 1 mg/kg ARL 17477 reduced rCBF by only 2.4 ± 4.5 and 0%, respectively, even when NOS activity was reduced by 63 ± 13.4 and 45 ± 15.7% at 3 h, respectively, (p 〈 0.05). The data demonstrate that ARL 17477 inhibits nNOS in the rat brain and causes a dose-dependent reduction in infarct volume after transient MCA occlusion.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 0271-678X , 1559-7016
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.1097/00004647-199607000-00009
    Language: English
    Publisher: SAGE Publications
    Publication Date: 1996
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 2039456-1
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  • 6
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    Psychological Contracts as a Mediator Between Machiavellianism and Employee Citizenship and Deviant Behaviors
    SAGE Publications ; 2014
    In:  Journal of Management Vol. 40, No. 4 ( 2014-05), p. 1098-1122
    Details
    In: Journal of Management, SAGE Publications, Vol. 40, No. 4 ( 2014-05), p. 1098-1122
    Abstract: Results from four studies in multiple contexts drawing on different data sources provide full support for the proposition that Machiavellian employees prefer forming transactional psychological contracts (schemas of their employee–employer relationship that are economic in nature) and that such contracts mediate the relationship between Machiavellianism and supervisor-rated (a) organizational citizenship behaviors and (b) deviant behaviors, respectively. The authors’ research contributes to scholars’ understanding of the theoretical underpinnings of the relationship between Machiavellianism and contextual performance as well as to the psychological contracts literature by demonstrating that Machiavellianism influences contextual performance because it affects the manner in which employees construe their employment relationships.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 0149-2063 , 1557-1211
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.1177/0149206311415420
    Language: English
    Publisher: SAGE Publications
    Publication Date: 2014
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 2015295-4
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  • 7
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    Effects of Resource Availability on Social Exchange Relationships: The Case of Employee Psychological Contract Obligations
    SAGE Publications ; 2017
    In:  Journal of Management Vol. 43, No. 5 ( 2017-05), p. 1447-1471
    Details
    In: Journal of Management, SAGE Publications, Vol. 43, No. 5 ( 2017-05), p. 1447-1471
    Abstract: Applications of social exchange theory in organizational research have tended to ignore the resource context and its impact on a focal dyadic social exchange. Integrating insights from the social exchange theory and the conservation of resources theory, we examine the role of resource availability in the social exchange of resources. The type of social exchange we focus on is the psychological contract. Specifically, we examine the antecedents and consequence of breach of employee obligations to an employer. We test our predictions using multisource data obtained from employees over three measurement periods in Sample 1 and matched triads (employee, supervisor, and coworker) in Sample 2. We found that family–work conflict (FWC) and breach of employer obligations are positively, while conscientiousness is negatively, related to employees’ perceptions of breach of their obligations. Conscientiousness moderated the FWC–breach relationship: Employees low on conscientiousness have a stronger positive relationship between FWC and breach of employee obligations. Breach of employee obligations is, in turn, negatively related to employee career progression (a job promotion over the following year in Sample 1 and supervisor-rated promotability in Sample 2). Findings highlight the interconnected nature of demands, resources, and obligations and that dyadic social exchange obligations should be examined in the context of other demands.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 0149-2063 , 1557-1211
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.1177/0149206314556317
    Language: English
    Publisher: SAGE Publications
    Publication Date: 2017
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 2015295-4
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  • 8
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    Distribution of Uranium in the Main Coalfields of China
    SAGE Publications ; 2012
    In:  Energy Exploration & Exploitation Vol. 30, No. 5 ( 2012-10), p. 819-836
    Details
    In: Energy Exploration & Exploitation, SAGE Publications, Vol. 30, No. 5 ( 2012-10), p. 819-836
    Abstract: In China, the world's largest producer of coal, the mean value of uranium in coal is 3 mg/kg, which is near the published value for uranium in coal in the United States and the world coal average. There are a few examples of Chinese coal that have exceptionally high concentrations of uranium and may be considered as a uranium source. In Hubei province in southern China a special type of stone-coal from the lower Silurian has a uranium concentration of 180 to 280 mg/kg in the coal ash. A few samples from Jurassic coal in Xinjiang of northwest China have more than 200 mg/kg uranium. The uranium in coal is mainly associated with organic matter in low rank coal. In high rank coal the uranium probably occurs in the minerals. In nature, the uranium-rich deposit is rare, and usually small in scale. Uranium abundance and occurrence in different places and strata, especially in coal stone in the South China and in marine shale, have potential hazards on the environment.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 0144-5987 , 2048-4054
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.1260/0144-5987.30.5.819
    Language: English
    Publisher: SAGE Publications
    Publication Date: 2012
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 2026571-2
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  • 9
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    Design Choices when Architecting Visualizations
    SAGE Publications ; 2004
    In:  Information Visualization Vol. 3, No. 2 ( 2004-06), p. 65-79
    Details
    In: Information Visualization, SAGE Publications, Vol. 3, No. 2 ( 2004-06), p. 65-79
    Abstract: In this paper, we focus on some of the key design decisions we faced during the process of architecting a visualization system and present some possible choices, with their associated advantages and disadvantages. We frame this discussion within the context of Rivet, our general visualization environment designed for rapidly prototyping interactive, exploratory visualization tools for analysis. As we designed increasingly sophisticated visualizations, we needed to refine Rivet in order to be able to create these richer displays for larger and more complex data sets. The design decisions we discuss in this paper include the internal data model, data access, semantic meta-data information the visualization can use to create effective visual encodings, the need for data transformations in a visualization tool, modular objects for flexibility, and the tradeoff between simplicity and expressiveness when providing methods for creating visualizations.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 1473-8716 , 1473-8724
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.1057/palgrave.ivs.9500067
    Language: English
    Publisher: SAGE Publications
    Publication Date: 2004
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 2083606-5
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 2078513-6
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  • 10
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    Women’s Employment Outcomes Following Gender-Sensitive Substance Abuse Treatment
    SAGE Publications ; 2015
    In:  Journal of Drug Issues Vol. 45, No. 2 ( 2015-04), p. 166-179
    Details
    In: Journal of Drug Issues, SAGE Publications, Vol. 45, No. 2 ( 2015-04), p. 166-179
    Abstract: Employment problems are common among low-income, substance abusing women. The present study links an empirically developed quantitative measure of gender-sensitive (GS) substance abuse treatment to employment outcomes among substance abusing women ( N = 5,109) treated in 13 mixed-gender intensive inpatient programs (IIPs) in the Washington State. Hierarchical linear models were used to test the relationship between GS treatment and subsequent employment. Propensity scores and receipt of public assistance were used to control for the preexisting differences among women. Men’s employment outcomes were used to control for potential confounding at the program level. The study found that women treated in more (vs. less) GS treatment programs were more likely to be employed 12 months after treatment admission, though not for the hypothesized 24 months. Treatment completion did not affect the relationship between GS treatment and employment. Findings point to recent progress in tailoring generic substance abuse treatment to women’s needs.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 0022-0426 , 1945-1369
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.1177/0022042614559945
    Language: English
    Publisher: SAGE Publications
    Publication Date: 2015
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 2051257-0
    SSG: 2,1
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