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  • 1
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Polymer Degradation Study by Factor Analysis of GPC-FT-IR Data
    SAGE Publications ; 2001
    In:  Applied Spectroscopy Vol. 55, No. 7 ( 2001-07), p. 927-934
    Details
    In: Applied Spectroscopy, SAGE Publications, Vol. 55, No. 7 ( 2001-07), p. 927-934
    Abstract: Factor analysis has been performed on gel permeation chromatography (GPC)-Fourier transform infrared (FT-IR) spectroscopic data sets for one control and two artificially aged, multicomponent polymer systems. This approach was utilized to provide insight into degradation chemistry and to obtain component spectra (factors) and their concentration profiles (scores). The results are evaluated in terms of the infrared spectra of the chemical species present, their concentration profiles, and the different aging environments. For the formulation of a poly(ester urethane) with added plasticizer, and stabilizer, the results demonstrate that chain scission and nitration of the poly(ester urethane) are dominant degradation pathways under radiolytic aging conditions. Thermal aging conditions induce some chain scission. In both aging studies, branching is shown not to be a dominant degradation pathway. However, because branching processes produce insoluble cross-linked material, this possibility was not further investigated in this study.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 0003-7028 , 1943-3530
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.1366/0003702011952749
    RVK:
    VA 2367
    Language: English
    Publisher: SAGE Publications
    Publication Date: 2001
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 1474251-2
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  • 2
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Raman/SEM Chemical Imaging of a Residual Gallium Phase in a Mixed Oxide Feed Surrogate
    SAGE Publications ; 2000
    In:  Applied Spectroscopy Vol. 54, No. 9 ( 2000-09), p. 1362-1371
    Details
    In: Applied Spectroscopy, SAGE Publications, Vol. 54, No. 9 ( 2000-09), p. 1362-1371
    Abstract: An integrated analytical approach, which combines elemental [scanning electron microscopy with energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (SEM/EDS)] and molecular (Raman) chemical imaging techniques, has been utilized for the characterization of a residual phase of gallium in mixed oxide (MOX) surrogate material. Surrogate MOX materials are comprised of CeO 2 in place of PuO 2 . In real MOX materials, PuO 2 is mixed with UO 2 as a commercial fuel source. A Ga phase remains in the surrogate sample following reductive heating experiments designed to explore the removal of gallium from weapons-grade plutonium. The SEM/EDS data reveal the concentration of Ga within the grain boundaries of the sample and a distribution of Ce and O throughout the sample matrix. Molecular analysis provided by Raman chemical matrix imaging correlates with the SEM/EDS elemental imaging results. Specifically, the Raman data suggest that the matrix is comprised of CeO 2 and grain boundaries are a mixed phase comprised of CeO 2 with a form of Ga, most likely a CeGaO3 perovskite phase having a cubic structure.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 0003-7028 , 1943-3530
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.1366/0003702001951048
    RVK:
    VA 2367
    Language: English
    Publisher: SAGE Publications
    Publication Date: 2000
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 1474251-2
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  • 3
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Dynamic Infrared Linear Dichroism Study of the Temperature-Dependent, Viscoelastic Behavior of a Poly(Ester Urethane)
    SAGE Publications ; 2005
    In:  Applied Spectroscopy Vol. 59, No. 3 ( 2005-03), p. 305-315
    Details
    In: Applied Spectroscopy, SAGE Publications, Vol. 59, No. 3 ( 2005-03), p. 305-315
    Abstract: In the study reported here, of the poly(ester urethane), Estane® 5703, simultaneous dynamic mechanical analysis (DMA) and dynamic infrared linear dichroism (DIRLD) measurements have been carried out at continuously variable temperatures from −50 to +30 °C. Multivariate curve resolution–alternating least squares (MCR-ALS) analysis of the spectral data has been correlated with the thermo-mechanical properties. Spectral changes, analyzed as a function of temperature, are compared with the storage and loss moduli to provide insight into viscoelastic behavior at the molecular level. In addition, the data for pure Estane have been compared to those for plasticized Estane samples, which contain 10 and 30% plasticizer by weight. These comparisons show a strong and consistent correlation between the macroscopic rheological properties and the microscopic (molecular, inter-molecular, and sub-molecular) responses of this block co-polymer.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 0003-7028 , 1943-3530
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.1366/0003702053585381
    RVK:
    VA 2367
    Language: English
    Publisher: SAGE Publications
    Publication Date: 2005
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 1474251-2
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  • 4
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    High Spatial Resolution for IR Imaging Using an IR Diode Laser
    SAGE Publications ; 2000
    In:  Applied Spectroscopy Vol. 54, No. 2 ( 2000-02), p. 159-163
    Details
    In: Applied Spectroscopy, SAGE Publications, Vol. 54, No. 2 ( 2000-02), p. 159-163
    Abstract: By coupling an infrared diode laser to a conventional infrared microscope, one achieves resolution approaching the diffraction limit while enabling rapid data collection. This technique is demonstrated with the use of a layered polymer sample that has been contaminated by migration of a volatile additive from an exogenous source. The distribution of this additive in the layered structure is shown to correlate with specific layers and reveals a concentration gradient suggesting a diffusive mechanism of additive migration parallel to the layered structure.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 0003-7028 , 1943-3530
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.1366/0003702001949122
    RVK:
    VA 2367
    Language: English
    Publisher: SAGE Publications
    Publication Date: 2000
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 1474251-2
    SSG: 11
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  • 5
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Raman Spectroscopy and Factor Analysis of Tumorigenic and Non-Tumorigenic Cells
    SAGE Publications ; 2002
    In:  Applied Spectroscopy Vol. 56, No. 7 ( 2002-07), p. 813-819
    Details
    In: Applied Spectroscopy, SAGE Publications, Vol. 56, No. 7 ( 2002-07), p. 813-819
    Abstract: Raman spectra, measured for viable suspensions of M1 and MR1 cells, demonstrate spectral differences correlating with an increased protein and phospholipid content relative to DNA in the MR1 cells. The M1 and MR1 cell lines consist of rat fibroblast cells that have been transfected with a gene causing immortality, and the MR1 line has been further transfected with a gene causing tumor formation. The cell suspensions were prepared from monolayer cultures in the same phase of growth and remained viable throughout the experiment. The Raman data have been further examined by principal factor analysis with two approaches, (1) a constrained analysis to provide a relative contribution to the Raman data from cellular components, and (2) analysis of differences in the raw data files of the two cell lines. Utilizing the constrained principal factor analysis for the two cell lines analyzed separately provides a measure of the relative contribution of protein, lipid, DNA, RNA, and buffer to the cell Raman spectra. Factor analysis of M1 and MR1 Raman spectra analyzed together demonstrates that the two cell lines can be differentiated by Raman spectroscopy with no prior spectral processing.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 0003-7028 , 1943-3530
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.1366/000370202760171464
    RVK:
    VA 2367
    Language: English
    Publisher: SAGE Publications
    Publication Date: 2002
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 1474251-2
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  • 6
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Static and Dynamic Infrared Linear Dichroic Study of a Polyester/Polyurethane Copolymer Using Step-Scan FT-IR and a Photoelastic Modulator
    SAGE Publications ; 1999
    In:  Applied Spectroscopy Vol. 53, No. 6 ( 1999-06), p. 687-696
    Details
    In: Applied Spectroscopy, SAGE Publications, Vol. 53, No. 6 ( 1999-06), p. 687-696
    Abstract: Dynamic infrared linear dichroism (DIRLD) measurements of films of a thermo-plastic polyester/polyurethane random copolymer (Estane 5703, B. F. Goodrich) are reported. Step-scan Fourier transform infrared (FT-IR) is used for dynamic measurements, and a photoelastic modulator (PEM) is used to create broadband polarization modulation as the carrier frequency for the strain modulation. A novel modulation/demodulation strategy has been employed that simplifies the triple-modulation experiment into a double-modulation experiment; the theory is thoroughly discussed. Both static and dynamic dichroic absorption difference spectra have been measured on the prestretched polymer film. The results are of high signal-to-noise ratio (SNR) and clearly indicate the static and dynamic orientation of the transition dipole moments due to the tensile deformation. The dynamic orientation responses are primarily in phase with the perturbation. The orientation magnitudes of the infrared absorption bands are quantified and compared, and the orientations of the hard and soft domains are differentiated. To assist in the interpretation of the dynamically measured data, we also describe a static linear dichroic measurement using a wire-grid polarizer and FT-IR in the rapid-scan mode for a sample incrementally drawn until the point of breaking. The orientation functions of selected bands have been calculated, and the static results agree with the dynamic data, indicating the dependency of the dynamic orientation response on the preorientation state.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 0003-7028 , 1943-3530
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.1366/0003702991947126
    RVK:
    VA 2367
    Language: English
    Publisher: SAGE Publications
    Publication Date: 1999
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 1474251-2
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  • 7
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Combining X-Ray Fluorescence Spectrometry and Vibrational Microscopy to Assess Highly Heterogeneous, Actinide-Contaminated Materials
    SAGE Publications ; 1999
    In:  Applied Spectroscopy Vol. 53, No. 3 ( 1999-03), p. 257-265
    Details
    In: Applied Spectroscopy, SAGE Publications, Vol. 53, No. 3 ( 1999-03), p. 257-265
    Abstract: Combining X-ray fluorescence (XRF) spectrometry with micro-Raman and infrared spectroscopies is shown to be a powerful experimental approach in providing information on components present in highly heterogeneous materials which contain or have been in contact with actinides. In this initial study, the quantitative XRF data demonstrate a correlation in the relative amounts of plutonium with other elements such as strontium and yttrium. The XRF mapping provides further evidence for correlation of these (and other) elements and identifies regions of interest within the sample to be further studied. These regions were then examined by vibrational microscopy to supply information on molecular species present and their spatial distribution. This experimental approach provides insight into very complex samples and provides a technique capable of exploring interactions of molecular components with actinides in complex media.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 0003-7028 , 1943-3530
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.1366/0003702991946622
    RVK:
    VA 2367
    Language: English
    Publisher: SAGE Publications
    Publication Date: 1999
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 1474251-2
    SSG: 11
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  • 8
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Elemental and Molecular Characterization of Aged Polydimethylsiloxane Foams
    SAGE Publications ; 2006
    In:  Applied Spectroscopy Vol. 60, No. 10 ( 2006-10), p. 1103-1110
    Details
    In: Applied Spectroscopy, SAGE Publications, Vol. 60, No. 10 ( 2006-10), p. 1103-1110
    Abstract: The application and integration of micro X-ray fluorescence (MXRF) and Fourier transform infrared (FT-IR) imaging to polydimethylsiloxane (PDMS) foam aging issues have been applied to cross-sectional images. Previous work has shown the tin in the stannous 2-ethylhexanoate catalyst to be highly mobile and it typically migrates to the PDMS foam upper surface. The current paper discusses a method for the integration of full spectral MXRF and FT-IR imaging of aged foams. Solvent extractions have also been performed on both fresh and aged foams to further examine aged foam properties. Combining elemental and molecular imaging techniques and applying them to PDMS aging provides synergistic information that aids in understanding the sample composition and distribution of components. Application of chemometric analysis to the full spectral elemental and molecular maps demonstrates correlations within the foams of the residual tin, organo-tin functional group moieties, and the presence of nitroplasticizer from an exogenous source.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 0003-7028 , 1943-3530
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.1366/000370206778664653
    RVK:
    VA 2367
    Language: English
    Publisher: SAGE Publications
    Publication Date: 2006
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 1474251-2
    SSG: 11
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  • 9
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Multivariate Curve Resolution in the Analysis of Vibrational Spectroscopy Data Files
    SAGE Publications ; 2003
    In:  Applied Spectroscopy Vol. 57, No. 5 ( 2003-05), p. 154A-170A
    Details
    In: Applied Spectroscopy, SAGE Publications, Vol. 57, No. 5 ( 2003-05), p. 154A-170A
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 0003-7028 , 1943-3530
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.1366/000370203321666461
    RVK:
    VA 2367
    Language: English
    Publisher: SAGE Publications
    Publication Date: 2003
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 1474251-2
    SSG: 11
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  • 10
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Integration of Elemental and Molecular Imaging to Characterize Heterogeneous Inorganic Materials
    SAGE Publications ; 1998
    In:  Applied Spectroscopy Vol. 52, No. 12 ( 1998-12), p. 1505-1514
    Details
    In: Applied Spectroscopy, SAGE Publications, Vol. 52, No. 12 ( 1998-12), p. 1505-1514
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 0003-7028 , 1943-3530
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.1366/0003702981943202
    RVK:
    VA 2367
    Language: English
    Publisher: SAGE Publications
    Publication Date: 1998
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 1474251-2
    SSG: 11
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