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  • 1
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Associations Between Long-Term Gang Membership and Informal Social Control Processes, Drug Use, and Delinquent Behavior Among Mexican American Youth
    SAGE Publications ; 2016
    In:  International Journal of Offender Therapy and Comparative Criminology Vol. 60, No. 13 ( 2016-10), p. 1532-1548
    Details
    In: International Journal of Offender Therapy and Comparative Criminology, SAGE Publications, Vol. 60, No. 13 ( 2016-10), p. 1532-1548
    Abstract: Research has found that among juveniles weak ties to informal social control entities such as parents, school, and conventional peers increase the probability of the initiation and continuation of deviant behaviors such as drug use and crime. Given the weak ties of formal social control mechanisms in highly disadvantaged communities, informal social control mechanisms are often an important deterrent that reduce or moderate engagement in deviant behaviors among serious and persistent offenders. This analysis examines the association between long-term gang membership and adolescent informal social control processes, drug use, and delinquency. This research is based on data from a study of 160 Mexican American male gang members between the ages of 16 and 20. Findings suggest that among gang members in this context, commonly studied informal control mechanisms such as the family and schools do not function to deter long-term gang membership that is associated with serious criminal and violent behavior and drug use. The implications for future research on desistance or continuation of antisocial behavior across the life course are discussed.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 0306-624X , 1552-6933
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.1177/0306624X15584985
    RVK:
    PH 178
    Language: English
    Publisher: SAGE Publications
    Publication Date: 2016
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    SSG: 2
    SSG: 2,1
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  • 2
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Biological Risk and Infection Profiles of Young Adult Male Mexican American Gang Members
    SAGE Publications ; 2018
    In:  Public Health Reports Vol. 133, No. 5 ( 2018-09), p. 551-558
    Details
    In: Public Health Reports, SAGE Publications, Vol. 133, No. 5 ( 2018-09), p. 551-558
    Abstract: Little research has examined the long-term health consequences of gang affiliation among Mexican Americans. The objectives of this study were to (1) measure biological indicators of cardiovascular and metabolic risk, as well as prevalence of sexually transmitted infections (STIs), in a sample of Mexican American men aged 25-40 who were affiliated with gangs as adolescents and (2) compare those indicators with a comparable national sample of Latino men. Methods: Using bivariate analyses, we compared blood pressure, body mass index, 4 metabolic and cardiovascular indicators, and 4 infections for 179 Mexican American formerly gang-affiliated men in San Antonio, Texas, and 155 Mexican American men from the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey. We used multivariate models to estimate adjusted risk scores for each sample controlling for age, marital status, and education. Results: Compared with men in the national sample, the unadjusted results showed that men in the gang-affiliated sample had significantly higher mean systolic blood pressure (125.6 vs 120.0  mm Hg, P = .001), diastolic blood pressure (81.4 vs 71.1 mm Hg, P 〈 .001), and C-reactive protein (5.9 vs 3.6 mg/L, P = .04), and a significantly lower mean total cholesterol (164.2 vs 205.5 mg/dL, P 〈 .001) and low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (91.1 vs 120.1 mg/dL, P 〈 .001). Compared with men in the national sample, more men in the gang-affiliated sample had herpes simplex virus type 2 (64/174 [36.8%] vs 18/147 [12.2%] , P 〈 .001), chlamydia (10/176 [5.7%] vs 1/135 [0.7%] , P = .02), and hepatitis C virus (85/173 [49.1%] vs 0, P 〈 .001). The gang-affiliated sample had a significantly higher adjusted risk score than the national sample (1.5 vs 1.1, P = .003). Conclusions: Gang-affiliated Mexican American men had significant disparities in biological risk indicators and STIs, which can lead to long-term health implications and highlight the need for tailored prevention strategies. Long-term exposure to psychosocial stressors and subsequent systemic inflammation may also increase the risk for physiological and psychological dysregulation and detrimental chronic health conditions in this population.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 0033-3549 , 1468-2877
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.1177/0033354918782495
    Language: English
    Publisher: SAGE Publications
    Publication Date: 2018
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 2017700-8
    SSG: 20,1
    SSG: 27
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  • 3
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Piloting a Flexible Solicited Diary Study With Marginalized Latina Women During the COVID-19 Pandemic
    SAGE Publications ; 2023
    In:  International Journal of Qualitative Methods Vol. 22 ( 2023-01), p. 160940692311831-
    Details
    In: International Journal of Qualitative Methods, SAGE Publications, Vol. 22 ( 2023-01), p. 160940692311831-
    Abstract: Little is known about the experiences of minority stress among Latina women who have sex with both women and men (WSWM), a sexual and gender minority group situated at the intersection of multiple marginalized identities. The current article presents an exploratory study aimed at addressing this knowledge gap. The research utilized a flexible diary-interview method (DIM) to investigate stress-related experiences among Mexican American WSWM residing in an economically disadvantaged community in the U.S. during the third wave of the COVID-19 pandemic. A detailed description of the study is provided, including information on the background, methodology, participants’ experiences, and how the project was managed remotely by a virtual research team. Twenty-one participants were asked to maintain a diary for a 6-week period spanning from March to September 2021. They submitted weekly entries in diverse formats (visual, audio, typed, and handwritten) through a user-friendly website or via mail while communicating regularly with researchers over the phone. Following the diarizing period, in-depth semi-structured interviews were conducted to clarify pertinent information within the entries and validate researchers’ preliminary interpretations. Out of the initial 21 enrollees, 14 participants stopped diarizing at different stages, and nine completed the entire study. Despite facing challenges exacerbated by the pandemic, participants reported the diary-keeping process as a positive experience that offered an authentic outlet to share parts of their lives they seldom reveal. The implementation of this study highlights two significant methodological insights. Firstly, it emphasizes the value of employing a DIM to explore intersectional narratives. Secondly, it underscores the importance of adopting a flexible and sensitive approach in qualitative health research, particularly when engaging individuals from minoritized groups.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 1609-4069 , 1609-4069
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.1177/16094069231183119
    Language: English
    Publisher: SAGE Publications
    Publication Date: 2023
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 2135788-2
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  • 4
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    Online Resource
    Race and the Association Between Police Stops and Depression Among Young Adults: A Research Note
    SAGE Publications ; 2020
    In:  Race and Justice Vol. 10, No. 3 ( 2020-07), p. 363-375
    Details
    In: Race and Justice, SAGE Publications, Vol. 10, No. 3 ( 2020-07), p. 363-375
    Abstract: Police stops are stressful experiences that may be harmful for health. The present study examines the association between police stops and symptoms of depression in the National Longitudinal Survey of Adolescent to Adult Health. The study sample included non-Hispanic Black ( n = 2,118) and White ( n = 5,629) adults aged 18–26 years surveyed in 1996 and 2001/2002. Both Black and White young adults who have been stopped by police had more symptoms of depression compared to their never stopped counterparts. Among Blacks, the association was attenuated but persisted after controlling for criminal behavior and justice contact. In contrast, among Whites, the association between police stops and depression was smaller in magnitude, and it was explained by self-reported criminal behavior. Given the frequency and the number of people in contact with police, we point to the need to sensitize police departments to potential mental health consequences of proactive policing, and the decreased willingness of the public to seek police help as a result of previous distressing encounters.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 2153-3687 , 2153-3687
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.1177/2153368718799813
    Language: English
    Publisher: SAGE Publications
    Publication Date: 2020
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 2598402-0
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  • 5
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    A Border Context of Violence : Mexican Female Sex Workers on the U.S.–Mexico Border
    SAGE Publications ; 2014
    In:  Violence Against Women Vol. 20, No. 12 ( 2014-12), p. 1506-1531
    Details
    In: Violence Against Women, SAGE Publications, Vol. 20, No. 12 ( 2014-12), p. 1506-1531
    Abstract: Female sex workers (FSW) represent a population confronted with an array of intersecting social problems. We explore the case of FSW in Nuevo Laredo and Ciudad Juarez to understand the everyday violence associated with sex work within the unique context of Mexico. Life history interviews were conducted with 109 FSW revealing violent acts by clients and other sex industry employees (bar owners, police, other FSW). The risk of violence by different types of persons associated with the sex work industry varied by venue and geographic area. Moreover, the violence was shaped by the social structural constraints of dominant gender ideologies.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 1077-8012 , 1552-8448
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.1177/1077801214557955
    Language: English
    Publisher: SAGE Publications
    Publication Date: 2014
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 2031375-5
    SSG: 2
    SSG: 2,1
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  • 6
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    Online Resource
    Substance Use and Intimate Partner Violence Victimization Among White, African American, and Latina Women
    SAGE Publications ; 2013
    In:  Journal of Interpersonal Violence Vol. 28, No. 17 ( 2013-11), p. 3301-3318
    Details
    In: Journal of Interpersonal Violence, SAGE Publications, Vol. 28, No. 17 ( 2013-11), p. 3301-3318
    Abstract: The existing literature on intimate partner violence (IPV) does not paint a consistent portrait of the impact of race/ethnicity. In addition, although research has clearly demonstrated that there is a relationship between substance use and IPV, the temporal ordering of these variables is not clearly established. This article seeks to examine the temporal ordering of IPV victimization and drug use using longitudinal data with a nationally representative racially and ethnically diverse sample. Data from Wave III (2001-2002) and Wave IV (2007-2008) of the National Longitudinal Study of Adolescent Health (Add Health) will serve as Time 1 and Time 2, respectively, to answer three research questions. First, does substance use during early young adulthood (Time 1) predict IPV victimization during young adulthood (Time 2) among women? Second, does IPV victimization during early young adulthood predict substance use during young adulthood for women? Finally, do these bidirectional relationships vary by race/ethnicity (i.e., White, African American, and Latina)? Four different forms of IPV (minor violence, major violence, rape/sexual coercion, and injury) are investigated along with binge drinking, marijuana use, and other drug use. Understanding not only the temporal relationship between substance use, trauma, and IPV but also the racial and ethnic differences in these relationships is critical to developing and refining culturally sensitive trauma-informed prevention and treatment services for women.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 0886-2605 , 1552-6518
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.1177/0886260513496903
    Language: English
    Publisher: SAGE Publications
    Publication Date: 2013
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 2028900-5
    SSG: 2
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  • 7
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    Online Resource
    Multiple Disadvantage and Social Networks: Toward an Integrated Theory of Health Care Use During Reentry From Criminal Justice Settings
    SAGE Publications ; 2022
    In:  International Journal of Offender Therapy and Comparative Criminology
    Details
    In: International Journal of Offender Therapy and Comparative Criminology, SAGE Publications
    Abstract: Research consistently finds the disproportionate negative health impact of the criminal justice system on racial and ethnic minorities. Yet less is known about the underlying mechanisms of health care utilization during community reintegration. We contribute to the literature theoretically by integrating two perspectives: network theory of social capital and multiple disadvantage hypothesis and providing a more nuanced explanation of health service use during reentry. We identify incarceration history as a unique disadvantaged status that precludes people from accessing social networks and social capital. We further elaborate on the phenomenon of racialized reentry and illustrate how multiple disadvantaged statuses are linked to social networks and health care.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 0306-624X , 1552-6933
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.1177/0306624X221132989
    RVK:
    PH 178
    Language: English
    Publisher: SAGE Publications
    Publication Date: 2022
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 2034467-3
    SSG: 2
    SSG: 2,1
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  • 8
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    Online Resource
    Trajectories of Aging Long-Term Mexican American Heroin Injectors : The “Maturing Out” Paradox
    SAGE Publications ; 2016
    In:  Journal of Aging and Health Vol. 28, No. 1 ( 2016-02), p. 19-39
    Details
    In: Journal of Aging and Health, SAGE Publications, Vol. 28, No. 1 ( 2016-02), p. 19-39
    Abstract: Objective: To examine the applicability of the “maturing out” theory to a sample of aging Mexican American men who are long-term heroin injectors. Method: Ethnographic data were collected as part of a cross-sectional study of aging Mexican American heroin users in Houston with 20 current heroin users. Results: Findings indicate that dysfunctions that emerge in the heroin lifestyle lead not to cessation but rather to “maturing in,” a specific process of social readjustment that returns the heroin user to a stable maintenance pattern of use instead of a recovery phase. This process of paradoxical maturing out can be attributed to the unconditional social support provided to the heroin user by family, peers, and the tecato subculture embedded in Mexican American communities. Discussion: Results highlight the implications for the intersection of heroin-related conditions, natural age-related impairments, and cognitive functioning that make this population increasingly susceptible to adverse health consequences.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 0898-2643 , 1552-6887
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.1177/0898264315585503
    Language: English
    Publisher: SAGE Publications
    Publication Date: 2016
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 2034469-7
    SSG: 5,2
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  • 9
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    Online Resource
    Growing Old Behind Bars : Health Profiles of the Older Male Inmate Population in the United States
    SAGE Publications ; 2016
    In:  Journal of Aging and Health Vol. 28, No. 6 ( 2016-09), p. 935-956
    Details
    In: Journal of Aging and Health, SAGE Publications, Vol. 28, No. 6 ( 2016-09), p. 935-956
    Abstract: Objective: This study examines patterns of multimorbidity among elderly male inmates across four domains of health (chronic medical conditions, drug- and alcohol-related diseases, impairments, and mental and behavioral health) to understand the complex health care needs of this growing population. Method: We use the 2004 Survey of Inmates in State Correctional Facilities and Latent Class Regression Analysis to examine 22 health problems among 1,026 men aged 50 and older. Results: There are four groups of elderly male inmates: (a) relatively healthy (45.1%), (b) substance users with behavioral health issues (23.4%), (c) chronic unhealthy with impairments and violence/injury (23.6%), and (d) very unhealthy across all domains (7.9%). These groups have unique sociodemographic background and incarceration history characteristics. Conclusion: This study demonstrates the complexity of health for elderly inmates. Prison health should continue to be monitored to aid correctional and community health programs in understanding clinical risks, exposures, and health care needs for this population.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 0898-2643 , 1552-6887
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.1177/0898264315614007
    Language: English
    Publisher: SAGE Publications
    Publication Date: 2016
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 2034469-7
    SSG: 5,2
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  • 10
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    Online Resource
    Risk Environments and Substance Use Among Mexican Female Sex Work on the U.S.–Mexico Border
    SAGE Publications ; 2017
    In:  Journal of Drug Issues Vol. 47, No. 4 ( 2017-10), p. 528-542
    Details
    In: Journal of Drug Issues, SAGE Publications, Vol. 47, No. 4 ( 2017-10), p. 528-542
    Abstract: We use a risk environment framework to qualitatively examine pathways into substance use and abuse among Mexican female sex workers on the U.S.–Mexico border. Life history interviews and ethnographic observations were conducted with female sex workers to uncover how the border context shapes patterns of substance use. The findings illustrate that, for many women, initiation into sex work is contextualized within immigration, the global economy, and demands and desire for financial autonomy. Paradoxically, many find autonomy within sex work as they increase their ability to support their families and themselves. As women become more entrenched in sex work, however, they are put on a path toward substance abuse beginning with alcohol then cocaine and heroin. This identification of specific substance use pathways and trajectories has important implications for the development of prevention and intervention programs that can help curtail problematic drug use that can lead to negative health consequences.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 0022-0426 , 1945-1369
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.1177/0022042616678609
    Language: English
    Publisher: SAGE Publications
    Publication Date: 2017
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 2051257-0
    SSG: 2,1
    SSG: 15,3
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