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  • 1
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    Online Resource
    Carotid Floating Plaques Associated with Multiple Cerebral Embolic Strokes : Case Reports
    SAGE Publications ; 1997
    In:  Angiology Vol. 48, No. 3 ( 1997-03), p. 255-261
    Details
    In: Angiology, SAGE Publications, Vol. 48, No. 3 ( 1997-03), p. 255-261
    Abstract: The authors describe 2 patients with multiple cerebral infarcts and hemorrhagic trans formation caused by artery-to-artery emboli. Ulcerated plaques with free-floating thrombus adherent to the plaque were detected at the carotid bifurcation by duplex sonography. No other embolic source could be found. One patient developed an occipital infarction due to carotid emboli passing through a fetal-type posterior communicating artery. Both patients recovered well without recurrence of stroke or transient ischemic attack with antiplatelet treatment only. Follow-up carotid duplex sonography showed disappearance of floating thrombus in 1 patient and consolidation of the lesion in the other.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 0003-3197 , 1940-1574
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.1177/000331979704800309
    Language: English
    Publisher: SAGE Publications
    Publication Date: 1997
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 2065911-8
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  • 2
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    Targeting Cancer Stem Cells for Treatment of Glioblastoma Multiforme
    SAGE Publications ; 2013
    In:  Cell Transplantation Vol. 22, No. 4 ( 2013-04), p. 731-739
    Details
    In: Cell Transplantation, SAGE Publications, Vol. 22, No. 4 ( 2013-04), p. 731-739
    Abstract: Cancer stem cells (CSCs) in glioblastoma multiforme (GBM) are radioresistant and chemoresistant, which eventually results in tumor recurrence. Targeting CSCs for treatment is the most crucial issue. There are five methods for targeting the CSCs of GBM. One is to develop a new chemotherapeutic agent specific to CSCs. A second is to use a radiosensitizer to enhance the radiotherapy effect on CSCs. A third is to use immune cells to attack the CSCs. In a fourth method, an agent is used to promote CSCs to differentiate into normal cells. Finally, ongoing gene therapy may be helpful. New therapeutic agents for targeting a signal pathway, such as epidermal growth factor (EGF) and vascular epidermal growth factor (VEGF) or protein kinase inhibitors, have been used for GBM but for CSCs the effects still require further evaluation. Nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) such as cyclooxygenase-2 (Cox-2) inhibitors have proven to be effective for increasing radiation sensitivity of CSCs in culture. Autologous dendritic cells (DCs) are one of the promising immunotherapeutic agents in clinical trials and may provide another innovative method for eradication of CSCs. Bone-morphogenetic protein 4 (BMP4) is an agent used to induce CSCs to differentiate into normal glial cells. Research on gene therapy by viral vector is also being carried out in clinical trials. Targeting CSCs by eliminating the GBM tumor may provide an innovative way to reduce tumor recurrence by providing a synergistic effect with conventional treatment. The combination of conventional surgery, chemotherapy, and radiotherapy with stem cell-orientated therapy may provide a new promising treatment for reducing GBM recurrence and improving the survival rate.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 0963-6897 , 1555-3892
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.3727/096368912X655136
    Language: English
    Publisher: SAGE Publications
    Publication Date: 2013
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 2020466-8
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  • 3
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    Online Resource
    Applicability of Adipose-Derived Stem Cells in Type 1 Diabetes Mellitus
    SAGE Publications ; 2015
    In:  Cell Transplantation Vol. 24, No. 3 ( 2015-03), p. 521-532
    Details
    In: Cell Transplantation, SAGE Publications, Vol. 24, No. 3 ( 2015-03), p. 521-532
    Abstract: Type 1 diabetes mellitus (T1DM) is a form of early onset diabetes mellitus characterized by the autoimmune destruction of insulin-producing cells (IPCs), resulting in hyperglycemia and abnormal glucose metabolism. There are currently no treatments available capable of completely curing the symptoms associated with the loss or functional defects of IPCs. Nonetheless, stem cell therapy has demonstrated considerable promise in the replacement of IPCs with immunomodulatory functions to overcome the defects caused by T1DM. Adipose-derived stem cells (ADSCs) are particularly suitable for use in cell transplantation therapy, especially when seeking to avoid the ethical issues and tumorigenic complications commonly associated with embryos or induced pluripotent stem cells. Cell-based treatments have demonstrated therapeutic advantages and clinical applicability of ADSCs in T1DM, ensuring their suitability for transplantation therapy. This manuscript focuses on the benefits and possible mechanisms in a T1DM-relevant model and displays positive results from finished or ongoing human clinical trials. We also discuss and hypothesize potential methods to further enhance the therapeutic efficacy of these efforts, such as a humanized rodent model and gene therapies for IPC clusters, to meet the clinical applicability of the standard.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 0963-6897 , 1555-3892
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.3727/096368915X686977
    Language: English
    Publisher: SAGE Publications
    Publication Date: 2015
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 2020466-8
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  • 4
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    The Role of Cancer Stem Cells (CD133 + ) in Malignant Gliomas
    SAGE Publications ; 2011
    In:  Cell Transplantation Vol. 20, No. 1 ( 2011-02), p. 121-125
    Details
    In: Cell Transplantation, SAGE Publications, Vol. 20, No. 1 ( 2011-02), p. 121-125
    Abstract: Malignant gliomas, particularly glioblastoma multiforme (GBM) tumors, are very difficult to treat by conventional approaches. Although most of the tumor mass can be removed by surgical resection, radiotherapy, and chemotherapy, it eventually recurs. There is growing evidence that cancer stem cells (CSCs) play an important role in tumor recurrence. These stem cells are radioresistant and chemoresistant. The most commonly used tumor marker for CSCs is CD133. The amount of CSC component is closely correlated with tumor malignancy grading. Isolating, identifying, and treating CSCs as the target is crucial for treating malignant gliomas. CSC-associated vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) promotes tumor angiogenesis, tumor hemorrhage, and tumor infiltration. Micro-RNA (miRNA) plays a role in CSC gene expression, which may regulate oncogenesis or suppression to influence tumor development or progression. The antigenesis of CSCs and normal stem cells may be different. The CSCs may escape the T-cell immune response. Identifying a new specific antigen from CSCs for vaccine treatment is a key point for immunotherapy. On the other hand, augmented treatment with radiosensitizer or chemosensitizer may lead to reduction of CSCs and lead to CSCs being vulnerable to radiotherapy and chemotherapy. The control of signaling pathway and cell differentiation to CSC growth is another new hope for treatment of malignant gliomas. Although the many physiological behavioral differences between CSCs and normal stem cells are unclear, the more we know about these differences the better we will be able to treat CSCs effectively.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 0963-6897 , 1555-3892
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.3727/096368910X532774
    Language: English
    Publisher: SAGE Publications
    Publication Date: 2011
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  • 5
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Therapeutic Potential of MicroRNA Let-7: Tumor Suppression or Impeding Normal Stemness
    SAGE Publications ; 2014
    In:  Cell Transplantation Vol. 23, No. 4-5 ( 2014-05), p. 459-469
    Details
    In: Cell Transplantation, SAGE Publications, Vol. 23, No. 4-5 ( 2014-05), p. 459-469
    Abstract: The first microRNA, let-7, and its family were discovered in Caenorhabditis elegans and are functionally conserved from worms to humans in the regulation of embryonic development and stemness. The let-7 family has been shown to have an essential role in stem cell differentiation and tumor-suppressive activity. Deregulating expression of let-7 is commonly reported in many human cancers. Emerging evidence has accumulated and suggests that reestablishment of let-7 in tumor cells is a valuable therapeutic strategy. However, findings reach beyond tumor therapeutics and may impinge on stemness and differentiation of stem cells. In this review, we discuss the role of let-7 in development and differentiation of normal adult stem/progenitor cells and offer a viewpoint of the association between deregulated let-7 expression and tumorigenesis. The regulation of let-7 expression, cancer-relevant let-7 targets, and the application of let-7 are highlighted.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 0963-6897 , 1555-3892
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.3727/096368914X678418
    Language: English
    Publisher: SAGE Publications
    Publication Date: 2014
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 2020466-8
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  • 6
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    Online Resource
    Recent Advances of Dendritic Cells (DCs)-Based Immunotherapy for Malignant Gliomas
    SAGE Publications ; 2009
    In:  Cell Transplantation Vol. 18, No. 9 ( 2009-09), p. 977-983
    Details
    In: Cell Transplantation, SAGE Publications, Vol. 18, No. 9 ( 2009-09), p. 977-983
    Abstract: Immunotherapy is a new light of hope for the treatment of malignant gliomas. The brain is no longer believed to be an immunologically privileged organ. The major advantage of immunotherapy is the tumor-specific cytotoxic effect on the tumor cells with minimal side effects. Autologous dendritic cells (DCs)-based immunotherapy is a promising and feasible method. DCs are the most potent antigen-presenting cells (APCs). DCs prime T lymphocytes by epitopic major histocompatibility (MHC) class I and II for CD8 + cytotoxic T lymphocytes (CTLs) and CD4 + T helper cells, respectively. From the tissue specimen examination after DCs-based immunotherapy, CD8 + CTLs have replaced T regulatory cells (Tregs) as the major dominant tissue infiltrating lymphocytes (TILs). CD8 + CTLs play a key role in the tumor response, which may also be effective against cancer stem cells. DCs themselves also produce many cytokines including interferon-γ and interleukin (IL-2) to kill the tumor cells. From the preliminary better outcomes in the literature for malignant gliomas, DC-based immunotherapy may improve tumor response by increasing the survival rate and time. It is recommended that DC-based immunotherapy is applied as soon as possible with conjunctive radiotherapy and chemotherapy. Malignant gliomas have heterogeneity of tissue-associated antigens (TAAs). To find universal common antigens through different kinds of tumor culture may be the essential issue for tumor vaccine development in the future.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 0963-6897 , 1555-3892
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.3727/096368909X12483162196962
    Language: English
    Publisher: SAGE Publications
    Publication Date: 2009
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 2020466-8
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  • 7
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    Risk factor analysis of nosocomial lower respiratory tract infection in influenza-related acute respiratory distress syndrome
    SAGE Publications ; 2020
    In:  Therapeutic Advances in Respiratory Disease Vol. 14 ( 2020-01), p. 175346662094241-
    Details
    In: Therapeutic Advances in Respiratory Disease, SAGE Publications, Vol. 14 ( 2020-01), p. 175346662094241-
    Abstract: Patients with severe influenza-related acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS) have high morbidity and mortality. Moreover, nosocomial lower respiratory tract infection (NLRTI) complicates their clinical management and possibly worsens their outcomes. This study aimed to explore the clinical features and impact of NLRTI in patients with severe influenza-related ARDS. Methods: This was an institutional review board approved, retrospective, observational study conducted in eight medical centers in Taiwan. From January 1 to March 31 in 2016, subjects were enrolled from intensive care units (ICUs) with virology-proven influenza pneumonia, while all of those patients with ARDS requiring invasive mechanical ventilation and without bacterial community-acquired pneumonia (CAP) were analyzed. Baseline characteristics, critical-illness data and clinical outcomes were recorded. Results: Among the 316 screened patients with severe influenza pneumonia, 250 with acute respiratory failure requiring intubation met the criteria of ARDS, without having bacterial CAP. Among them, 72 patients developed NLRTI. The independent risk factors for NLRTI included immunosuppressant use before influenza infection [odds ratio (OR), 5.669; 95% confidence interval (CI), 1.770–18.154], extracorporeal membrane oxygenation (ECMO) use after ARDS (OR, 2.440; 95% CI, 1.214–4.904) and larger corticosteroid dosage after ARDS (OR, 1.209; 95% CI, 1.038–1.407). Patients with NLRTI had higher in-hospital mortality and longer ICU stay, hospitalization and duration on mechanical ventilation. Conclusion: We found that immunosuppressant use before influenza infection, ECMO use, and larger steroid dosage after ARDS independently predict NLRTI in influenza-related ARDS. Moreover, NLRTI results in poorer outcomes in patients with severe influenza. The reviews of this paper are available via the supplemental material section.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 1753-4666 , 1753-4666
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.1177/1753466620942417
    Language: English
    Publisher: SAGE Publications
    Publication Date: 2020
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 2387506-9
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