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  • 1
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Prospective cohort study of vitamin D and autism spectrum disorder diagnoses in early childhood
    SAGE Publications ; 2019
    In:  Autism Vol. 23, No. 3 ( 2019-04), p. 584-593
    Details
    In: Autism, SAGE Publications, Vol. 23, No. 3 ( 2019-04), p. 584-593
    Abstract: Several studies have suggested an association between vitamin D in childhood and autism spectrum disorder. No prospective studies have evaluated whether lower vitamin D levels precede ASD diagnoses – a necessary condition for causality. The objective of this study was to prospectively evaluate whether vitamin D serum levels in early childhood was associated with incident physician diagnosed ASD. A prospective cohort study was conducted using data from preschool-aged children in the TARGet Kids! practice-based research network in Toronto, Canada, from June 2008 to July 2015. 25-hydroxyvitamin D concentration was measured through blood samples and vitamin D supplementation from parent report. Autism spectrum disorder diagnosis was determined from medical records at follow-up visits. Covariates included age, sex, family history of autism spectrum disorder, maternal ethnicity, and neighborhood household income. Unadjusted and adjusted relative risks and 95% confidence intervals were estimated using Poisson regression with a robust error variance. In this study, 3852 children were included. Autism spectrum disorder diagnosis was identified in 41 children (incidence = 1.1%) over the observation period (average follow-up time = 2.5 years). An association between 25-hydroxyvitamin D concentration and autism spectrum disorder was not identified in the unadjusted (relative risk = 1.04, 95% confidence interval: 0.97, 1.11 per 10 nmol/L increase in 25-hydroxyvitamin D concentration) or adjusted models (adjusted relative risk = 1.06; 95% confidence interval: 0.95, 1.18). An association between vitamin D supplementation in early childhood and autism spectrum disorder was also not identified (adjusted relative risk = 0.86, 95% confidence interval: 0.46, 1.62). Vitamin D in early childhood may not be associated with incident physician diagnoses of autism spectrum disorder.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 1362-3613 , 1461-7005
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.1177/1362361318756787
    Language: English
    Publisher: SAGE Publications
    Publication Date: 2019
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 2034686-4
    SSG: 5,2
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  • 2
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Recovery of Digital Information Stored in Living Plant Leaf Photosynthetic Apparatus as Fluorescence Signals
    SAGE Publications ; 1997
    In:  Applied Spectroscopy Vol. 51, No. 1 ( 1997-01), p. 1-9
    Details
    In: Applied Spectroscopy, SAGE Publications, Vol. 51, No. 1 ( 1997-01), p. 1-9
    Abstract: A CCD (charge-coupled device)-equipped, imaging spectroscopic instrument is discussed that can be reversible and rapidly reconfigured to image photosynthetic fluorescence, allowing two-dimensional spatial estimates of fluorescence quantum yield ( Y′). Y′ images of leaf areas with immediately functional photosynthetic apparatus appear smooth and uniform and are much less affected by variations in chlorophyll content and light path through the leaf. However, areas of the leaf where the photosynthetic apparatus has different light history, pathology, or other damage generate different Y′ value images. This characteristic allowed storage and recovery of images from leaves. Extending this finding, we prepared binary data coding for the value of π to 99 decimal places (100 digits), on living leaves. The images containing the binary codes for these digits can be “read” by eye, because the human brain interprets visual data with great skill. However, it was necessary to enhance the images to facilitate instrument “reading”. A program was developed to enhance the images and “read” the data images with no errors. The photosynthetic mechanism involved (nonphotochemical quenching), the role of leaf age and germplasm variation, and the potential applications of this finding in terms of bioelectronics are discussed.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 0003-7028 , 1943-3530
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.1366/0003702971938867
    RVK:
    VA 2367
    Language: English
    Publisher: SAGE Publications
    Publication Date: 1997
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 1474251-2
    SSG: 11
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  • 3
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Risk and Protective Factors for Probation Success Among Youth Offenders in Singapore
    SAGE Publications ; 2019
    In:  Youth Violence and Juvenile Justice Vol. 17, No. 2 ( 2019-04), p. 194-213
    Details
    In: Youth Violence and Juvenile Justice, SAGE Publications, Vol. 17, No. 2 ( 2019-04), p. 194-213
    Abstract: The study examined the risk and protective factors for the successful completion of probation orders among youth offenders in Singapore. Specifically, we proposed a typology whereby a predictor can be labeled as a promotive factor, hazard factor, or mixed factor in a direct relationship; or a booster factor or buffering factor in an interactive relationship. This study included 701 youth offenders. Retrospective case file coding was conducted to score the Youth Level of Service/Case Management Inventory (YLS/CMI) and Structured Assessment of Protective Factors for Violence Risk–Youth Version (SAPROF-YV). Most SAPROF factors were shown to be mixed protective factors, whereas most YLS/CMI domains were either mixed risk factors or hazard factors. An absence of a supportive external pedagogical climate (PC) was the strongest mixed factor. For youth with high PC, significant booster factors included high levels of attitudes toward agreements and conditions, motivation for treatment, perseverance, and bonding to school/work, as well as low levels of risk in peer relations and education/employment. For youth with limited PC, buffering factors with the strongest effects include self-control, future orientation, and school/work. Implications for practice and future research were discussed.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 1541-2040 , 1556-9330
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.1177/1541204018778887
    Language: English
    Publisher: SAGE Publications
    Publication Date: 2019
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 2119105-0
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  • 4
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    Online Resource
    Who is at risk of clinical deterioration? Adverse events among trauma patients undergoing intra-hospital transport for emergent computerized tomography
    SAGE Publications ; 2023
    In:  Trauma
    Details
    In: Trauma, SAGE Publications
    Abstract: Computerized tomography is an essential element of the early diagnostic stages of trauma care for hemodynamically stable patients. However, there are inherent challenges and risks associated with the intra-hospital transport of critically injured trauma patients to the radiology suite and during the scanning process itself. We examined the frequency and nature of adverse events during computerized tomography among critically injured patients. Methods This is a retrospective cohort study of adverse event in critically injured adult ( 〉 18 years old) trauma patients who underwent emergent computerized tomographic scan following evaluation in the trauma bay over a 22-month period who were either admitted to the intensive care unit or the operating room post computerized tomography. Data was abstracted from the hospital's trauma registry and chart review of electronic medical records. The frequency of adverse events during computerized tomography and the associated patient transport phases was recorded. Multivariable logistic regression was performed to assess the impact of adverse event on 7-day in-hospital mortality. Results Of the 526 critically injured trauma patients who underwent computerized tomographic scan during the study period, 17.3% (91/526) experienced one or more adverse event. The most common adverse events were hypotension n = 50 (9.5%), hypertension n = 18 (3.4%), initiation of vasopressors n = 11 (2.1%) and vomiting n = 8 (1.5%). One patient required re-intubation following endotracheal tube dislodgement and one patient required intubation following hypoxia post-sedation for agitation. Patient factors independently associated with adverse event were mechanical ventilation and blood product administration. When adjusted for injury severity score and age, patients who experienced adverse event were at increased odds of death (odds ratio: 2.2, 95% confidence interval: 1.11–4.36) compared to those who did not experience adverse event. Conclusion Adverse events occur frequently in critically injured patients undergoing emergent trauma computerized tomography and may significantly impact clinical outcomes. This study provides important information to guide system and process-level improvements including optimized designs of the built environment and safety-informed protocols for high-risk patients undergoing emergent trauma computerized tomography.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 1460-4086 , 1477-0350
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.1177/14604086231190802
    Language: English
    Publisher: SAGE Publications
    Publication Date: 2023
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 2010984-2
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  • 5
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Trends, patterns, and factors associated with HIV infection among males diagnosed with syphilis, 2014–2019, Hawaii
    SAGE Publications ; 2023
    In:  International Journal of STD & AIDS Vol. 34, No. 4 ( 2023-03), p. 273-280
    Details
    In: International Journal of STD & AIDS, SAGE Publications, Vol. 34, No. 4 ( 2023-03), p. 273-280
    Abstract: This study describes HIV infection and associated risk factors among males diagnosed with syphilis in Hawaii. Methods Hawaii sexually transmitted infection (STI) registry records of males diagnosed with syphilis, 2014–2019, were crossmatched with Hawaii HIV surveillance registry records through 2020 using CDC’s Registry Plus Link Plus software. HIV status from the STI registry was validated by matching results. Logistic regression was used to examine demographic and behavioral factors associated with HIV infection. Results Among the 947 male syphilis cases, 257 (27.1%) had both syphilis and HIV infections. Dual infection rates were higher in earlier years (39.5% in 2015), among older patients (41.6% among persons ≥45 years old), males who have sex with males (MSM, 36.6%), and cases with repeated syphilis events (59.5%). The overall agreement on HIV status between the STI registry and matching results was 95.7%. Conclusions Over a quarter (27.1%) of male syphilis cases were living with HIV. HIV infection rates were higher among older patients, MSM, and males with repeated syphilis events. Periodic matching between STI and HIV registries provides opportunities for quality control to both registries and opportunities to identify patients not linked to HIV care or who have fallen out of HIV care.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 0956-4624 , 1758-1052
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.1177/09564624221149460
    Language: English
    Publisher: SAGE Publications
    Publication Date: 2023
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 2009782-7
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  • 6
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Modeling Fluid Dynamics and Growth Kinetics in Fluidized Bed Spray Granulation
    SAGE Publications ; 2010
    In:  The Journal of Computational Multiphase Flows Vol. 2, No. 4 ( 2010-12), p. 235-248
    Details
    In: The Journal of Computational Multiphase Flows, SAGE Publications, Vol. 2, No. 4 ( 2010-12), p. 235-248
    Abstract: Fluidized bed spray granulation is used to produce spherical granules from suspensions, solutions and melts. Experimental investigations revealed that fluid dynamics in the granulator plays a crucial role, in particular in the jet. The jet causes the particle movement as well as drop propagation and deposition on the particles. In this work the “Two Fluid Model” (TFM) is used to simulate the multiphase fluid dynamics in the fluidized bed. The results of simulations were validated by measuring the particle velocity using Laser Doppler Velocimetry (LDV). From the TFM-simulations with implemented growth mechanisms the growth kinetics is obtained and is used to describe the transient states of various granulation processes by solving the appropriate population balances.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 1757-482X , 1757-4838
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.1260/1757-482X.2.4.235
    Language: English
    Publisher: SAGE Publications
    Publication Date: 2010
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 2495482-2
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  • 7
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Youth Who Sexual Offended : Primary Human Goods and Offense Pathways
    SAGE Publications ; 2015
    In:  Sexual Abuse Vol. 27, No. 2 ( 2015-04), p. 151-172
    Details
    In: Sexual Abuse, SAGE Publications, Vol. 27, No. 2 ( 2015-04), p. 151-172
    Abstract: There has been an increased focus on understanding youth sexual offending in recent years, but there has been limited empirical research on the causes, pathways, and treatment of youth who have sexually offended—especially within a non-Western context. The Good Lives and Self-Regulation Models have often been used to understand and rehabilitate adult sexual offenders, but (unfortunately) there is scant research on youth who sexually offended using these models. The present study aims to describe the different primary goods that are associated with youth sexual offending behaviors in an Asian context. In addition, the study sought to explore whether the age of victim (child vs. nonchild) and nature of sexual offense (penetrative vs. nonpenetrative) influenced the youth’s engagement in offense pathways. The results suggest that pleasure, relatedness, and inner peace were the primary human goods that were most sought after by a sample of 168 youth who sexually offended in Singapore. In addition, offender classification (in relation to the age of victim and nature of sexual offense) influenced the pathways to sexual offending. Therefore, these findings have important clinical implications for assessment, management, and intervention planning for youth who sexually offended.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 1079-0632 , 1573-286X
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.1177/1079063213499188
    Language: English
    Publisher: SAGE Publications
    Publication Date: 2015
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 2018683-6
    SSG: 2,1
    SSG: 5,2
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  • 8
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    Online Resource
    Carbonic anhydrase-8 gene therapy inhibits the ITPR1-cytosolic free calcium pathway producing analgesia and anti-hyperalgesia
    SAGE Publications ; 2014
    In:  Molecular Pain Vol. 10, No. Suppl 1 ( 2014), p. O7-
    Details
    In: Molecular Pain, SAGE Publications, Vol. 10, No. Suppl 1 ( 2014), p. O7-
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 1744-8069
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.1186/1744-8069-10-S1-O7
    Language: English
    Publisher: SAGE Publications
    Publication Date: 2014
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 2174252-2
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  • 9
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Patterns That Impair Discrimination of Line Orientation in Human Vision
    SAGE Publications ; 1996
    In:  Perception Vol. 25, No. 9 ( 1996-09), p. 1053-1064
    Details
    In: Perception, SAGE Publications, Vol. 25, No. 9 ( 1996-09), p. 1053-1064
    Abstract: The threshold for detecting a change in orientation away from the vertical of a briefly presented foveal line target is raised when there are immediately following visual presentations. This masking effect was examined by measuring the capacity of a variety of patterns to act as masks. When patterns were made of exactly the same number of light pixels, masking was least when they formed random dots and progressively became stronger as they formed lines of decreasing curvature from full circles to straight lines. The longer the lines, the stronger the masking. Threshold elevation was highest when the masking pattern was spatially superimposed on the line and was lessened when a large surround area was included, but there was still considerable masking when the interfering patterns were confined to the surround. By placing masks and test lines in different eyes, or by giving them opposite contrast polarity, almost complete interocular and interpolarity transfer was demonstrated. Relating these results to anatomical and electrophysiological findings about neurons in the primary visual cortex leads to the conclusion that the masking effects could have their substrates in interaction between cells in V1.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 0301-0066 , 1468-4233
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.1068/p251053
    Language: English
    Publisher: SAGE Publications
    Publication Date: 1996
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 2013004-1
    SSG: 5,2
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  • 10
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    Online Resource
    Evaluation of Lactate Production and Clearance Kinetics by 1H NMR in a Model of Brief Repetitive Cerebral Ischemia
    SAGE Publications ; 1994
    In:  Journal of Cerebral Blood Flow & Metabolism Vol. 14, No. 4 ( 1994-07), p. 591-596
    Details
    In: Journal of Cerebral Blood Flow & Metabolism, SAGE Publications, Vol. 14, No. 4 ( 1994-07), p. 591-596
    Abstract: Pilots of high-performance aircraft are subject to repeated transient cerebral ischemia during high-gravitational stress maneuvers. Previously we have demonstrated that repeated episodes of transient cerebral ischemia and reflow are cumulative and lactate accumulations appear to be exponential. To evaluate the metabolic events determining the kinetics of lactate accumulation, and therefore the rates of substrate utilization, we have used in vivo 1 H nuclear magnetic resonance with a 5-s time resolution to measure lactate production and clearance. The individual rates for each animal were then used to predict the accumulation of lactate in the same animal during 30 episodes of ischemia and reflow. Lactate accumulation was modeled as the balance between a zero-order production process during the ischemic period and a first-order clearance process. The predicted lactate accumulation showed excellent agreement with the observed time course, validating the predictive power of the simple model used. The highly reproducible nature of this model and its accuracy in predicting lactate accumulation should enable more accurate studies of the deleterious effects of lactate accumulation in cerebral ischemia by providing a highly reproducible means for generating a specific level of lactate accumulation.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 0271-678X , 1559-7016
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.1038/jcbfm.1994.73
    Language: English
    Publisher: SAGE Publications
    Publication Date: 1994
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 2039456-1
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