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  • 1
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    Online Resource
    Neurological and Neuropsychological Changes Associated with SARS-CoV-2 Infection: New Observations, New Mechanisms
    SAGE Publications ; 2022
    In:  The Neuroscientist Vol. 28, No. 6 ( 2022-12), p. 552-571
    Details
    In: The Neuroscientist, SAGE Publications, Vol. 28, No. 6 ( 2022-12), p. 552-571
    Abstract: SARS-CoV-2 infects cells through angiotensin-converting enzyme 2 (ACE2), a ubiquitous receptor that interacts with the virus’ surface S glycoprotein. Recent reports show that the virus affects the central nervous system (CNS) with symptoms and complications that include dizziness, altered consciousness, encephalitis, and even stroke. These can immerge as indirect immune effects due to increased cytokine production or via direct viral entry into brain tissue. The latter is possible through neuronal access via the olfactory bulb, hematogenous access through immune cells or directly across the blood-brain barrier (BBB), and through the brain’s circumventricular organs characterized by their extensive and highly permeable capillaries. Last, the COVID-19 pandemic increases stress, depression, and anxiety within infected individuals, those in isolation, and high-risk populations like children, the elderly, and health workers. This review surveys the recent updates of CNS manifestations post SARS-CoV-2 infection along with possible mechanisms that lead to them.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 1073-8584 , 1089-4098
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.1177/1073858420984106
    Language: English
    Publisher: SAGE Publications
    Publication Date: 2022
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 2029471-2
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  • 2
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    Authentic Leadership and Its Role in Registered Nurses’ Mental Health and Experiences of Workplace Bullying
    SAGE Publications ; 2023
    In:  SAGE Open Nursing Vol. 9 ( 2023-01)
    Details
    In: SAGE Open Nursing, SAGE Publications, Vol. 9 ( 2023-01)
    Abstract: Bullying is a widespread problem in healthcare organizations, resulting in nurses’ poor mental health. Effective leadership, such as authentic leadership, may help to overcome this problem. Objective To examine the relationship between authentic leadership, workplace bullying, and nurses’ mental health, controlling for demographic characteristics. Methods A descriptive correlational design was utilized with a sample of 170 nurses. Nurses were recruited from four private hospitals in Jordan and completed a survey about their perception of managers’ authentic leadership, their experience of workplace bullying, and their mental health. Results About 48.8%, 25.9%, and 25.3% were categorized as “not bullied,” “occasionally bullied,” and “severely bullied,” respectively. Participant nurses had mild depression ( m = 12.11) and moderate anxiety ( m = 10.92). Workplace bullying was higher among nurses who earn less than 600 Jordanian dinars and nurses working in the smallest hospital, with 130 beds. Authentic leadership explains 6% of the variance of workplace bullying, 3% of anxiety, 7% of stress, and 7% of depression above and beyond the variance explained by other variables. Conclusions Healthcare organizations are facing a challenge in providing a healthy work environment. Employing authentic leadership in the workplace could be one of the factors that could help in addressing this issue.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 2377-9608 , 2377-9608
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.1177/23779608231185919
    Language: English
    Publisher: SAGE Publications
    Publication Date: 2023
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 2865437-7
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  • 3
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    The Relationship of Family and School Environments with Depression, Anxiety, and Stress Among Jordanian Students: A Cross-Sectional Study
    SAGE Publications ; 2022
    In:  SAGE Open Nursing Vol. 8 ( 2022-01), p. 237796082211384-
    Details
    In: SAGE Open Nursing, SAGE Publications, Vol. 8 ( 2022-01), p. 237796082211384-
    Abstract: Depression, anxiety, and stress are highly prevalent among adolescents. The role of impaired family and school environments in adolescents’ depression, anxiety, and stress in Jordan has yet to be established. Objective The purpose of this study was to explore the association of family and school environments with the depression, anxiety, and stress of adolescents in Jordan. Methods A cross-sectional correlational survey was used. A sample of 220 adolescents aged 12–18 years completed the study. Data were collected about family and school environments and adolescents’ depression, anxiety, and stress. Results School climate had a strong significant relationship with both general family functioning ( r = .53, p  〈  0.01) and family process ( r  = .58, p  〈  0.01). General family functioning and school climate were uniquely associated with stress, anxiety, and depression ( Β = −.280 or higher), p  〈  0.05, controlling for demographics. Conclusion The general family functioning and overall school climate were shown to play important role in adolescents’ depression, anxiety, and stress. School nurses and psychiatric nurses may want to respond to the needs of adolescents with depression, anxiety, and stress through campaigns, lectures, and conferences and encourage them to access professional psychological counseling.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 2377-9608 , 2377-9608
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.1177/23779608221138432
    Language: English
    Publisher: SAGE Publications
    Publication Date: 2022
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  • 4
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    Immunohistochemical pattern of T lymphocytes population within bilharzial-associated bladder neoplasm microenvironment
    SAGE Publications ; 2015
    In:  International Journal of Immunopathology and Pharmacology Vol. 28, No. 2 ( 2015-06), p. 209-217
    Details
    In: International Journal of Immunopathology and Pharmacology, SAGE Publications, Vol. 28, No. 2 ( 2015-06), p. 209-217
    Abstract: The present work aimed to investigate the cellular and immunochemical pattern of T cells population in biopsy material from chronic schistosomiasis haematobium Egyptian patients complicated with bladder cancer. Digital real-time quantitative photocytometry was applied to auto-analyze 29 stained tissue sections from cases and 17 controls using STAT4, GATA3, FOXP3, and CD8 markers specific for Th1, Th2, T regulatory, and T cytotoxic cells, respectively. Area percentage showed significant high level of GATA, followed by FOXP3 and low level of both STAT and CD8 was reported. Tissue samples from five healthy bladder tissues showed significant lower optical density (OD) values. Tissue samples from 12 non-bilharzial bladder cancers showed variable OD values, reflecting wide disparity in the control group. Our results hypothesized an exclusive pattern of T population in long standing complicated schistosomiasis haematobium. Our cases were poorly controlled by unbalanced Th1/Th2 in which Th2 was dominated. FOXP3 increased significantly, however, failed to downregulate Th2, instead, the relation between Th1 and T cytotoxic was forcibly limited by the high level of FOXP3, resulting in loss of their power in defending the host against both parasite and carcinogenic changes. These results provide more clarification for the immune evasion process played by the parasite and tumor cells under the supervision of T regulatory cells. Additionally a critical role of FOXP3 is suggested in manipulating STAT4 and CD8 in favor of malignant transformation in this life-threatening parasite.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 2058-7384 , 2058-7384
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.1177/0394632015584733
    Language: English
    Publisher: SAGE Publications
    Publication Date: 2015
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  • 5
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    Immunomodulatory impression of anti and pro-inflammatory cytokines in relation to humoral immunity in human scabies
    SAGE Publications ; 2016
    In:  International Journal of Immunopathology and Pharmacology Vol. 29, No. 2 ( 2016-06), p. 188-194
    Details
    In: International Journal of Immunopathology and Pharmacology, SAGE Publications, Vol. 29, No. 2 ( 2016-06), p. 188-194
    Abstract: The chief manifestations of scabies are mediated through hypersensitivity-like reactions and immune responses which are so far not well understood and remain poorly characterized. The aim of this study is to investigate the role of inflammatory cytokines in relation to humoral immunity in patients with scabies. Serum levels of total IgE, specific IgG, IL-10, IL-6, INF-γ, and TNF-α were investigated in a cross-sectional study including 37 patients with manifestations suggestive of scabies and serologically positive for anti- Sarcoptes IgG, in addition to 20 healthy controls. The median value of total IgE was 209 (range, 17–1219 IU/mL), reflecting its wide range within cases. IL-10 showed significant higher levels (287 ± 139) in cases than in controls (17.4 ± 11.32). A positive correlation was reported between total IgE and severity of manifestations (r = 0.429, P 〈 0.005). A significant positive correlation was observed between total IgE and both IgG and IL-6. On the contrary, a negative correlation was recorded between IL-6 and TNF-α which makes us suggested anti-inflammatory rather than pro-inflammatory effect of IL-6. Moreover, a negative correlation was noticed between the anti-inflammatory cytokine IL-10 and severity of manifestations, specific IgG, total IgE, and INF-γ. Therefore, the current study theorized a regulatory role of IL-10 in inflammatory responses of scabietic patients suggesting further future analysis of its therapeutic potential.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 2058-7384 , 2058-7384
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.1177/0394632015627464
    Language: English
    Publisher: SAGE Publications
    Publication Date: 2016
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  • 6
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    Hypertriglyceridemia in Critically Ill Patients With SARS-CoV-2 Infection
    SAGE Publications ; 2022
    In:  Annals of Pharmacotherapy Vol. 56, No. 6 ( 2022-06), p. 637-644
    Details
    In: Annals of Pharmacotherapy, SAGE Publications, Vol. 56, No. 6 ( 2022-06), p. 637-644
    Abstract: Patients with SARS-CoV-2 infection could develop severe disease requiring critical care admission. Case reports indicated high incidence of hypertriglyceridemia (HTG) in critically ill patients infected with SARS-CoV-2, which might be related to the drugs. Objective We sought to determine the risk factors associated with HTG in this population and to investigate the relationship between HTG and lipase. Methods A retrospective observational study was conducted at our hospital between March 1 and June 30, 2020. Patients were included if they were ≥18 years old, admitted to the intensive care unit (ICU), tested positive for SARS-CoV-2, and had triglycerides (TG) checked during their hospital stay. Results Of the 111 critically ill patients, 103 patients were included. Males comprised 88.3% of the sample. The median TG at baseline was 197.4 (IQR: 139.8-283) mg/dL. The lipase median level at baseline was 23.00 (IQR: 0.00-69.50) IU/L. The results of the mixed-effects logistic regression analysis indicated that patient-level variables, favipiravir use, blood glucose level, and propofol use were significantly associated with HTG. There was no relationship between lipase and TG levels over time. Furthermore, TG concentrations over time showed a similar trend to inflammatory markers. Conclusion and Relevance The incidence of clinically significant HTG was high and was associated with propofol and favipiravir use. HTG might reflect the high inflammatory state in these patients. Clinicians should look at the full picture before changing therapies based only on HTG. Our findings need to be replicated in a larger prospective study.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 1060-0280 , 1542-6270
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.1177/10600280211038302
    Language: English
    Publisher: SAGE Publications
    Publication Date: 2022
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 2053518-1
    SSG: 15,3
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  • 7
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    The Relationship Between Nursing Care Delivery Models, Emotional Exhaustion, and Quality of Nursing Care Among Jordanian Registered Nurses
    SAGE Publications ; 2022
    In:  SAGE Open Nursing Vol. 8 ( 2022-01), p. 237796082211242-
    Details
    In: SAGE Open Nursing, SAGE Publications, Vol. 8 ( 2022-01), p. 237796082211242-
    Abstract: Inappropriately selected models of nursing care delivery and emotional exhaustion of nurses at work not only affect the nurses’ health, but also the health of their patients. Purpose To examine the relationship between nursing care delivery models, nurses’ emotional exhaustion, and quality of nursing care. Methods A cross-sectional survey that used a convenience sampling technique was employed. A total of 160 participants completed the study. Participants provided information about nursing care delivery models, nurses, emotional exhaustion, and quality of nursing care. Results Participants had a moderate level of emotional exhaustion. No statistically significant difference in the scores of quality of nursing care and emotional exhaustion were found according to the type of care delivery model ( P  〉  .05). Emotional exhaustion was significantly and negatively correlated with the (nursing staff characteristics) subscale of quality of nursing care ( r = −.183, P = .021). There was a significant difference in emotional exhaustion in regard to shift duty, marital status, education level, years of experience, salary, and working area). Only marital status significantly predicted emotional exhaustion ( t = 2.57, B = −8.98, P = .011). Conclusions Quality of nursing care was associated with nurses’ emotional exhaustion rather than models of nursing care delivery. As nurses’ emotional exhaustion could negatively affect the quality of nursing care, addressing the emotional exhaustion of nurses is important to improve patient outcomes.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 2377-9608 , 2377-9608
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.1177/23779608221124292
    Language: English
    Publisher: SAGE Publications
    Publication Date: 2022
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  • 8
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    Triage Knowledge and Practice and Associated Factors Among Emergency Department Nurses
    SAGE Publications ; 2022
    In:  SAGE Open Nursing Vol. 8 ( 2022-01), p. 237796082211305-
    Details
    In: SAGE Open Nursing, SAGE Publications, Vol. 8 ( 2022-01), p. 237796082211305-
    Abstract: The study aims at assessing the triage knowledge and practices and their associated factors among emergency department nurses employed in King Fahad Medical City (KFMC), Saudi Arabia. Method The study employed a cross-sectional, descriptive, and correlational design. Data collection was carried out from February 11, 2021, until April 27, 2021. The study included all emergency department nurses who were working in the KFMC during the data collection period and excluded those who were on leave at the time of data collection. A self-reported questionnaire with adequate validity and reliability was used. Statistical analysis was performed using the IBM SPSS Version 25 employing descriptive statistics, independent t-test, one-way ANOVA, and Pearson correlation test. Results A total of 147 emergency department nurses completed the study. Participants demonstrated generally high levels of triage knowledge and triage practice. However, knowledge deficit and incorrect practice related to some aspects were noted. There were no significant differences in triage knowledge and practice according to participants’ demographics including gender, job title, qualification, emergency nursing training, and previous training in triage ( P  〉  0.05). Most participants ( n = 141, 95.9%) had access to their triage systems and the majority ( n = 79, 53.7%) utilize triage systems on a daily basis. Half said that only professional nurses performed the triage role ( n = 69, 46.9%). There was a significant positive relationship between triage knowledge and practice (r = 0.486, P  〈  0.01). Conclusion The respondents had a high level of triage knowledge and practice. However, they have some areas of knowledge deficit and some deficiencies in the conversion of their knowledge into practice. The study recommends the development of further training and education in emergency nursing to address knowledge deficits and incorrect triage practices.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 2377-9608 , 2377-9608
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.1177/23779608221130588
    Language: English
    Publisher: SAGE Publications
    Publication Date: 2022
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  • 9
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    Predictors of Burden of Care Among Caregivers of Drug-Naive Children and Adolescents With ADHD: A Cross-Sectional Correlative Study From Muscat, Oman
    SAGE Publications ; 2019
    In:  Journal of Attention Disorders Vol. 23, No. 5 ( 2019-03), p. 517-526
    Details
    In: Journal of Attention Disorders, SAGE Publications, Vol. 23, No. 5 ( 2019-03), p. 517-526
    Abstract: Objective: the study assessed the prevalence of burden of care among caregivers of children with ADHD in Oman. A related aim is to explore the predictors of the burden of care, subtypes of ADHD, and socio-demographic factors. Method: Arabic version of the Zarit Burden Interview (ZBI) was administered to 117 caregivers of drug-naive children with ADHD. Sociodemographic background and clinical data were gathered from medical records and from the attending caregivers themselves. The ADHD symptoms were grouped under three categories : hyperactive, inattentive, or mixed. Results: the prevalence of the burden of care was estimated to be 34%. Income levels and the child’s ADHD diagnosis being of “mixed” type have significant impact on the burden of care. Conclusion: the results of this study indicate that the prevalence of the burden of care among the caregivers of ADHD children in Oman is comparable with that in the other regions of the world.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 1087-0547 , 1557-1246
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.1177/1087054718808381
    Language: English
    Publisher: SAGE Publications
    Publication Date: 2019
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 2188086-4
    SSG: 5,2
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  • 10
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    Circulating Mir-146A Expression Predicts Early Treatment Response to Imatinib in Adult Chronic Myeloid Leukemia
    SAGE Publications ; 2021
    In:  Journal of Investigative Medicine Vol. 69, No. 2 ( 2021-02), p. 333-337
    Details
    In: Journal of Investigative Medicine, SAGE Publications, Vol. 69, No. 2 ( 2021-02), p. 333-337
    Abstract: This study aimed to investigate the prognostic role of circulating miR-146a in the prediction of early response to imatinib treatment in patients with chronic myeloid leukemia (CML). Sixty patients with CML and 20 healthy controls were recruited in this study. BCR-ABL was assessed by quantitative rt-PCR at days 0 and 90 of imatinib therapy. Circulating miR-146a levels were assessed by quantitative rt-PCR at days 0, 14 and 90 of imatinib therapy for patients and once for controls. At day 90 of treatment, treatment response was achieved in 48 patients (80.0%). Responders had significantly lower baseline Sokal score when compared with non-responders. They also had significantly lower BCR-ABL expression at day 90 of treatment. The circulating miR-146a level was significantly lower in patients with CML than in healthy subjects and showed a significant rise after 14 days of imatinib treatment and an inverse correlation with BCR-ABL expression levels at 90 days. Using multivariate logistic regression analysis, baseline BCR-ABL (%) (OR (95% CI) 1.09 (1.03 to 1.016), p=0.006) and miR-146a at 14 days (OR (95% CI) 0.002 (0.0 to 0.09), p=0.001) were significant predictors of treatment response. Using ROC curve analysis, it was found that miR-146a expression at 14 and 90 days could distinguish responders from non-responders (AUC (95% CI) 0.849 (0.733 to 0.928) and 0.867 (0.755 to 0.941), respectively). This study reported for the first time that measurement of the circulating miR-146a expression at 14 days can predict the early response to imatinib treatment in patients with CML. Thus, this work indicates that miR-146a should be investigated in the setting of treatment response to other tyrosine kinase inhibitors.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 1081-5589 , 1708-8267
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.1136/jim-2020-001563
    Language: English
    Publisher: SAGE Publications
    Publication Date: 2021
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