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  • 1
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Contextual determinants of parental reflective functioning: Children with autism versus their typically developing siblings
    SAGE Publications ; 2020
    In:  Autism Vol. 24, No. 6 ( 2020-08), p. 1578-1582
    Details
    In: Autism, SAGE Publications, Vol. 24, No. 6 ( 2020-08), p. 1578-1582
    Abstract: Parental reflective functioning is defined as holding in mind one’s child’s thoughts, feelings, beliefs, and intentions and reflecting on how these mental states may be affecting the child’s behavior. Although parental reflective functioning is often treated as a stable feature of the parent, there is growing appreciation that it may be shaped by the context in which the parent is operating. In this study, we examined parental reflective functioning using the Parental Developmental Interview when parents were talking about their interactions with their child with autism versus the child’s typically developing siblings. Our sample included 30 parents who had a child between the ages of 3 and 18 years with a clinical diagnosis of autism spectrum disorder and at least one typically developing child. Findings indicated that parents exhibited significantly higher reflective functioning when interacting with their child with autism spectrum disorder versus the typically developing siblings, and the difference was moderated by parental self-efficacy. The evidence for a disparity in parental reflective functioning between children with autism spectrum disorder and their typically developing siblings (especially for parents with low parental self-efficacy) warrants further investigations that might lead to the development of effective interventions. Lay Abstract In this study, we examined parental reflective functioning using the Parental Developmental Interview when parents were talking about their interactions with their child with autism versus the child’s typically developing siblings. Our sample included 30 parents who had a child between the ages of 3 and 18 years with a clinical diagnosis of autism spectrum disorder and at least one typically developing child. Findings indicated that parents exhibited significantly higher reflective functioning when interacting with their child with autism spectrum disorder versus the typically developing siblings, and the difference was moderated by parental self-efficacy.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 1362-3613 , 1461-7005
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.1177/1362361320908096
    Language: English
    Publisher: SAGE Publications
    Publication Date: 2020
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 2034686-4
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  • 2
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Gender Equality and Maternal Burnout: A 40-Country Study
    SAGE Publications ; 2022
    In:  Journal of Cross-Cultural Psychology Vol. 53, No. 2 ( 2022-02), p. 157-178
    Details
    In: Journal of Cross-Cultural Psychology, SAGE Publications, Vol. 53, No. 2 ( 2022-02), p. 157-178
    Abstract: In Western countries, recent decades have witnessed a revolution toward gender equality. Inequalities have been greatly reduced in areas such as education or employment. Because inequalities lead to distress, this development has largely benefited women. One notable exception is the realm of parenting, which has remained rife with inequalities even in the most egalitarian countries. We hypothesized that experiencing inequality in parenting when one holds egalitarian values and raising a child in a country characterized by a high level of gender equality in other areas, increases mothers’ psychological distress in the specific area of parenting. Multilevel modeling analyses computed among 11,538 mothers from 40 countries confirmed this prediction: high egalitarian values at the individual level and high gender equality at the societal level are associated with higher burnout levels in mothers. The associations hold beyond differences in sociodemographic characteristics at the individual level and beyond economic disparities at the societal level. These findings show the importance of egalitarian values and gender equality and their paradoxical effect when inequalities are still present in specific areas as parenting. This study reveals the crucial need to act not only at the micro level but also at the macro level to promote gender equality in parenting and prevent parental burnout.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 0022-0221 , 1552-5422
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.1177/00220221211072813
    RVK:
    CL 1000
    Language: English
    Publisher: SAGE Publications
    Publication Date: 2022
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 2021892-8
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  • 3
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Parenting Culture(s): Ideal-Parent Beliefs Across 37 Countries
    SAGE Publications ; 2023
    In:  Journal of Cross-Cultural Psychology Vol. 54, No. 1 ( 2023-01), p. 4-24
    Details
    In: Journal of Cross-Cultural Psychology, SAGE Publications, Vol. 54, No. 1 ( 2023-01), p. 4-24
    Abstract: What is it to be “an ideal parent”? Does the answer differ across countries and social classes? To answer these questions in a way that minimizes bias and ethnocentrism, we used open-ended questions to explore ideal-parent beliefs among 8,357 mothers and 3,517 fathers from 37 countries. Leximancer Semantic Network Analysis was utilized to first determine parenting culture zones (i.e., countries with shared ideal-parent beliefs) and then extract the predominant themes and concepts in each culture zone. The results yielded specific types of ideal-parent beliefs in five parenting culture zones: being “responsible and children/family-focused” for Asian parents, being “responsible and proper demeanor-focused” for African parents, and being “loving and responsible” for Hispanic-Italian parents. Although the most important themes and concepts were the same in the final two zones—being “loving and patient,” there were subtle differences: English-speaking, European Union, and Russian parents emphasized “being caring,” while French-speaking parents valued “listening” or being “present.” Ideal-parent beliefs also differed by education levels within culture zones, but no general pattern was discerned across culture zones. These findings suggest that the country in which parents were born cannot fully explain their differences in ideal-parent beliefs and that differences arising from social class or education level cannot be dismissed. Future research should consider how these differences affect the validity of the measurements in question and how they can be incorporated into parenting intervention research within and across cultures.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 0022-0221 , 1552-5422
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.1177/00220221221123043
    RVK:
    CL 1000
    Language: English
    Publisher: SAGE Publications
    Publication Date: 2023
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 2021892-8
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  • 4
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    The Crowd-Emotion-Amplification Effect
    SAGE Publications ; 2021
    In:  Psychological Science Vol. 32, No. 3 ( 2021-03), p. 437-450
    Details
    In: Psychological Science, SAGE Publications, Vol. 32, No. 3 ( 2021-03), p. 437-450
    Abstract: How do people go about reading a room or taking the temperature of a crowd? When people catch a brief glimpse of an array of faces, they can focus their attention on only some of the faces. We propose that perceivers preferentially attend to faces exhibiting strong emotions and that this generates a crowd-emotion-amplification effect—estimating a crowd’s average emotional response as more extreme than it actually is. Study 1 ( N = 50) documented the crowd-emotion-amplification effect. Study 2 ( N = 50) replicated the effect even when we increased exposure time. Study 3 ( N = 50) used eye tracking to show that attentional bias to emotional faces drives amplification. These findings have important implications for many domains in which individuals must make snap judgments regarding a crowd’s emotionality, from public speaking to controlling crowds.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 0956-7976 , 1467-9280
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.1177/0956797620970561
    Language: English
    Publisher: SAGE Publications
    Publication Date: 2021
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 2022256-7
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  • 5
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Collective Emotions
    SAGE Publications ; 2020
    In:  Current Directions in Psychological Science Vol. 29, No. 2 ( 2020-04), p. 154-160
    Details
    In: Current Directions in Psychological Science, SAGE Publications, Vol. 29, No. 2 ( 2020-04), p. 154-160
    Abstract: When analyzing situations in which multiple people are experiencing emotions together—whether the emotions are positive or negative and whether the situations are online or offline—we are intuitively drawn to the emotions of each individual in the situation. However, this type of analysis often seems incomplete. In many of the cases in which people experience emotions together, there appear to be emergent macrolevel affective processes that cannot be readily captured at the individual level. In this article, we examine these macrolevel affective phenomena, which are termed collective emotions. We open with a general review of research on collective psychological processes. We then define collective emotions and discuss their key features. Next, we focus our attention on the emergent properties of collective emotions and map them using three dimensions: quality, magnitude, and time course. Finally, we discuss pressing open questions and future directions for research on collective emotions.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 0963-7214 , 1467-8721
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.1177/0963721420901574
    Language: English
    Publisher: SAGE Publications
    Publication Date: 2020
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 2026362-4
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  • 6
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Rapid and sustained B-cell depletion with subcutaneous ofatumumab in relapsing multiple sclerosis: APLIOS, a randomized phase-2 study
    SAGE Publications ; 2022
    In:  Multiple Sclerosis Journal Vol. 28, No. 6 ( 2022-05), p. 910-924
    Details
    In: Multiple Sclerosis Journal, SAGE Publications, Vol. 28, No. 6 ( 2022-05), p. 910-924
    Abstract: Ofatumumab, the first fully human anti-CD20 monoclonal antibody, is approved in several countries for relapsing multiple sclerosis (RMS). Objective: To demonstrate the bioequivalence of ofatumumab administered by an autoinjector versus a pre-filled syringe (PFS) and to explore the effect of ofatumumab on B-cell depletion. Methods: APLIOS (NCT03560739) is a 12-week, open-label, parallel-group, phase-2 study in patients with RMS receiving subcutaneous ofatumumab 20 mg every 4 weeks (q4w) (from Week 4, after initial doses on Days 1, 7, and 14). Patients were randomized 10:10:1:1 to autoinjector or PFS in the abdomen, or autoinjector or PFS in the thigh, respectively. Bioequivalence was determined by area under the curve (AUC τ ) and maximum plasma concentration ( C max ) for Weeks 8–12. B-cell depletion and safety/tolerability were assessed. Results: A total of 256 patients contributed to the bioequivalence analyses (autoinjector-abdomen, n = 128; PFS-abdomen, n = 128). Abdominal ofatumumab pharmacokinetic exposure was bioequivalent for autoinjector and PFS (geometric mean AUC τ , 487.7 vs 474.1 h × µg/mL (ratio 1.03); C max , 1.409 vs 1.409 µg/mL (ratio 1.00)). B-cell counts (median cells/µL) depleted rapidly in all groups from 214.0 (baseline) to 2.0 (Day 14). Ofatumumab was well tolerated. Conclusion: Ofatumumab 20 mg q4w self-administered subcutaneously via autoinjector is bioequivalent to PFS administration and provides rapid B-cell depletion.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 1352-4585 , 1477-0970
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.1177/13524585211044479
    Language: English
    Publisher: SAGE Publications
    Publication Date: 2022
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 2008225-3
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  • 7
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    Online Resource
    Effect of a Perioperative Hypotension-Avoidance Strategy Versus a Hypertension-Avoidance Strategy on the Risk of Acute Kidney Injury: A Clinical Research Protocol for a Substudy of the POISE-3 Randomized Clinical Trial
    SAGE Publications ; 2022
    In:  Canadian Journal of Kidney Health and Disease Vol. 9 ( 2022-01), p. 205435812110692-
    Details
    In: Canadian Journal of Kidney Health and Disease, SAGE Publications, Vol. 9 ( 2022-01), p. 205435812110692-
    Abstract: Most patients who take antihypertensive medications continue taking them on the morning of surgery and during the perioperative period. However, growing evidence suggests this practice may contribute to perioperative hypotension and a higher risk of complications. This protocol describes an acute kidney injury substudy of the Perioperative Ischemic Evaluation-3 (POISE-3) trial, which is testing the effect of a perioperative hypotension-avoidance strategy versus a hypertension-avoidance strategy in patients undergoing noncardiac surgery. Objective: To conduct a substudy of POISE-3 to determine whether a perioperative hypotension-avoidance strategy reduces the risk of acute kidney injury compared with a hypertension-avoidance strategy. Design: Randomized clinical trial with 1:1 randomization to the intervention (a perioperative hypotension-avoidance strategy) or control (a hypertension-avoidance strategy). Intervention: If the presurgery systolic blood pressure (SBP) is 〈 130 mmHg, all antihypertensive medications are withheld on the morning of surgery. If the SBP is ≥130 mmHg, some medications (but not angiotensin receptor blockers [ACEIs], angiotensin receptor blockers [ARBs] , or renin inhibitors) may be continued in a stepwise manner. During surgery, the patients’ mean arterial pressure (MAP) is maintained at ≥80 mmHg. During the first 48 hours after surgery, some antihypertensive medications (but not ACEIs, ARBs, or renin inhibitors) may be restarted in a stepwise manner if the SBP is ≥130 mmHg. Control: Patients receive their usual antihypertensive medications before and after surgery. The patients’ MAP is maintained at ≥60 mmHg from anesthetic induction until the end of surgery. Setting: Recruitment from 108 centers in 22 countries from 2018 to 2021. Patients: Patients (~6800) aged ≥45 years having noncardiac surgery who have or are at risk of atherosclerotic disease and who routinely take antihypertensive medications. Measurements: The primary outcome of the substudy is postoperative acute kidney injury, defined as an increase in serum creatinine concentration of either ≥26.5 μmol/L (≥0.3 mg/dL) within 48 hours of randomization or ≥50% within 7 days of randomization. Methods: The primary analysis (intention-to-treat) will examine the relative risk and 95% confidence interval of acute kidney injury in the intervention versus control group. We will repeat the primary analysis using alternative definitions of acute kidney injury and examine effect modification by preexisting chronic kidney disease, defined as a prerandomization estimated glomerular filtration rate 〈 60 mL/min/1.73 m 2 . Results: Substudy results will be analyzed in 2022. Limitations: It is not possible to mask patients or providers to the intervention; however, objective measures will be used to assess acute kidney injury. Conclusions: This substudy will provide generalizable estimates of the effect of a perioperative hypotension-avoidance strategy on the risk of acute kidney injury.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 2054-3581 , 2054-3581
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.1177/20543581211069225
    Language: English
    Publisher: SAGE Publications
    Publication Date: 2022
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 2765462-X
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  • 8
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    Online Resource
    The Process Model of Group-Based Emotion : Integrating Intergroup Emotion and Emotion Regulation Perspectives
    SAGE Publications ; 2016
    In:  Personality and Social Psychology Review Vol. 20, No. 2 ( 2016-05), p. 118-141
    Details
    In: Personality and Social Psychology Review, SAGE Publications, Vol. 20, No. 2 ( 2016-05), p. 118-141
    Abstract: Scholars interested in emotion regulation have documented the different goals and strategies individuals have for regulating their emotions. However, little attention has been paid to the regulation of group-based emotions, which are based on individuals’ self-categorization as a group member and occur in response to situations perceived as relevant for that group. We propose a model for examining group-based emotion regulation that integrates intergroup emotions theory and the process model of emotion regulation. This synergy expands intergroup emotion theory by facilitating further investigation of different goals (i.e., hedonic or instrumental) and strategies (e.g., situation selection and modification strategies) used to regulate group-based emotions. It also expands emotion regulation research by emphasizing the role of self-categorization (e.g., as an individual or a group member) in the emotional process. Finally, we discuss the promise of this theoretical synergy and suggest several directions for future research on group-based emotion regulation.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 1088-8683 , 1532-7957
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.1177/1088868315581263
    Language: English
    Publisher: SAGE Publications
    Publication Date: 2016
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 2022092-3
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  • 9
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    Online Resource
    Making Intergroup Contact More Fruitful : Enhancing Cooperation Between Palestinian and Jewish-Israeli Adolescents by Fostering Beliefs About Group Malleability
    SAGE Publications ; 2017
    In:  Social Psychological and Personality Science Vol. 8, No. 1 ( 2017-01), p. 3-10
    Details
    In: Social Psychological and Personality Science, SAGE Publications, Vol. 8, No. 1 ( 2017-01), p. 3-10
    Abstract: For decades, increasing intergroup contact has been the preferred method for improving cooperation between groups. However, even proponents of this approach acknowledge that intergroup contact may not be effective in the context of intractable conflicts. One question is whether anything can be done to increase the impact of intergroup contact on cooperation. In the present study, we tested whether changing perceptions of group malleability in a pre-encounter intervention could increase the degree of cooperation during contact encounters. Jewish and Palestinian-Israeli adolescents ( N = 141) were randomly assigned either to a condition that taught that groups are malleable or to a coping, control condition. During a subsequent intergroup encounter, we used two behavioral tasks to estimate the levels of cooperation. Results indicated that relative to controls, participants in the group malleability condition showed enhanced cooperation. These findings suggest new avenues for enhancing the impact of contact in the context of intractable conflicts.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 1948-5506 , 1948-5514
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.1177/1948550616672851
    Language: English
    Publisher: SAGE Publications
    Publication Date: 2017
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 2532395-7
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