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  • 1
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    Online Resource
    Modern pollen–climate relationships in north Xinjiang, northwestern China: Implications for pollen-based reconstruction of Holocene climate
    SAGE Publications ; 2017
    In:  The Holocene Vol. 27, No. 7 ( 2017-07), p. 951-966
    Details
    In: The Holocene, SAGE Publications, Vol. 27, No. 7 ( 2017-07), p. 951-966
    Abstract: Fossil pollen records are widely used to reconstruct past climate. Such reconstructions require that the relationships between pollen assemblages, vegetation, and climate are well understood. These can be studied in present circumstances given we assume that modern vegetation and climate are analogous to past ones. In this study, we analyze pollen–vegetation–climate relationships in the Jungar desert and Altay Mountains, northwestern China, a region for which careful reconstruction of past climate is needed to answer unsolved questions on past climate in an area located at the boundary between two different climate regimes (westerlies and monsoon). We use a dataset of 66 surface pollen samples from forest, meadow, steppe, and desert vegetation and six related climate variables, T ann , T Jan , T Jul , P ann , P Jan , and P Jul . Principal components analysis, redundancy analysis, Monte Carlo permutation tests, and variation partitioning are applied to quantify these relationships. We also assess pollen ratios as indices of aridity. We find that (1) P ann is the major climatic factor influencing pollen assemblages, followed by P Jul , (2) the two variables are not correlated, and (3) the shared effect of (1) P Jan and P Jul , (2) P Jan and P ann , (3) P Jul and T ann , and (4) T ann , T Jan , and T Jul explains a larger portion of the variation in pollen data than the individual effect of each variable. Therefore, robust pollen–climate transfer functions can be developed for P ann and P Jul , and several climate variables treated in combination. Artemisia/Chenopodiaceae is a strong index of aridity and Artemisia/Gramineae might be a useful index of P ann and P Jul .
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 0959-6836 , 1477-0911
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.1177/0959683616678464
    RVK:
    RA 1000
    Language: English
    Publisher: SAGE Publications
    Publication Date: 2017
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  • 2
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    The role of tree composition in Holocene fire history of the hemiboreal and southern boreal zones of southern Sweden, as revealed by the application of the Landscape Reconstruction Algorithm: Implications for biodiversity and climate-change issues
    SAGE Publications ; 2013
    In:  The Holocene Vol. 23, No. 12 ( 2013-12), p. 1747-1763
    Details
    In: The Holocene, SAGE Publications, Vol. 23, No. 12 ( 2013-12), p. 1747-1763
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 0959-6836 , 1477-0911
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.1177/0959683613505339
    RVK:
    RA 1000
    Language: English
    Publisher: SAGE Publications
    Publication Date: 2013
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 2027956-5
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  • 3
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    Effects of land use and climate change on erosion intensity and sediment geochemistry at Lake Lehmilampi, Finland
    SAGE Publications ; 2013
    In:  The Holocene Vol. 23, No. 9 ( 2013-09), p. 1247-1259
    Details
    In: The Holocene, SAGE Publications, Vol. 23, No. 9 ( 2013-09), p. 1247-1259
    Abstract: This paper aims to evaluate the possible relationships between erosion intensity and changes in climate and land use during the past 5.5 cal. k years at Lake Lehmilampi, eastern Finland. In this study we compare a detailed geochemical sediment record with (1) forest and land use history inferred from the first pollen and charcoal records from Lake Lehmilampi, and (2) existing archaeological surveys and independent proxy-records of climate change in the study region. The physical and geochemical sediment parameters examined include grain size analysis data and 23 chemical elements, determined with four selective extractions and ICP-MS. There are indications of possible human impact in the lake catchment as early as the Neolithic period, c. 3000–2550 bc, but the first undisputable signs are dated to 1800–100 bc. Cereal pollen reappears at c. ad 1700 and increases rapidly until c. ad 1950. The Holocene Thermal Maximum, its end c. 2000 bc, and the ‘Medieval Climate Anomaly’ were major climate events that had a prominent effect on erosion intensity, while human impact was a more significant factor during the period 3000 bc–ad 800 and from ad 1500 onwards. Although signs of changes in erosion intensity found in the sediment were small in this small catchment, they were significant enough to have a clear impact on the fraction of potentially mobile element species. This fraction increases with decreasing erosion intensity, which is probably related to a higher degree of chemical weathering and leaching during periods of decreased erosion.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 0959-6836 , 1477-0911
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.1177/0959683613484615
    RVK:
    RA 1000
    Language: English
    Publisher: SAGE Publications
    Publication Date: 2013
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  • 4
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    Estimating the spatial scale of pollen dispersal in the cultural landscape of southern Sweden
    SAGE Publications ; 2005
    In:  The Holocene Vol. 15, No. 2 ( 2005-02), p. 252-262
    Details
    In: The Holocene, SAGE Publications, Vol. 15, No. 2 ( 2005-02), p. 252-262
    Abstract: The primary aim of the study was to estimate the spatial scale of pollen dispersal and deposition for pollen assemblages from moss polsters in the cultivated landscape of southern Sweden, as a mean to improve future studies of the pollen/vegetation relationship in the region, and interpretation of fossil pollen data in terms of past cultural landscapes. This can be done by estimating the ‘relevant source area of pollen’ (RSAP) defined as the area around the pollen sampling point beyond which the pollen-vegetation relationship does not improve. Forty-two sites from nonfertilized grasslands in the traditional open agricultural (Open Region) and semi-open forested (Semi-Open Region) regions of southern Sweden were selected. The vegetation survey was performed within a 1500 m radius area around the moss polsters sampling area. The extended R-value (ERV) model was used to evaluate the pollen-plant abundance relationship. The RSAP for moss polsters in the Open Region was estimated to c. 400 m from empirical data. In the Semi-Open Region, however, the likelihood function score, an indicator of the goodness-of-fit of the data to the ERV model, showed an unexpected pattern of change, making it difficult to evaluate the RSAP. Simulations using hypothetical landscapes suggest that systematic selection of sampling sites could cause this pattern. Simulations also demonstrate that the size of vegetation patches affect the RSAP, i.e., the larger the vegetation patches are, the larger the RSAP becomes. Similar RSAP for the Open and Semi-Open Regions is obtained in simulations using the same patch size, and random selection. In the actual vegetation, patch size is comparable in the two regions, which would suggest that the RSAP for moss polsters in the Semi-Open Region is c. 400 m as well.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 0959-6836 , 1477-0911
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.1191/0959683605hl790rp
    RVK:
    RA 1000
    Language: English
    Publisher: SAGE Publications
    Publication Date: 2005
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  • 5
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    Online Resource
    Early-Holocene coastal environments and climate in southeast Sweden: a reconstruction based on macrofossils from submarine deposits
    SAGE Publications ; 1994
    In:  The Holocene Vol. 4, No. 1 ( 1994-03), p. 53-68
    Details
    In: The Holocene, SAGE Publications, Vol. 4, No. 1 ( 1994-03), p. 53-68
    Abstract: Submarine organic deposits situated 0-15 m below present sea level off the southeastern Swedish coast of the Baltic Sea (Hanö Bay, 55°43'N, 14°12'E) were studied for their macrofossil content (plant, insect and mollusc remains) and radiocarbon dated. These deposits are interpreted as gyttja sediments that accumulated in shallow, elongated lakes behind beach ridges or coastal sand dunes. Coastal processes and a sea-level rise were involved in their genesis. Three distinct generations of coastal lakes (lagoons) were recognized: (1) at the end of the Yoldia Sea Stage between 9600 and 9400 BP at 15 m below present sea level; (2) during the time span 9000-8000 BP (after the Ancylus regression) between 12 and 7 m below present sea level; and (3) around 5500 BP (Litorina Sea Stage) slightly below present sea level. Pine was the dominant tree in these coastal environments until ca. 8500 BP when alder became common on waterlogged soils. The plant, insect and mollusc records suggest diverse coastal environments with a mixture of wooded and open vegetation on waterlogged or dry sandy soils, small shallow lakes, brooks and small rivers. A climate as warm as, or slightly warmer than today is inferred from the insect and mollusc data for the period ca. 9500-8000 BP. The implications of the investigation for the history of the shore displacement in south Sweden are discussed.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 0959-6836 , 1477-0911
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.1177/095968369400400107
    RVK:
    RA 1000
    Language: English
    Publisher: SAGE Publications
    Publication Date: 1994
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  • 6
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    Pollen productivity estimates for the reconstruction of past vegetation cover in the cultural landscape of southern Sweden
    SAGE Publications ; 2004
    In:  The Holocene Vol. 14, No. 3 ( 2004-04), p. 368-381
    Details
    In: The Holocene, SAGE Publications, Vol. 14, No. 3 ( 2004-04), p. 368-381
    Abstract: Pollen productivity estimates (PPE) are one of the critical parameters for a quantitative recon struction of past vegetation from fossil pollen records. Modern pollen and vegetation data were collected in traditional landscapes of southern Sweden to derive PPE for the most characteristic plant taxa. The 42 selected sites are assumed to be good analogues of historical to prehistorical grasslands. A sampling method of vegetation, designed to produce plant abundance data in different distance classes, allowed the use of distance-weighted plant abundance around the surface pollen sites. PPE for 11 herb taxa and Juniperus communis were estimated by extended R-value (ERV) models, using the distance-weighted plant abundance and surface pollen data. Results using three ERV submodels, data sets from open and semi-open landscapes, and two distance-weighting methods are generally consistent. The herb taxa analysed have higher PPE than Poaceae except Cyperaceae and Compositae (sub-family) Cichorioideae. Calluna vulgaris, Rumex acetosa type, Juniperus communis and Plantago lanceolata have the highest PPE. Most of the common tree taxa in the region produce 6–8 times as much pollen per unit area as Poaceae. The present set of PPE covers most of the common herb taxa of northwest Europe and will be useful for simu lating pollen dispersal and deposition in heterogeneous landscapes of open and forested vegetation, which will help in future research project design and in the interpretation of fossil data.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 0959-6836 , 1477-0911
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.1191/0959683604hl713rp
    RVK:
    RA 1000
    Language: English
    Publisher: SAGE Publications
    Publication Date: 2004
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 2027956-5
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  • 7
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    Modelling prehistoric land use and carbon budgets : A critical review
    SAGE Publications ; 2011
    In:  The Holocene Vol. 21, No. 5 ( 2011-08), p. 715-722
    Details
    In: The Holocene, SAGE Publications, Vol. 21, No. 5 ( 2011-08), p. 715-722
    Abstract: An evaluation of modelled estimates for C release following early land clearance at the global level based on new model assumptions suggests that earlier studies may have underestimated its magnitude, chiefly because of underestimation of the mid-Holocene global population. Alternative information sources for population and land utilisation support both a greater total CO 2 release and a greater Neolithic contribution. Indeed, we show that the quantity of terrestrial C release due to early farming, even using the most conservative assumptions, greatly exceeds the net terrestrial C release estimated by inverse modelling of ice core data by Elsig et al. (Elsig J, Schmitt J, Leuenberger D, Schneider R, Eyer M, Leuenberger M et al. (2009) Stable isotope constraints on Holocene carbon cycle changes from an Antarctic ice core. Nature 461: 507–510), though uncertainty about past global population estimates precludes calculation of a precise value.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 0959-6836 , 1477-0911
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.1177/0959683610386984
    RVK:
    RA 1000
    Language: English
    Publisher: SAGE Publications
    Publication Date: 2011
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  • 8
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    Rapid early-Holocene environmental changes in northern Sweden based on studies of two varved lake-sediment sequences
    SAGE Publications ; 2002
    In:  The Holocene Vol. 12, No. 1 ( 2002-01), p. 7-16
    Details
    In: The Holocene, SAGE Publications, Vol. 12, No. 1 ( 2002-01), p. 7-16
    Abstract: Mineral magnetic, organic carbon and pollen studies of two varved Holocene lake-sediment sequences in the boreal forest of northern Sweden indicate that signi” cant environmental changes took place between c. 6000 and 5700 bc. This interval is characterized by an increase in mineral-matter accumulation, which is a proxy for winter-snow accumulation, and a statistically signi” cant decrease in total pollen in‘ ux (predominantly Pinus, Betula and Alnus), which may re‘ ect lower spring and summer temperatures and increased frost frequency. Notable increases in the in‘ ux of deciduous tree species (including Quercus and Corylus) suggest a rapid change to warmer conditions between 5700 and 5600 bc. Given dating errors associated with the varve chronologies and the Greenland ice-core timescales, the cold interval can be considered to re‘ ect a regional (possibly global) climatic cooling, which is often referred to as the ‘8.2 kyr BP cooling event’. However, the younger age of the cold event in northern Sweden does not support the hypothesis of forcing by the sudden drainage of Laurentide glacial lakes into the North Atlantic, unless a minimal 300-year delay in ocean-atmospheric coupling is accepted. The data contribute to a complex picture of early-Holocene environmental change, in response to deglaciation of the Northern Hemisphere.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 0959-6836 , 1477-0911
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.1191/0959683602hl515rp
    RVK:
    RA 1000
    Language: English
    Publisher: SAGE Publications
    Publication Date: 2002
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 2027956-5
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  • 9
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    Online Resource
    Abrupt forest ecosystem change in SW Sweden during the late Holocene
    SAGE Publications ; 2009
    In:  The Holocene Vol. 19, No. 5 ( 2009-08), p. 691-702
    Details
    In: The Holocene, SAGE Publications, Vol. 19, No. 5 ( 2009-08), p. 691-702
    Abstract: A peat profile from a small raised bog, situated in SW Sweden, was studied for insect, pollen and charcoal analyses in order to reconstruct the late-Holocene forest history of the area. The palaeoecological records cover the last 3700 cal. years. The results were compared with archaeological data, historical documents and palaeoclimate reconstructions from the region. From 1650 cal. yr BC to AD 1310 cal. yr, the study area was characterized by deciduous woodland with a diverse invertebrate fauna. The recorded insects indicate a relatively open or mosaic forest environment with abundance of dead wood. This forest environment was probably maintained by disturbances such as cattle grazing, fire, wood coppicing and small-scale cultivation. At around AD 1310, a major and rapid change in the forest ecosystem occurred, ie, species-rich deciduous woodland was replaced by a species-poor beech forest. The data indicate that a change in land use was the likely reason for the shift in forest type. Grazing and fire ceased, while tree cutting increased. The shift in land use correlates well with political—societal changes in the region during Mediaeval time. Climate changes seem to have influenced the wetland environment, but there is no obvious correlation between major or minor shifts in forest ecosystem and reconstructed climate changes. Today, nature conservationists regard the beech forests of Halland as remains of primeval forests hosting a unique flora and fauna. Our results give new insights and challenge that view.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 0959-6836 , 1477-0911
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.1177/0959683609105293
    RVK:
    RA 1000
    Language: English
    Publisher: SAGE Publications
    Publication Date: 2009
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 2027956-5
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  • 10
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    Online Resource
    Lake-level changes and fire history at Lagunillo del Tejo (Spain) during the last millennium: Climate or humans?
    SAGE Publications ; 2012
    In:  The Holocene Vol. 22, No. 5 ( 2012-05), p. 551-560
    Details
    In: The Holocene, SAGE Publications, Vol. 22, No. 5 ( 2012-05), p. 551-560
    Abstract: Hydroclimatic variability is expected to be affected by global warming in the Mediterranean region where climate, fire and human activities are known to be interdependent. The latter is examined here for the past millennium by studying paleoenvironmental indicators from a sedimentary sequence at Lagunillo del Tejo (Cuenca, central Spain). Inferred changes in fire activity and lake levels are based on records of macrocharcoals and plant/algal macrofossils, respectively, and are compared with independent information on climate change and socio-economical transformations from historical and meteorological records. The results show that there is an obvious climatic forcing behind the lake-level changes recorded at Lagunillo del Tejo, and a good correlation between the periods of high fire activity/frequent fires and low lake level/drought conditions. The reconstructed fire regime may therefore be natural (climate-induced), but can also be explained by important socio-economical events/changes, including wars and the introduction of the Transhumance practices (ad 1273). There is a good chronological agreement between lowest fire activity and high lake levels ( c. ad 1600–1800), concurrent with the late ‘Little Ice Age’ (LIA) and the collapse of the Transhumance system. We propose that periods of drought favored both natural and human-induced fires during the ‘Medieval Climatic Anomaly’ (around ad 1200), at the start of the LIA (around ad 1400), in the middle of the LIA (sixteenth century) and during the entire nineteenth century. This record is an example of long-term interplay between climate changes and human activities and its impact on environmental changes such as fire regimes.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 0959-6836 , 1477-0911
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.1177/0959683611427337
    RVK:
    RA 1000
    Language: English
    Publisher: SAGE Publications
    Publication Date: 2012
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 2027956-5
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