GLORIA

GEOMAR Library Ocean Research Information Access

X

Your email was sent successfully. Check your inbox.

An error occurred while sending the email. Please try again.

Proceed reservation?

Export
Filter
  • SAGE Publications  (10)
  • 1
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Age and Beauty are in the Eye of the Beholder
    SAGE Publications ; 2012
    In:  Perception Vol. 41, No. 8 ( 2012-08), p. 925-938
    Details
    In: Perception, SAGE Publications, Vol. 41, No. 8 ( 2012-08), p. 925-938
    Abstract: How “old” and “attractive” an individual appears has increasingly become an individual concern leading to the utilisation of various cosmetic surgical procedures aimed at enhancing appearance. Using eyetracking, in the present study we aimed to investigate how individuals perceive age and attractiveness of younger and older faces and what “bottom-up” facial cues are used in this process. One hundred and twenty eight digital images of neutral faces of ages ranging from 20 to 89 years were paired and presented to subjects who judged age and attractiveness levels while having their eye movements recorded. There was an effect of face attractiveness on age-rating accuracy, with attractive faces being rated younger than their true age. Similarly, stimulus age affected attractiveness ratings, with younger faces being perceived as more attractive. Judgments of age and attractiveness were tightly linked to fixations on the eye region, along with the nose and mouth. It is thus likely that cosmetic surgical procedures targeted at the eyes, nose, and mouth may be most efficacious at enhancing one's physical appearance.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 0301-0066 , 1468-4233
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.1068/p7136
    Language: English
    Publisher: SAGE Publications
    Publication Date: 2012
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 2013004-1
    SSG: 5,2
    Location Call Number Limitation Availability
    BibTip Others were also interested in ...
    Online Resource
  • 2
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    How Does the Purpose of Inspection Influence the Potency of Visual Salience in Scene Perception?
    SAGE Publications ; 2007
    In:  Perception Vol. 36, No. 8 ( 2007-08), p. 1123-1138
    Details
    In: Perception, SAGE Publications, Vol. 36, No. 8 ( 2007-08), p. 1123-1138
    Abstract: Salience-map models have been taken to suggest that the locations of eye fixations are determined by the extent of the low-level discontinuities in an image. While such models have found some support, an increasing emphasis on the task viewers are performing implies that these models must combine with cognitive demands to describe how the eyes are guided efficiently. An experiment is reported in which eye movements to objects in photographs were examined while viewers performed a memory-encoding task or one of two search tasks. The objects depicted in the scenes had known salience ranks according to a popular model. Participants fixated higher-salience objects sooner and more often than lower-salience objects, but only when memorising scenes. This difference shows that salience-map models provide useful predictions even in complex scenes and late in viewing. However, salience had no effects when searching for a target defined by category or exemplar. The results suggest that salience maps are not used to guide the eyes in these tasks, that cognitive override by task demands can be total, and that modelling top – down search is important but may not be easily accomplished within a salience-map framework.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 0301-0066 , 1468-4233
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.1068/p5659
    Language: English
    Publisher: SAGE Publications
    Publication Date: 2007
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 2013004-1
    SSG: 5,2
    Location Call Number Limitation Availability
    BibTip Others were also interested in ...
    Online Resource
  • 3
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Eye-tracking Social Desirability Bias
    SAGE Publications ; 2016
    In:  Bulletin of Sociological Methodology/Bulletin de Méthodologie Sociologique Vol. 130, No. 1 ( 2016-04), p. 73-89
    Details
    In: Bulletin of Sociological Methodology/Bulletin de Méthodologie Sociologique, SAGE Publications, Vol. 130, No. 1 ( 2016-04), p. 73-89
    Abstract: Eye tracking is now a common technique studying the moment-by-moment cognition of those processing visual information. Yet this technique has rarely been applied to different survey modes. Our paper uses an innovative method of real-world eye tracking to look at attention to sensitive questions and response scale points, in Web, face-to-face and paper-and-pencil self-administered (SAQ) modes. We link gaze duration to responses in order to understand how respondents arrive at socially desirable or undesirable answers. Our novel technique sheds light on how social desirability biases arise from deliberate misreporting and/or satisficing, and how these vary across modes.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 0759-1063 , 2070-2779
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.1177/0759106315627591
    Language: English
    Publisher: SAGE Publications
    Publication Date: 2016
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 2508137-8
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 2266043-4
    SSG: 3,4
    Location Call Number Limitation Availability
    BibTip Others were also interested in ...
    Online Resource
  • 4
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Understanding the Effect of Information Presentation Order and Orientation on Information Search and Treatment Evaluation
    SAGE Publications ; 2018
    In:  Medical Decision Making Vol. 38, No. 6 ( 2018-08), p. 646-657
    Details
    In: Medical Decision Making, SAGE Publications, Vol. 38, No. 6 ( 2018-08), p. 646-657
    Abstract: Background. Past research finds that treatment evaluations are more negative when risks are presented after benefits. This study investigates this order effect: manipulating tabular orientation and order of risk–benefit information, and examining information search order and gaze duration via eye-tracking. Design. 108 (Study 1) and 44 (Study 2) participants viewed information about treatment risks and benefits, in either a horizontal (left-right) or vertical (above-below) orientation, with the benefits or risks presented first (left side or at top). For 4 scenarios, participants answered 6 treatment evaluation questions (1–7 scales) that were combined into overall evaluation scores. In addition, Study 2 collected eye-tracking data during the benefit–risk presentation. Results. Participants tended to read one set of information (i.e., all risks or all benefits) before transitioning to the other. Analysis of order of fixations showed this tendency was stronger in the vertical (standardized mean rank difference further from 0, M = ± .88) than horizontal orientation ( M = ± 0.71). Approximately 50% of the time was spent reading benefits when benefits were shown first, but this was reduced to ~40% when risks were presented first (regression coefficient: B = −4.52, p 〈 .001). Eye-tracking measures did not strongly predict treatment evaluations, although time percentage reading benefits positively predicted evaluation when holding other variables constant ( B = 0.02, p = .023). Conclusion. These results highlight the impact of seemingly arbitrary design choices on inspection order. For instance, presenting risks where they will be seen first leads to relatively less time spent considering treatment benefits. Other research suggests these changes to inspection order can influence multi-option and multi-attribute choices, and represent an area for future research.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 0272-989X , 1552-681X
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.1177/0272989X18785356
    Language: English
    Publisher: SAGE Publications
    Publication Date: 2018
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 2040405-0
    Location Call Number Limitation Availability
    BibTip Others were also interested in ...
    Online Resource
  • 5
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Look at My Poster! Active Gaze, Preference and Memory during a Poster Session
    SAGE Publications ; 2011
    In:  Perception Vol. 40, No. 11 ( 2011-11), p. 1387-1389
    Details
    In: Perception, SAGE Publications, Vol. 40, No. 11 ( 2011-11), p. 1387-1389
    Abstract: In science, as in advertising, people often present information on a poster, yet little is known about attention during a poster session. A mobile eye-tracker was used to record participants' gaze during a mock poster session featuring a range of academic psychology posters. Participants spent the most time looking at introductions and conclusions. Larger posters were looked at for longer, as were posters rated more interesting (but not necessarily more aesthetically pleasing). Interestingly, gaze did not correlate with memory for poster details or liking, suggesting that attracting someone towards your poster may not be enough.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 0301-0066 , 1468-4233
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.1068/p7015
    Language: English
    Publisher: SAGE Publications
    Publication Date: 2011
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 2013004-1
    SSG: 5,2
    Location Call Number Limitation Availability
    BibTip Others were also interested in ...
    Online Resource
  • 6
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Optimal and Preferred Eye Landing Positions in Objects and Scenes
    SAGE Publications ; 2013
    In:  Quarterly Journal of Experimental Psychology Vol. 66, No. 9 ( 2013-09), p. 1707-1728
    Details
    In: Quarterly Journal of Experimental Psychology, SAGE Publications, Vol. 66, No. 9 ( 2013-09), p. 1707-1728
    Abstract: Viewing position effects are commonly observed in reading, but they have only rarely been investigated in object perception or in the realistic context of a natural scene. In two experiments, we explored where people fixate within photorealistic objects and the effects of this landing position on recognition and subsequent eye movements. The results demonstrate an optimal viewing position—objects are processed more quickly when fixation is in the centre of the object. Viewers also prefer to saccade to the centre of objects within a natural scene, even when making a large saccade. A central landing position is associated with an increased likelihood of making a refixation, a result that differs from previous reports and suggests that multiple fixations within objects, within scenes, occur for a range of reasons. These results suggest that eye movements within scenes are systematic and are made with reference to an early parsing of the scene into constituent objects.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 1747-0218 , 1747-0226
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.1080/17470218.2012.762798
    Language: English
    Publisher: SAGE Publications
    Publication Date: 2013
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 2225936-3
    SSG: 5,2
    Location Call Number Limitation Availability
    BibTip Others were also interested in ...
    Online Resource
  • 7
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Do cognitive load and ADHD traits affect the tendency to prioritise social information in scenes?
    SAGE Publications ; 2022
    In:  Quarterly Journal of Experimental Psychology Vol. 75, No. 10 ( 2022-10), p. 1904-1918
    Details
    In: Quarterly Journal of Experimental Psychology, SAGE Publications, Vol. 75, No. 10 ( 2022-10), p. 1904-1918
    Abstract: We report two experiments investigating the effect of working memory (WM) load on selective attention. Experiment 1 was a modified version of Lavie et al. and confirmed that increasing memory load disrupted performance in the classic flanker task. Experiment 2 used the same manipulation of WM load to probe attention during the viewing of complex scenes while also investigating individual differences in attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) traits. In the image-viewing task, we measured the degree to which fixations targeted each of two crucial objects: (1) a social object (a person in the scene) and (2) a non-social object of higher or lower physical salience. We compared the extent to which increasing WM load would change the pattern of viewing of the physically salient and socially salient objects. If attending to the social item requires greater default voluntary top-down resources, then the viewing of social objects should show stronger modulation by WM load compared with viewing of physically salient objects. The results showed that the social object was fixated to a greater degree than the other object (regardless of physical salience). Increased salience drew fixations away from the background leading to slightly increased fixations on the non-social object, without changing fixations on the social object. Increased levels of ADHD-like traits were associated with fewer fixations on the social object, but only in the high-salient, low-load condition. Importantly, WM load did not affect the number of fixations on the social object. Such findings suggest rather surprisingly that attending to a social area in complex stimuli is not dependent on the availability of voluntary top-down resources.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 1747-0218 , 1747-0226
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.1177/17470218211066475
    Language: English
    Publisher: SAGE Publications
    Publication Date: 2022
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 2225936-3
    SSG: 5,2
    Location Call Number Limitation Availability
    BibTip Others were also interested in ...
    Online Resource
  • 8
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Visual saliency and semantic incongruency influence eye movements when inspecting pictures
    SAGE Publications ; 2006
    In:  Quarterly Journal of Experimental Psychology Vol. 59, No. 11 ( 2006-11), p. 1931-1949
    Details
    In: Quarterly Journal of Experimental Psychology, SAGE Publications, Vol. 59, No. 11 ( 2006-11), p. 1931-1949
    Abstract: Models of low-level saliency predict that when we first look at a photograph our first few eye movements should be made towards visually conspicuous objects. Two experiments investigated this prediction by recording eye fixations while viewers inspected pictures of room interiors that contained objects with known saliency characteristics. Highly salient objects did attract fixations earlier than less conspicuous objects, but only in a task requiring general encoding of the whole picture. When participants were required to detect the presence of a small target, then the visual saliency of nontarget objects did not influence fixations. These results support modifications of the model that take the cognitive override of saliency into account by allowing task demands to reduce the saliency weights of task-irrelevant objects. The pictures sometimes contained incongruent objects that were taken from other rooms. These objects were used to test the hypothesis that previous reports of the early fixation of congruent objects have not been consistent because the effect depends upon the visual conspicuity of the incongruent object. There was an effect of incongruency in both experiments, with earlier fixation of objects that violated the gist of the scene, but the effect was only apparent for inconspicuous objects, which argues against the hypothesis.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 1747-0218 , 1747-0226
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.1080/17470210500416342
    Language: English
    Publisher: SAGE Publications
    Publication Date: 2006
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 2225936-3
    SSG: 5,2
    Location Call Number Limitation Availability
    BibTip Others were also interested in ...
    Online Resource
  • 9
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Short article: Does conspicuity enhance distraction? Saliency and eye landing position when searching for objects
    SAGE Publications ; 2009
    In:  Quarterly Journal of Experimental Psychology Vol. 62, No. 6 ( 2009-06), p. 1088-1098
    Details
    In: Quarterly Journal of Experimental Psychology, SAGE Publications, Vol. 62, No. 6 ( 2009-06), p. 1088-1098
    Abstract: While visual saliency may sometimes capture attention, the guidance of eye movements in search is often dominated by knowledge of the target. How is the search for an object influenced by the saliency of an adjacent distractor? Participants searched for a target amongst an array of objects, with distractor saliency having an effect on response time and on the speed at which targets were found. Saliency did not predict the order in which objects in target-absent trials were fixated. The within-target landing position was distributed around a modal position close to the centre of the object. Saliency did not affect this position, the latency of the initial saccade, or the likelihood of the distractor being fixated, suggesting that saliency affects the allocation of covert attention and not just eye movements.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 1747-0218 , 1747-0226
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.1080/17470210802602433
    Language: English
    Publisher: SAGE Publications
    Publication Date: 2009
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 2225936-3
    SSG: 5,2
    Location Call Number Limitation Availability
    BibTip Others were also interested in ...
    Online Resource
  • 10
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Where Have Eye Been? Observers Can Recognise Their Own Fixations
    SAGE Publications ; 2013
    In:  Perception Vol. 42, No. 10 ( 2013-10), p. 1085-1089
    Details
    In: Perception, SAGE Publications, Vol. 42, No. 10 ( 2013-10), p. 1085-1089
    Abstract: We are often not explicitly aware of the location of our spatial attention, despite its influence on our perception and cognition. During a picture memory task, we asked whether people could later recognise their eye fixations in a two-alternative test. In three separate experiments, participants performed above chance when discriminating their own fixation patterns from random locations or locations fixated in a different image. Recognition was much poorer when the task was to spot your own versus someone else's fixations on the same stimulus, but performance remained better than chance. That we are sensitive to our own scan patterns has implications for perception, memory, and meta-cognition.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 0301-0066 , 1468-4233
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.1068/p7562
    Language: English
    Publisher: SAGE Publications
    Publication Date: 2013
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 2013004-1
    SSG: 5,2
    Location Call Number Limitation Availability
    BibTip Others were also interested in ...
    Online Resource
Close ⊗
This website uses cookies and the analysis tool Matomo. More information can be found here...