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  • 1
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    Online Resource
    Juror Perceptions of Intoxicated Suspects’ Interrogation-Related Behaviors
    SAGE Publications ; 2020
    In:  Criminal Justice and Behavior Vol. 47, No. 2 ( 2020-02), p. 222-246
    Details
    In: Criminal Justice and Behavior, SAGE Publications, Vol. 47, No. 2 ( 2020-02), p. 222-246
    Abstract: Alcohol-intoxicated suspects’ confessions are admissible in U.S. courts; however, it is unknown how jurors evaluate such confessions. Study 1 assessed potential jurors’ perceptions of intoxication in interrogative contexts. Many respondents were unaware that questioning intoxicated suspects and presenting subsequent confessions in court are legal, and respondents generally reported they would rely less on intoxicated than sober confessions. In Study 2, potential jurors read a case about a defendant who had confessed or not while sober or intoxicated. Participants who read about an intoxicated defendant perceived the interrogation as more inappropriate and the defendant as more cognitively impaired than did participants who read about a sober defendant, and as a result, they were less likely to convict. Furthermore, intoxicated confessions influenced conviction decisions to a lesser extent than did sober confessions. Findings suggest that investigators might consider abstaining from interrogating intoxicated suspects or else risk jurors finding confessions unconvincing in court.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 0093-8548 , 1552-3594
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.1177/0093854819888962
    Language: English
    Publisher: SAGE Publications
    Publication Date: 2020
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  • 2
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    Hemiarthroplasty or total elbow arthroplasty for unreconstructible distal humeral fractures in the elderly (hot elbow): A feasibility study
    SAGE Publications ; 2024
    In:  Shoulder & Elbow
    Details
    In: Shoulder & Elbow, SAGE Publications
    Abstract: This feasibility trial aims to assess the practicality of, and obtain preliminary data to inform, a definitive randomised controlled trial (RCT) of total elbow arthroplasty (TEA) versus distal humeral hemiarthroplasty (HA) in patients over the age of 65 years with unreconstructible distal humeral fractures (DHF). 17 patients met the inclusion criteria during the 18-month recruitment period from December 2020 until June 2022, and 15 (88%) consented to be randomised (recruitment rate: 0.7/month). Two patients withdrew from the study prior to surgery leaving 13 patients for analysis (retention rate: 87%). Seven patients were randomised to TEA and six patients to HA. 100% of patients were available for 12-month follow-up. A 10-point difference in favour of HA in DASH (44.5 vs. 54.2) and OES (31.6 vs. 21.3) was seen during 6-week follow-up, while no difference in patient-reported outcome measures was seen at 3- or 12-month follow-up. This study demonstrates feasibility of undertaking an RCT of TEA versus HA in patients over the age of 65 with unreconstructible DHF. Preliminary data corroborate with the ongoing clinical equipoise and support the requirement for a larger adequately powered RCT. This trial is registered in the US Clinical Trials Registry (https://clinicaltrials.gov/study/NCT04646798?cond=distal%20humeral%20fracture & rank=6) Clinical Trial ID: NCT04646798.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 1758-5732 , 1758-5740
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.1177/17585732241244722
    Language: English
    Publisher: SAGE Publications
    Publication Date: 2024
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  • 3
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    Lifting limitations following elbow arthroplasty: A survey of British Elbow and Shoulder Society members
    SAGE Publications ; 2023
    In:  Shoulder & Elbow
    Details
    In: Shoulder & Elbow, SAGE Publications
    Abstract: The primary aim of this survey was to capture current practice with regard to lifting limitations following elbow arthroplasty. An online survey was emailed to all members of the British Elbow and Shoulder Society. All consultant respondents who reported performing elbow arthroplasty were asked about their advice for post-operative lifting limitations. In total, 115 surveys were completed: 55 consultants reported performing linked total elbow arthroplasty, 18 reported performing unlinked total elbow arthroplasty and 44 reported performing distal humeral hemiarthroplasty. The majority of elbow consultants advise a lifelong lifting limitation following linked and unlinked total elbow arthroplasty (78% and 61% respectively). There was variation in the weight specified for lifelong lifting limitations, the median weight restriction in linked total elbow arthroplasty was 5 lb, and in unlinked total elbow arthroplasty was 10 lb (range 1−20 lb). In total, 13% of consultants performing linked total elbow arthroplasty and 33% of consultants performing unlinked total elbow arthroplasty do not advise any lifelong lifting limitations post-operatively. In a perceived attempt to prolong implant longevity, most surgeons recommend lifelong lifting limitations following total elbow arthroplasty. There is variation in the weight restriction advised by consultant elbow surgeons. Currently the optimal weight restriction to maximise implant longevity is not known and further work needs to be done to understand the true relationship between activity, loading and implant failure.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 1758-5732 , 1758-5740
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.1177/17585732231170292
    Language: English
    Publisher: SAGE Publications
    Publication Date: 2023
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  • 4
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    Patient-centred outcomes in lateral elbow tendinopathy: A systematic review of available evidence in UK populations
    SAGE Publications ; 2019
    In:  Shoulder & Elbow Vol. 11, No. 6 ( 2019-12), p. 440-449
    Details
    In: Shoulder & Elbow, SAGE Publications, Vol. 11, No. 6 ( 2019-12), p. 440-449
    Abstract: For Patient-Reported Outcome Measures to be useful, they must have evidenced reliability, validity and responsiveness in both the condition and population of interest. The aim of this study is to systematically review the evidence for Patient-Reported Outcome Measures in UK patients with lateral elbow tendinopathy. Methods A systematic search was performed in Ovid MEDLINE, Embase and CINAHL. Studies were included if reporting administration of Patient-Reported Outcome Measures in UK populations with lateral elbow tendinopathy. Patient-Reported Outcome Measures characteristics and target populations were assessed using a structured classification system. Patient-Reported Outcome Measures reporting in randomised controlled trials was assessed against Consolidated Standards of Reporting Trials (CONSORT) standards (Patient-Reported Outcome extension). Results A total of 16 articles were included. Out of seven different Patient-Reported Outcome Measures, there was evidence of partial validation for five. The assessment of validity, reliability and responsiveness of all Patient-Reported Outcome Measures in lateral elbow tendinopathy UK populations extended to just 20 individual patients. No articles conformed to the CONSORT Patient-Reported Outcome extension standards. Conclusion There exists a paucity of data on the psychometrics of Patient-Reported Outcome Measures in UK lateral elbow tendinopathy populations. Without these data, trial design and interpretation are significantly hindered. The high prevalence of this condition and significant volume of studies being conducted into novel treatments highlight the need for this knowledge gap to be resolved.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 1758-5732 , 1758-5740
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.1177/1758573218791164
    Language: English
    Publisher: SAGE Publications
    Publication Date: 2019
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  • 5
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    A systematic review of the complications of contemporary total elbow arthroplasty
    SAGE Publications ; 2021
    In:  Shoulder & Elbow Vol. 13, No. 5 ( 2021-10), p. 544-551
    Details
    In: Shoulder & Elbow, SAGE Publications, Vol. 13, No. 5 ( 2021-10), p. 544-551
    Abstract: Total elbow arthroplasty is a low volume procedure. We aimed to evaluate complication rates and cumulative percentages associated with the most frequently used contemporary implants and for the commonest indications. Methods A systematic literature search of all studies reporting complications following total elbow arthroplasty with 12-month minimum follow-up was undertaken. Quality of studies was assessed with the Methodological-Index-for-Non-Randomised-studies criteria. British NJR data identified the most common UK prostheses and indications. The complication rates for all undesirable events contributing to patient outcome were extracted and cumulative percentages were calculated. Results One hundred seventeen studies were screened, 12 studies included, totalling 815 procedures. Mean follow-up was 3.8 years. The overall complication cumulative percentage was 60.7%, significantly higher than that seen in other joint arthroplasty, including a 6.5% deep infection rate. Nerve injury was comparable between implants at around 4.1%. Radiographic loosening had a cumulative rate of 17.2%. Revision for symptomatic aseptic loosening was 6.3%. Conclusions This is the largest systematic review of the complications of total elbow arthroplasty. Surgeons should be aware of differing complications related to their implant of choice, each having its own specific complication. Trauma as an indication appears to have an increased complication rates compared to inflammatory arthropathy. There is a lack of literature regarding the independent results of osteoarthritis as a specific indication for total elbow arthroplasty.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 1758-5732 , 1758-5740
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.1177/1758573220905629
    Language: English
    Publisher: SAGE Publications
    Publication Date: 2021
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  • 6
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    RETRACTED: A systematic review of the complications of contemporary total elbow arthroplasty
    SAGE Publications ; 2019
    In:  Shoulder & Elbow Vol. 11, No. 6 ( 2019-12), p. NP2-NP9
    Details
    In: Shoulder & Elbow, SAGE Publications, Vol. 11, No. 6 ( 2019-12), p. NP2-NP9
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 1758-5732 , 1758-5740
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.1177/1758573219834934
    Language: English
    Publisher: SAGE Publications
    Publication Date: 2019
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  • 7
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    Does the triceps-on approach affect alignment in total elbow arthroplasty? A cadaveric study
    SAGE Publications ; 2019
    In:  Shoulder & Elbow Vol. 11, No. 5 ( 2019-10), p. 372-377
    Details
    In: Shoulder & Elbow, SAGE Publications, Vol. 11, No. 5 ( 2019-10), p. 372-377
    Abstract: The triceps-on approach for total elbow arthroplasty has gained popularity due to the theoretical benefit of preserving the extensor mechanism. However, there is concern that the exposure may be reduced in comparison to a triceps-off approach and may affect the implant alignment achieved. Method Total elbow arthroplasties were implanted in 18 randomised, paired cadaveric elbows using the triceps-on or triceps-off approach. The bones were dissected out and the position of the implants measured relative to anatomical landmarks. The flexion/extension and varus/valgus angles, and the distance of centre of rotation from the anatomic centre of rotation in the sagittal plane for both components were obtained as well as the humeral component rotation relative to the transepicondylar axis. Results All humeral components were positioned in external rotation and all ulna components were placed in flexion. Seven components were positioned greater than 5° away from the ideal in one measurement, with no significant difference between the two approach groups. Discussion This unique study showed no significant difference in the alignment of the implants between the two approaches. These results support the theory that the triceps-on approach does not result in larger alignment errors in component positioning when performing total elbow arthroplasty.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 1758-5732 , 1758-5740
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.1177/1758573218776977
    Language: English
    Publisher: SAGE Publications
    Publication Date: 2019
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  • 8
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    Development of an orthotopic syngeneic murine model of colorectal cancer for use in translational research
    SAGE Publications ; 2019
    In:  Laboratory Animals Vol. 53, No. 6 ( 2019-12), p. 598-609
    Details
    In: Laboratory Animals, SAGE Publications, Vol. 53, No. 6 ( 2019-12), p. 598-609
    Abstract: Improving outcomes in colorectal cancer requires more accurate in vivo modelling of the disease in humans, allowing more reliable pre-clinical assessment of potential therapies. Novel imaging techniques are necessary to improve the longitudinal assessment of disease burden in these models, reducing the number of animals required for translational studies. This report describes the development of an immune-competent syngeneic orthotopic murine model of colorectal cancer, utilising caecal implantation of CT26 cells stably transfected with the luciferase gene into immune-competent BALB/c mice, allowing serial bioluminescent imaging of cancer progression. Luminescence in the stably transfected CT26 cell line, after pre-conditioning in the flank of a BALB/c mouse, accurately reflected cell viability and resulted in primary caecal tumours in five of eight (63%) mice in the initial pilot study following caecal injection. Luminescent signal continued to increase throughout the study period with one mouse (20%) developing a liver metastasis. Histopathological assessment confirmed tumours to be consistent with a poorly differentiated adenocarcinoma. We have now performed this technique in 68 immune-competent BALB/c mice. There have been no complications from the procedure or peri-operative deaths, with primary tumours developing in 44 (65%) mice and liver metastases in nine (20%) of these. This technique provides an accurate model of colorectal cancer with tumours developing in the correct microenvironment and metastasising to the liver with a similar frequency to that seen in patients presenting with colorectal cancer, with serial bioluminescent reducing the murine numbers required in studies by removing the need for cull for assessment of disease burden.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 0023-6772 , 1758-1117
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.1177/0023677219826165
    Language: English
    Publisher: SAGE Publications
    Publication Date: 2019
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  • 9
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    Characterization, Biomarkers, and Reversibility of a Monoclonal Antibody-induced Immune Complex Disease in Cynomolgus Monkeys ( Macaca fascicularis )
    SAGE Publications ; 2014
    In:  Toxicologic Pathology Vol. 42, No. 4 ( 2014-06), p. 765-773
    Details
    In: Toxicologic Pathology, SAGE Publications, Vol. 42, No. 4 ( 2014-06), p. 765-773
    Abstract: Two 6-month repeat-dose toxicity studies in cynomolgus monkeys illustrated immune complex–mediated adverse findings in individual monkeys and identified parameters that potentially signal the onset of immune complex–mediated reactions following administration of RN6G, a monoclonal antibody (mAb). In the first study, 3 monkeys exhibited nondose-dependent severe clinical signs accompanied by decreased erythrocytes with increased reticulocytes, neutrophilia, monocytosis, thrombocytopenia, coagulopathy, decreased albumin, azotemia, and increased serum levels of activated complement products, prompting unscheduled euthanasia. Histologically, immunohistochemical localization of RN6G was associated with monkey immunoglobulin and complement components in glomeruli and other tissues, attributable to immune complex disease (ICD). All 3 animals also had anti-RN6G antibodies and decreased plasma levels of RN6G. Subsequently, an investigational study was designed and conducted with regulatory agency input to detect early onset of ICD and assess reversibility to support further clinical development. Dosing of individual animals ceased when biomarkers of ICD indicated adverse findings. Of the 12 monkeys, 1 developed anti-RN6G antibodies and decreased RN6G exposure that preceded elevations in complement products, interleukin-6, and coagulation parameters and decreases in albumin and fibrinogen. All findings in this monkey, except for antidrug antibody (ADA), reversed after cessation of dosing without progressing to adverse sequelae typically associated with ICD.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 0192-6233 , 1533-1601
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.1177/0192623314522559
    Language: English
    Publisher: SAGE Publications
    Publication Date: 2014
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  • 10
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    Intimate Partner Violence at a Level-1 Trauma Center During the COVID-19 Pandemic: An Interrupted Time Series Analysis
    SAGE Publications ; 2022
    In:  The American Surgeon Vol. 88, No. 7 ( 2022-07), p. 1551-1553
    Details
    In: The American Surgeon, SAGE Publications, Vol. 88, No. 7 ( 2022-07), p. 1551-1553
    Abstract: Risks of intimate partner violence (IPV) escalated during the COVID-19 pandemic given mitigation measures, socioeconomic hardships, and isolation concerns. The objective of this study was to explore the impact of COVID-19 on the incidence of IPV. We conducted an interrupted time series analysis for IPV incidence at a single level 1 trauma center located in the United States. IPV cases were identified by triangulation of institutional data sources. There were 4,624 traumatic injuries of which 292 (6.3%) were due to IPV. IPV-related injury admissions increased 17% in the weeks following the COVID lockdown (RR = 1.17; 95% CI: 1.16, 1.19). Over a quarter of victims (27.4%) were male. Compared to before COVID, victims of IPV during the pandemic were younger (p = .04); no difference in mechanism or severity of injury was found. Our results suggest an ongoing need for universal IPV screening during health emergencies to avoid missed opportunities for IPV detection and referral to support services.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 0003-1348 , 1555-9823
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.1177/00031348221083939
    Language: English
    Publisher: SAGE Publications
    Publication Date: 2022
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