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  • 1
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    The Response of the Nasal Airway, Middle Ear, and Eustachian Tube to Experimental Rhinovirus Infection
    SAGE Publications ; 1988
    In:  American Journal of Rhinology Vol. 2, No. 4 ( 1988-09), p. 149-154
    Details
    In: American Journal of Rhinology, SAGE Publications, Vol. 2, No. 4 ( 1988-09), p. 149-154
    Abstract: This paper describes the longitudinal changes in nasal patency, mucociliary clearance rate, eustachian tube function, and middle ear pressure in a group of 40 volunteers infected with rhinovirus type 39. Thirty-two (80%) of the volunteers were judged to have had a cold based on the modified Jackson criteria. Common symptoms included malaise, nasal congestion, rhinorrhea, and sneezing that began on the day after challenge and peaked in intensity on days 3–5. Nasal patency evaluated by active posterior rhinomanometry and mucociliary clearance rate evaluated by the dyed sacharrin technique were significantly decreased following challenge. For nasal patency the effect was primarily limited to days 2–8 postchallenge, while abnormalities in clearance rate were documented for as long as 18 days postchallenge. A 50% increased incidence of abnormal eustachian tube function and a 30% increased incidence of abnormal middle ear pressures were observed for days 2–7 postchallenge with a gradual return to baseline by day 16. For mucociliary clearance, eustachian tube function, and middle ear pressure, but not nasal patency, these abnormalities were more pronounced in patients with a symptomatic cold. These results show that changes in nasal physiology resulting from a rhinovirus infection can be objectively quantified and that the resulting pathophysiology extends to anatomically contiguous structures such as the eustachian tube and middle ear.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 1050-6586 , 1539-6290
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.2500/105065888781692961
    RVK:
    XA 20278
    Language: English
    Publisher: SAGE Publications
    Publication Date: 1988
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  • 2
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Therapeutic Effects of an Anticholinergic-Sympathomimetic Combination in Induced Rhinovirus Colds
    SAGE Publications ; 1993
    In:  Annals of Otology, Rhinology & Laryngology Vol. 102, No. 7 ( 1993-07), p. 521-527
    Details
    In: Annals of Otology, Rhinology & Laryngology, SAGE Publications, Vol. 102, No. 7 ( 1993-07), p. 521-527
    Abstract: This study's objective was to determine if the combination of pseudoephedrine hydrochloride and atropine sulfate attenuates the symptomatic and pathophysiologic response of individuals to experimental rhinovirus infection when given after illness begins. Forty-three susceptible adult volunteers were challenged with rhinovirus type 39 and randomly assigned to 1 of 2 treatment groups. Twenty-one subjects were treated with the active medication (0.3 mg atropine sulfate and 60 mg pseudoephedrine) and 22 subjects were treated with inert capsules identical in appearance. Treatments were administered 4 times daily beginning approximately 24 hours after rhinovirus challenge and extending for 5 days. Before challenge and on each of 5 treatment days, all volunteers were asked to rate symptom severity and were evaluated for secretion production (weighed tissues), nasal patency (active posterior rhinomanometry), nasal clearance (dyed saccharin technique), eustachian tube function (9-step test), and middle ear status (tympanometry). Twenty subjects in each group were infected with rhinovirus type 39 and were included in the efficacy analysis. Between-group comparisons showed no significant differences in total symptom scores, combined nasal symptom score, secretion production, or the frequencies of persons with eustachian tube obstruction or abnormal middle ear pressures. However, an objective measure of nasal congestion was significantly lower in the active treatment group. The nasal mucociliary clearance rate was significantly more impaired in that group. Side effects consistent with anticholinergic activity were reported more frequently in the active treatment group.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 0003-4894 , 1943-572X
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.1177/000348949310200706
    Language: English
    Publisher: SAGE Publications
    Publication Date: 1993
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 2033055-8
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  • 3
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Correlation between acute ischaemic stroke clot length before mechanical thrombectomy and extracted clot area: Impact of thrombus size on number of passes for clot removal and final recanalization
    SAGE Publications ; 2021
    In:  European Stroke Journal Vol. 6, No. 3 ( 2021-09), p. 254-261
    Details
    In: European Stroke Journal, SAGE Publications, Vol. 6, No. 3 ( 2021-09), p. 254-261
    Abstract: We assessed the correlation between thrombus size before and after mechanical thrombectomy, measured as length by Computed Tomography Angiography/Non-Contrast Computed Tomography (CTA/NCCT) and Extracted Clot Area, ECA, respectively. We also assessed the influence of thrombus size on the number of passes required for clot removal and final recanalization outcome. Materials and methods Acute ischaemic stroke (AIS) thrombi retrieved by mechanical thrombectomy from 500 patients and data of clot length by CTA/NCCT were collected from three hospitals in Europe. ECA was obtained by measuring the area of the extracted clot. Non-parametric tests were used for data analysis. Results A strong positive correlation was found between clot length on CTA/NCCT and ECA (rho = 0.619,N = 500,P  〈  0.0001*). Vessel size influences clot length on CTA/NCCT (H2 = 98.6, P  〈  0.0001*) and ECA (H2 = 105.6,P  〈  0.0001*), but the significant correlation between CTA/NCCT length and ECA was evident in all vessels. Poorer revascularisation outcome was associated with more passes (H5 = 73.1, P  〈  0.0001*). More passes were required to remove longer clots (CTA/NCCT; H4 = 31.4, P  〈  0.0001*; ECA; H4 = 50.2, P  〈  0.0001*). There was no significant main association between recanalization outcome and length on CTA/NCCT or ECA, but medium sized clots (ECA 20–40 mm 2 ) were associated with least passes and highest revascularisation outcome (N = 500, X 2  = 16.2, P  〈  0.0001*). Conclusion Clot length on CTA/NCCT strongly correlates with ECA. Occlusion location influences clot size. More passes are associated with poorer revascularisation outcome and bigger clots. The relationship between size and revascularisation outcome is more complex. Clots of medium ECA take less passes to remove and are associated with better recanalization outcome than both smaller and larger clots.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 2396-9873 , 2396-9881
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.1177/23969873211024777
    Language: English
    Publisher: SAGE Publications
    Publication Date: 2021
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 2851287-X
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