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  • 1
    In: Cephalalgia, SAGE Publications, Vol. 42, No. 14 ( 2022-12), p. 1450-1466
    Abstract: In 1995, a committee of the International Headache Society developed and published the first edition of the Guidelines for Controlled Trials of Drugs in Cluster Headache. These have not been revised. With the emergence of new medications, neuromodulation devices and trial designs, an updated version of the International Headache Society Guidelines for Controlled Clinical Trials in Cluster Headache is warranted. Given the scarcity of evidence-based data for cluster headache therapies, the update is largely consensus-based, but takes into account lessons learned from recent trials and demands by patients. It is intended to apply to both drug and neuromodulation treatments, with specific proposals for the latter when needed. The primary objective is to propose a template for designing high quality, state-of-the-art, controlled clinical trials of acute and preventive treatments in episodic and chronic cluster headache. The recommendations should not be regarded as dogma and alternative solutions to particular methodological problems should be explored in the future and scientifically validated.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 0333-1024 , 1468-2982
    Language: English
    Publisher: SAGE Publications
    Publication Date: 2022
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 2019999-5
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  • 2
    In: Cephalalgia, SAGE Publications, Vol. 41, No. 2 ( 2021-02), p. 227-236
    Abstract: Previous studies have reported notable differences in demographic and clinical features of cluster headache between Western and Asian populations, including lower prevalence of the chronic type and in women. Recently, prodromal symptoms of migraine and pre-attack symptoms of cluster headache have drawn attention regarding their potential pathophysiological implications and pre-emptive treatment. However, pre-attack symptoms of cluster headache have not been studied in the Asian population. Methods A total of 136 patients with cluster headache (21 first-onset, 110 episodic, and five chronic cases) were recruited in this multi-center study between October 2018 and December 2019. We evaluated the characteristics of pre-attack symptoms in a current bout using a structured questionnaire. Univariable and multivariable logistic regression analyses were performed to evaluate the factors associated with presence of pre-attack symptoms. Results Pre-attack symptoms were reported in 71.3% of our patients with cluster headache. When present, pre-attack symptoms occurred at a median of 20 minutes (range 1–120) before the attack. The prevalence of local and painful, local and painless sensory, autonomic, and general symptoms was 58.8%, 14.7%, 11.0%, and 30.1%, respectively. Multivariable logistic regression analysis revealed that higher number of bouts was associated with higher prevalence of pre-attack symptoms (OR = 1.464, p = 0.044). Conclusions Pre-attack symptoms were frequently observed in Korean patients with cluster headache, which was consistent with previous Western studies.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 0333-1024 , 1468-2982
    Language: English
    Publisher: SAGE Publications
    Publication Date: 2021
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 2019999-5
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  • 3
    In: Cephalalgia, SAGE Publications, Vol. 39, No. 10 ( 2019-09), p. 1249-1256
    Abstract: To investigate suicidality related to cluster headache and factors associated with increased suicidality in cluster headache patients. Methods In this multicenter study, 193 cluster headache patients were recruited between September 2016 and August 2018. Patients were asked about their suicidality during and between attacks, specifically about passive suicidal ideation, active suicidal ideation, suicide plan, and suicide attempt. Univariable and multivariable logistic regression analyses were performed to evaluate the factors associated with high ictal suicidality (sum of positive response ≥ 2). Patients were followed up when they were in the between-bouts period. Results A total of 175 cluster headache patients in the in-bout period were included in this study. Passive suicidal ideation, active suicidal ideation, suicidal planning, and suicidal attempt were reported by 111 (64.2%), 62 (35.8%), 10 (5.8%), and four (2.3%) patients during attacks; seven (4.0%), six (3.5%), five (2.9%) and two (1.2%) patients interictally; and none (0%), one (1.9%), one (1.9%), and none (0%) among patients in the between-bouts period. Factors associated with high ictal suicidality were longer disease duration, the Headache Impact Test score, and the Patient Health Question-9 score (multivariable OR = 1.90 per 10-year increase in disease duration, 95% CI = 1.18–3.05, p = 0.008; multivariable OR = 3.19 per 10-point increase in HIT-6, 95% CI = 1.73–5.87, p  〈  0.001; multivariable OR = 2.11 per 10-point increase in PHQ-9, 95% CI = 1.13–3.95, p = 0.020, respectively). Conclusions Cluster headache attack carries a high suicidality compared to the interictal or between-bouts state. An intensive treatment to reduce cluster headache burden may be helpful to alleviate suicide risk in cluster headache patients.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 0333-1024 , 1468-2982
    Language: English
    Publisher: SAGE Publications
    Publication Date: 2019
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  • 4
    In: Cephalalgia, SAGE Publications, Vol. 42, No. 7 ( 2022-06), p. 570-578
    Abstract: Contrary to pre-attack symptoms before an individual cluster headache attack, little is known about the pre-cluster symptoms before the onset of cluster bouts. We previously described pre-attack symptoms before cluster headache attacks. The aim of this study was to investigate characteristics of pre-cluster symptoms in patients with episodic cluster headache. Methods In this multicentre study, 184 patients with episodic cluster headache were recruited between October 2018 and December 2020. They were interviewed by investigators and completed a structured questionnaire. To investigate pre-cluster and pre-attack symptoms, we assessed 20 symptoms and signs using the questionnaire. Results The upcoming cluster bout was predictable in 35.3% (n = 65/184) of the patients. When present, pre-cluster symptoms occurred at a median duration of 7 days (interquartile range, 2.3–14 days) before the onset of the cluster bout. Patients with pre-cluster symptoms showed a higher proportion of women, prevalence of pre-attack symptoms and seasonal rhythmicity, frequency of cluster headache attacks per day, and total number of cluster bouts compared to patients without pre-cluster symptoms. In univariable and multivariable logistic regression analyses, female sex was associated with the predictability of pre-cluster symptoms (odds ratio = 2.297, p = 0.016). Conclusions The upcoming cluster bout was predicted in approximately 35% of patients with episodic cluster headache, which may allow for an earlier preventive treatment and help understand the pathophysiology.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 0333-1024 , 1468-2982
    Language: English
    Publisher: SAGE Publications
    Publication Date: 2022
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 2019999-5
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  • 5
    In: Cephalalgia, SAGE Publications, Vol. 39, No. 7 ( 2019-06), p. 900-907
    Abstract: *These authors are shared first authors. The recently published third edition of the International Classification of Headache Disorders (ICHD-3) revised the criteria for accompanying symptoms of cluster headache (CH) and the remission period of chronic cluster headache (CCH). This study aimed at testing the validity of the ICHD-3 criteria for CH by using data from the Korean Cluster Headache Registry. Methods Consecutive patients with CH and probable cluster headache (PCH) were prospectively recruited from 15 hospitals. We analysed the validity of the revised ICHD-3 criteria for CH against the beta version of the third edition of the ICHD (ICHD-3β). Results In total, 193 patients were enrolled: 140 (72.5%), 5 (2.6%) and 22 (11.4%) had episodic cluster headache (ECH), CCH, and PCH, respectively. The remaining 26 (13.5%) had CH with undetermined remission periods. One patient with ECH and one with PCH had only forehead and facial flushing and were diagnosed with PCH and non-cluster headache, respectively, according to the ICHD-3. Four participants with ECH according to the ICHD-3β had remission periods of  〉  1 month and between 1 and 3 months and were newly diagnosed with CCH according to the ICHD-3. Conclusion The change from ICHD-3β to ICHD-3 resulted in few differences in the diagnoses of CH and PCH.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 0333-1024 , 1468-2982
    Language: English
    Publisher: SAGE Publications
    Publication Date: 2019
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 2019999-5
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  • 6
    In: Cephalalgia, SAGE Publications, Vol. 40, No. 3 ( 2020-03), p. 278-287
    Abstract: To investigate the temporal changes of circadian rhythmicity in relation to the disease course in patients with cluster headache. Methods In this multicenter study, patients with cluster headache were recruited between September 2016 and July 2018. We evaluated the patients for circadian rhythmicity and time of cluster headache attacks in the current bout and any experience of bout-to-bout change in circadian rhythmicity. We analyzed the patterns of circadian rhythmicity in relation to the disease progression (the number of total lifetime bouts, grouped into deciles). Results Of the 175 patients in their active, within-bout period, 86 (49.1%) had circadian rhythmicity in the current bout. The prevalence of circadian rhythmicity in the active period was overall similar regardless of disease progression. Sixty-three (46.3%) out of 136 patients with ≥2 bouts reported bout-to-bout changes in circadian rhythmicity. The most frequent time of cluster headache attacks was distributed evenly throughout the day earlier in the disease course and dichotomized into hypnic and midday as the number of lifetime bouts increased ( p = 0.037 for the homogeneity of variance). When grouped into nighttime and daytime, nighttime attacks were predominant early in the disease course, while daytime attacks increased with disease progression (up to 7th deciles of total lifetime bouts, p = 0.001) and decreased in patients with the most advanced disease course ( p = 0.013 for the non-linear association). Conclusions Circadian rhythmicity is not a fixed factor, and changes according to the disease course. Our findings will be valuable in providing a new insight into the stability of functional involvement of the suprachiasmatic nucleus in the pathophysiology of cluster headache.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 0333-1024 , 1468-2982
    Language: English
    Publisher: SAGE Publications
    Publication Date: 2020
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  • 7
    In: International Journal of Stroke, SAGE Publications, Vol. 11, No. 9 ( 2016-12), p. 999-1008
    Abstract: Moyamoya disease is a unique cerebrovascular occlusive disease of unknown etiology. Ring finger protein 213 ( RNF213) was identified as a susceptibility gene for Moyamoya disease in East Asian countries. However, the pathogenesis of Moyamoya disease remains unclear. Methods We prospectively analyzed clinical data for 139 patients with Moyamoya disease (108 bilateral Moyamoya disease, 31 unilateral Moyamoya disease), 61 patients with intracranial atherosclerotic stroke, and 68 healthy subjects. We compared the genetic ( RNF213 variant) and protein biomarkers for caveolae (caveolin-1), angiogenesis (vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) and receptor (VEGFR2), and antagonizing cytokine (endostatin)) and endothelial dysfunction (asymmetric dimethylarginine (ADMA), and nitric oxide and its metabolites (nitrite and nitrate)) between patients with Moyamoya disease and intracranial atherosclerotic stroke. We then performed path analysis to evaluate whether a certain protein biomarker mediates the association between genes and Moyamoya disease. Results Caveolin-1 level was decreased in patients with Moyamoya disease and markedly decreased in RNF213 variant carriers. Circulating factors such as VEGF and VEGFR2 did not differ among the groups. Markers for endothelial dysfunction were significantly higher in patients with intracranial atherosclerotic stroke but normal in those with Moyamoya disease. Path analysis showed that the presence of the RNF213 variant was associated with caveolin-1 levels that could lead to Moyamoya disease. The level of combined marker of Moyamoya disease (caveolin-1) and intracranial atherosclerotic stroke (ADMA, an endothelial dysfunction marker) predicted Moyamoya disease with good sensitivity and specificity. Conclusion Our results suggest that Moyamoya disease is a caveolae disorder but is not related to endothelial dysfunction or dysregulation of circulating cytokines.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 1747-4930 , 1747-4949
    Language: English
    Publisher: SAGE Publications
    Publication Date: 2016
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 2211666-7
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  • 8
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    SAGE Publications ; 2018
    In:  Interventional Neuroradiology Vol. 24, No. 6 ( 2018-12), p. 678-683
    In: Interventional Neuroradiology, SAGE Publications, Vol. 24, No. 6 ( 2018-12), p. 678-683
    Abstract: The status of collateral vessels has important clinical implications in acute ischemic stroke. To evaluate which components of ischemic symptoms were predictive of pretreatment collateral status, we tested the hypothesis that sub-item scores from the National Institutes of Health Stroke Scale (NIHSS) are associated with leptomeningeal collateral status in acute ischemic stroke with middle cerebral artery (MCA) occlusion. Methods This study included consecutive patients with acute M1 occlusion who underwent revascularization treatment for acute MCA infarction. We evaluated clinical factors and the NIHSS score according to the collateral status assessed by multiphase perfusion computed tomography. Results Eighty-six patients were included (48 good collateral status, 38 poor collateral status). The patients with poor collateral status were more likely to have a higher total NIHSS score (18 versus 11, p  〈  0.001) and atrial fibrillation (65.8% versus 41.7%, p = 0.026) than patients with good collateral flow. In a multiple logistic regression, the NIHSS sub-items such as profound “facial palsy” (score 2 versus 0–1) and “visual field defect” (score 2 versus 0–1) were independently associated with poor collateral status. Conclusion Among the NIHSS sub-items, severe facial palsy and visual field defect were associated with poor collateral status in acute MCA stroke with M1 occlusion. Decision on whether to treat these patients endovascularly should be made more cautiously due to the possibility of a poor outcome.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 1591-0199 , 2385-2011
    Language: English
    Publisher: SAGE Publications
    Publication Date: 2018
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 2571161-1
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  • 9
    In: Journal of Cerebral Blood Flow & Metabolism, SAGE Publications, Vol. 29, No. 6 ( 2009-06), p. 1138-1145
    Abstract: Most clinical trials have focused on the presence of perfusion- and diffusion-weighted imaging (PWI–DWI) mismatch by more than 20%, and different stroke subtypes were lumped together. We hypothesized that intracranial large artery atherosclerotic stroke (IC-LAA) would show different PWI–DWI and magnetic resonance angiography (MRA)–DWI mismatch profiles, compared with other stroke subtypes. Consecutive patients underwent pretreatment multiparametric magnetic resonance imaging for the acute middle cerebral artery infarcts within 6 h of symptom onset. We assessed the difference in the DWI–PWI mismatch ratio, severity of hypoperfusion, and MRA–DWI mismatch among the stroke subtypes. Of 86 patients, 19 (22.1%) had IC-LAA; 42 (48.8%) cardioembolic stroke, 15 (17.4%) extracranial-LAA, and 10 (11.6%) had cryptogenic embolic stroke. Although the volume of the penumbra was not different among the groups, the mismatch ratio was higher (P=0.003) and the severity of hypoperfusion was lower in the IC-LAA group (P=0.001). The MRA–DWI mismatch was more prevalent in the IC-LAA group than in other groups ( P 〈 0.001). Collateral grading, assessed in 41 patients, was more likely to be intermediate/excellent in the IC-LAA group ( P 〈 0.001). Multivariate testing revealed that a larger mismatch ratio and less severe hypoperfusion, and MRA–DWI mismatch were independently associated with IC-LAA. Our data show that patients with IC-LAA had different mismatch profiles, which were related to better collaterals, compared with other subtypes.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 0271-678X , 1559-7016
    Language: English
    Publisher: SAGE Publications
    Publication Date: 2009
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 2039456-1
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  • 10
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    SAGE Publications ; 2018
    In:  Cephalalgia Vol. 38, No. 4 ( 2018-04), p. 655-661
    In: Cephalalgia, SAGE Publications, Vol. 38, No. 4 ( 2018-04), p. 655-661
    Abstract: To determine the natural course of cluster headache. Methods We screened patients with cluster headache who were diagnosed at Samsung Medical Center and lost to follow-up for ≥5 years. Eligible patients were interviewed by phone about the longitudinal changes in headache characteristics and disease course. Remission was defined as symptom-free 1) for longer than twice the longest between-bout period and 2) for ≥5 years. Results Forty-two patients lost to follow-up for mean 7.5 (range, 5.0–15.7) years were included. The length of the last bout did not differ from the first one, while the last between-bout period was longer than the first one ( p = 0.012). Characteristics of cluster headache decreased over time: Side-locked unilaterality (from 92.9% to 78.9%), seasonal and circadian rhythmicity (from 63.9% to 60.9% and from 62.2 to 40.5%, respectively), and autonomic symptoms (from 95.2% to 75.0%). Remission occurred in 14 (33.3%) patients at a mean age of 42.3 (range, 27–65) years, which was not different from the age of last bouts in active patients ( p = 0.623). There was a trend for more seasonal and circadian predilection at baseline in the active group ( p = 0.056 and 0.063, respectively) and fewer lifetime bouts and shorter disease duration in patients in remission ( p = 0.063 and 0.090). Conclusions This study first shows the natural courses of cluster headache. Features of cluster headache become less prominent over time. Remission occurred regardless of age. Although no single predictor of remission was found, our data suggest that remission of cluster headache might not be a consequence of more advanced age, longer duration of disease, or accumulation of lifetime bouts.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 0333-1024 , 1468-2982
    Language: English
    Publisher: SAGE Publications
    Publication Date: 2018
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 2019999-5
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