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  • 1
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    Online Resource
    White Matter Integrity Is a Stronger Predictor of Motor Function Than BOLD Response in Patients With Stroke
    SAGE Publications ; 2011
    In:  Neurorehabilitation and Neural Repair Vol. 25, No. 3 ( 2011-03), p. 275-284
    Details
    In: Neurorehabilitation and Neural Repair, SAGE Publications, Vol. 25, No. 3 ( 2011-03), p. 275-284
    Abstract: Objective. Neuroimaging techniques, such as diffusion tensor imaging (DTI) and blood oxygenation level–dependent (BOLD) functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI), provide insights into the functional reorganization of the cortical motor system after stroke. This study explores the relationship between upper extremity motor function, white matter integrity, and BOLD response of cortical motor areas. Methods. Seventeen patients met study inclusion criteria; of these 12 completed DTI assessment of white matter integrity and 9 completed fMRI assessment of motor-related activation. Primary clinical outcome measures were the Wolf Motor Function Test (WMFT) and the upper limb portion of the Fugl-Meyer (FM) motor assessment. Structural integrity of the posterior limb of the internal capsule was assessed by examining the fractional anisotropy (FA) asymmetry in the PLIC. Laterality index of motor cortical areas was measured as the BOLD response in each patient during a finger pinch task. Linear regression analyses were performed to determine whether clinical outcome was associated with structural or functional MRI measures. Results. There were strong relationships between clinical outcome measures and FA asymmetry (eg, FM score [ R 2 = .655, P = .001] and WMFT asymmetry score [ R 2 = .651, P 〈 .002]) but relationships with fMRI measures were weaker. Conclusion. Clinical motor function is more closely related to the white matter integrity of the internal capsule than to BOLD response of motor areas in patients 3 to 9 months after stroke. Thus, use of DTI to assess white matter integrity in the internal capsule may provide more useful information than fMRI to interpret motor deficits following supratentorial brain injury.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 1545-9683 , 1552-6844
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.1177/1545968310389183
    Language: English
    Publisher: SAGE Publications
    Publication Date: 2011
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 2100545-X
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  • 2
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    Multi-morbidity and patient-reported functional limitations: a population-based cohort study
    SAGE Publications ; 2022
    In:  Journal of Multimorbidity and Comorbidity Vol. 12 ( 2022-01), p. 263355652211054-
    Details
    In: Journal of Multimorbidity and Comorbidity, SAGE Publications, Vol. 12 ( 2022-01), p. 263355652211054-
    Abstract: Persons who accumulate chronic conditions at a rate faster than their peers may experience accelerated aging and poor health outcomes, including functional limitations. Methods Adults aged ≥40 years who resided in Olmsted County, Minnesota on 1 January 2006 were identified. The prevalence of 21 chronic conditions was ascertained, and age-specific quartiles of the number of chronic conditions was estimated within 4 age groups: 40–54, 55–64, 65–74, and ≥75 years. Difficulty with nine patient-reported functional limitations (including basic and instrumental activities of daily living and mobility activities) were ascertained through 31 October 2018. Cox regression was used to model associations of chronic condition quartiles with new-onset functional limitations considered separately. We estimated absolute risk differences and hazard ratios stratified by age group, and adjusted for sex, race, ethnicity, marital status, education, and the residual effect of age. Results Among 39,624 persons (44.5% men, 93.2% white), the most common reported new functional limitations were difficulty with climbing stairs, walking, and housekeeping. For all functional limitations, the absolute risk differences were largest among the oldest age group (≥75 years). Approximately twofold increased hazard ratios were observed among those in the highest vs. lowest quartile for the three oldest age groups, and approximately threefold or higher hazard ratios were observed for persons aged 40-54 years. Conclusion Persons with increased accumulation of chronic conditions experience increased risks of developing functional limitations compared to their peers. These findings underscore the importance of assessing health status and of employing interventions to prevent and effectively manage multi-morbidity at all ages.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 2633-5565 , 2633-5565
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.1177/26335565221105448
    Language: English
    Publisher: SAGE Publications
    Publication Date: 2022
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 3105397-X
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  • 3
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    Pitfalls in interpreting rat knee joint magnetic resonance images and their histological correlation
    SAGE Publications ; 2009
    In:  Acta Radiologica Vol. 50, No. 9 ( 2009-11), p. 1042-1048
    Details
    In: Acta Radiologica, SAGE Publications, Vol. 50, No. 9 ( 2009-11), p. 1042-1048
    Abstract: Background: Magnetic resonance (MR) imaging has been increasingly used as an investigational tool for assessing the structure and function of animal joint disease models, while to date MR tomographic knowledge of laboratory animal skeletal microanatomy remains limited. Purpose: To describe pitfalls in interpreting rat knee joint MR images and their histological correlation. Material and Methods: MR scans of the right knee of five 3-month-old Sprague-Dawley (SD) rats were carried out using a 4.7T magnet, using a fat-suppressed three-dimensional (3D) gradient echo sequence with a spatial resolution of 59×117×234 µm. Histology assessment with hematoxylin and eosin staining and Safranin O staining was carried out in the five 3-month-old SD rats and two SD rats of 1 month and 6 months old, respectively. MR images were analyzed by a radiologist, and histology data were assessed by a radiologist and a pathologist. Results: Though the MR images were acquired in normal rats, many signs unfamiliar to radiologists were noted, including notch-like bright signal areas in the epiphysis, gray signal areas in the epiphysis, and fuzzy joint surface of the epiphysis of the femur and tibia. Detailed inspection of the histology specimen showed more unfamiliar features of rat knee microanatomy, including curvy or dipped surface of the femur/tibia epiphysis, areas composed of a mixture of cartilage and bone components, normal notch structure, cyst-like structure, and cavity between cortical lamellae under the joint cartilage. Conclusion: There are a number of normal microstructures of the rat knee joint that can be potentially misinterpreted as arthritic changes on MR images. Recognizing these rat knee microstructures can help correct image reading during biomedical research.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 0284-1851 , 1600-0455
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.3109/02841850903156484
    RVK:
    XA 10000
    Language: English
    Publisher: SAGE Publications
    Publication Date: 2009
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 2024579-8
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  • 4
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    Thoracic Endovascular Aortic Repair With Left Subclavian Artery Coverage Is Associated With a High 30-Day Stroke Incidence With or Without Concomitant Revascularization
    SAGE Publications ; 2020
    In:  Journal of Endovascular Therapy Vol. 27, No. 5 ( 2020-10), p. 769-776
    Details
    In: Journal of Endovascular Therapy, SAGE Publications, Vol. 27, No. 5 ( 2020-10), p. 769-776
    Abstract: Purpose: To evaluate the perioperative stroke incidence following thoracic endovascular aortic repair (TEVAR) with differing left subclavian artery (LSA) coverage and revascularization approaches in a real-world setting of a nationwide clinical registry. Materials and Methods: The National Surgical Quality Improvement Program registry was interrogated from 2005 to 2017 to identify all nonemergent TEVAR and/or open LSA revascularization procedures. In this time frame, 2346 TEVAR cases met the selection criteria for analysis. The 30-day stroke incidence was compared between patients undergoing TEVAR with (n=888) vs without (n=1458) LSA coverage, for those with (n=228) vs without (n=660) concomitant LSA revascularization among those with coverage, and following isolated LSA revascularization for occlusive disease (n=768). Multivariable logistic regression was employed for risk-adjusted analyses and to identify factors associated with stroke following TEVAR. Results of the regression analyses are presented as the adjusted odds ratio (OR) with 95% confidence interval (CI). Results: The stroke incidence was 2.3% following TEVAR without vs 5.2% with LSA coverage (p 〈 0.001). In TEVARs with LSA coverage, the stroke incidence was 7.5% when the LSA was concomitantly revascularized and 4.4% without concomitant revascularization, while stroke occurred in 0.5% of isolated LSA revascularizations. Of 33 TEVAR patients experiencing a perioperative stroke, 8 (24%) died within 30 days. LSA coverage was associated with stroke both with concomitant revascularization (OR 4.0, 95% CI 2.2 to 7.5, p 〈 0.001) and without concomitant revascularization (OR 2.2, 95% CI 1.3 to 3.8, p=0.002). Other preoperative factors associated with stroke were dyspnea (OR 1.8, 95% CI 1.1 to 3.0, p=0.014), renal dysfunction (OR 2.2, 95% CI 1.0 to 3.8, p=0.049), and international normalized ratio ≥2.0 (OR 3.6, 95% CI 1.0 to 13, p=0.045). Conclusion: Stroke following TEVAR with LSA coverage occurs frequently in the real-world setting, and concurrent LSA revascularization was not associated with a lower stroke incidence.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 1526-6028 , 1545-1550
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.1177/1526602820923044
    Language: English
    Publisher: SAGE Publications
    Publication Date: 2020
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 2049858-5
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  • 5
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    Disability in Community-Dwelling Older Adults: Exploring the Role of Stroke and Dementia
    SAGE Publications ; 2019
    In:  Journal of Primary Care & Community Health Vol. 10 ( 2019-01), p. 215013271985250-
    Details
    In: Journal of Primary Care & Community Health, SAGE Publications, Vol. 10 ( 2019-01), p. 215013271985250-
    Abstract: Objectives: We sought to determine the relative contributions of stroke, dementia, and their combination to disability and racial differences in disability among community-dwelling older adults. Methods: We performed a cross-sectional study of 6848 community-dwelling older adults. We evaluated the associations of stroke, dementia, and their combination with activities of daily living (ADL) limitations (range 0-7). We then explored the impact of stroke and dementia on race differences in ADL limitations using Poisson regression after accounting for sociodemographics and comorbidities. Results: After full adjustment, ADL limitations differed among older adults with stroke and dementia. Older adults without stroke or dementia had 0.32 (95% CI 0.29-0.35) ADL limitations compared to 0.64 (95% CI 0.54-0.73) with stroke, 1.36 (95% CI 1.20-1.53) with dementia and 1.84 (95% CI 1.54-2.15) with stroke and dementia. Overall, blacks had 0.27 (95%CI 0.19-0.36) more ADL limitations than whites. Models accounting for stroke led to a 3.7% (95%CI 2.98%-4.43%) reduction in race differences, while those for dementia led to a 29.26% (95%CI 28.53%-29.99%) reduction and the stroke-dementia combination −1.48% (95%CI −2.21% to −0.76) had little impact. Discussion: Older adults with stroke and dementia have greater disability than older adults with either of these conditions alone. However, the amount of disability experienced by older adults with stroke and dementia is less than the sum of the contributions from stroke and dementia. Dementia is likely a key contributor to race differences in disability.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 2150-1327 , 2150-1327
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.1177/2150132719852507
    Language: English
    Publisher: SAGE Publications
    Publication Date: 2019
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 2550221-9
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  • 6
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    For Whom the Mind Wanders, and When, Varies Across Laboratory and Daily-Life Settings
    SAGE Publications ; 2017
    In:  Psychological Science Vol. 28, No. 9 ( 2017-09), p. 1271-1289
    Details
    In: Psychological Science, SAGE Publications, Vol. 28, No. 9 ( 2017-09), p. 1271-1289
    Abstract: Undergraduates ( N = 274) participated in a weeklong daily-life experience-sampling study of mind wandering after being assessed in the lab for executive-control abilities (working memory capacity; attention-restraint ability; attention-constraint ability; and propensity for task-unrelated thoughts, or TUTs) and personality traits. Eight times a day, electronic devices prompted subjects to report on their current thoughts and context. Working memory capacity and attention abilities predicted subjects’ TUT rates in the lab, but predicted the frequency of daily-life mind wandering only as a function of subjects’ momentary attempts to concentrate. This pattern replicates prior daily-life findings but conflicts with laboratory findings. Results for personality factors also revealed different associations in the lab and daily life: Only neuroticism predicted TUT rate in the lab, but only openness predicted mind-wandering rate in daily life (both predicted the content of daily-life mind wandering). Cognitive and personality factors also predicted dimensions of everyday thought other than mind wandering, such as subjective judgments of controllability of thought. Mind wandering in people’s daily environments and TUTs during controlled and artificial laboratory tasks have different correlates (and perhaps causes). Thus, mind-wandering theories based solely on lab phenomena may be incomplete.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 0956-7976 , 1467-9280
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.1177/0956797617706086
    Language: English
    Publisher: SAGE Publications
    Publication Date: 2017
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 2022256-7
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  • 7
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    Multimorbidity, functional limitations, and outcomes: Interactions in a population-based cohort of older adults
    SAGE Publications ; 2019
    In:  Journal of Comorbidity Vol. 9 ( 2019-01-01), p. 2235042X1987348-
    Details
    In: Journal of Comorbidity, SAGE Publications, Vol. 9 ( 2019-01-01), p. 2235042X1987348-
    Abstract: To understand the interaction of multimorbidity and functional limitations in determining health-care utilization and survival in older adults. Methods: Olmsted County, Minnesota, residents aged 60–89 years in 2005 were categorized into four cohorts based on the presence or absence of multimorbidity (≥3 chronic conditions from a list of 18) and functional limitations (≥1 limitation in an activity of daily living from a list of 9), and were followed through December 31, 2016. Andersen–Gill and Cox regression estimated hazard ratios (HRs) for emergency department (ED) visits, hospitalizations, and death using persons with neither multimorbidity nor functional limitations as the reference (interaction analyses). Results: Among 13,145 persons, 34% had neither multimorbidity nor functional limitations, 44% had multimorbidity only, 4% had functional limitations only, and 18% had both. Over a median follow-up of 11 years, 5906 ED visits, 2654 hospitalizations, and 4559 deaths occurred. Synergistic interactions on an additive scale of multimorbidity and functional limitations were observed for all outcomes; however, the magnitude of the interactions decreased with advancing age. The HR (95% confidence interval) for death among persons with both multimorbidity and functional limitations was 5.34 (4.40–6.47) at age 60–69, 4.16 (3.59–4.83) at age 70–79, and 2.86 (2.45–3.35) at age 80–89 years. Conclusion: The risk of ED visits, hospitalizations, and death among persons with both multimorbidity and functional limitations is greater than additive. The magnitude of the interaction was strongest for the youngest age group, highlighting the importance of interventions to prevent and effectively manage multimorbidity and functional limitations early in life.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 2235-042X , 2235-042X
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.1177/2235042X19873486
    Language: English
    Publisher: SAGE Publications
    Publication Date: 2019
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 2831678-2
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  • 8
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    Enhancement of the Antiviral Activity of Poly (A-U) by Adriamycin and Daunomycin
    SAGE Publications ; 1990
    In:  Antiviral Chemistry and Chemotherapy Vol. 1, No. 5 ( 1990-10), p. 285-292
    Details
    In: Antiviral Chemistry and Chemotherapy, SAGE Publications, Vol. 1, No. 5 ( 1990-10), p. 285-292
    Abstract: The role of adriamycin (ADR) and daunomycin (DMN) in modulating the antiviral activity of poly (adeylate-uridylate) (poly (A-U)) was examined using a human foreskin fibroblast – vesicular stomatitis virus (HSF-VSV) bioassay in which the concentration of poly (A-U) was fixed at 0.05 mm or 0.2 mm while the ADR or DMN concentration was varied to produce ADR (or DMN)/ribonucleotide ratios ranging from 1:16 to 2:1. Poly (A-U), ADR and DMN were not efficacious antiviral agents when tested individually at the concentrations employed in the ADR (or DMN)/poly (A-U) combinations. When the ADR or DMN was combined with the poly (A-U) to produce ADR (or DMN)/poly (A-U) ratios of 1/6, the 50% effective doses (ED 50 ) of the poly (A-U), ADR and DMN decreased 18, 104, and 185-fold, respectively. However, when ADR or DMN was combined with polyriboinosinic-polyribocytidylic acid [poly (I) · poly (C)], the ED 50 of the ADR, DMN and the poly (I) · poly (C) were not affected. Interferon neutralization studies indicated that ADR, DMN, poly (A-U) and the ADR (or DMN)/poly (A-U) combination induced the production of interferon-beta (IFN-β). The amount of IFN produced by the ADR (or DMN)/poly (A-U) combinations was equal to the sum of the IFN prduced by their constituents. These results indicate that the ADR and DMN potentiate the antiviral activity of the poly (A-U) without affecting the amount of IFN induced. The direct viral inactivation study demonstrated that ADR, DMN, poly (A-U) and the ADR (or DMN)/poly (A-U) combinations do not inactivate the VSV at concentrations near the ED 50 .
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 2040-2066 , 2040-2066
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.1177/095632029000100502
    Language: English
    Publisher: SAGE Publications
    Publication Date: 1990
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 2130088-4
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  • 9
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    Andrographolide, an Herbal Medicine, Inhibits Interleukin-6 Expression and Suppresses Prostate Cancer Cell Growth
    SAGE Publications ; 2010
    In:  Genes & Cancer Vol. 1, No. 8 ( 2010-08-01), p. 868-876
    Details
    In: Genes & Cancer, SAGE Publications, Vol. 1, No. 8 ( 2010-08-01), p. 868-876
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 1947-6019 , 1947-6027
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.1177/1947601910383416
    Language: English
    Publisher: SAGE Publications
    Publication Date: 2010
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 2538519-7
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  • 10
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    The Interaction between Bacteria and Mucosal Immunity in Chronic Rhinosinusitis: A Prospective Cross-sectional Analysis
    SAGE Publications ; 2013
    In:  American Journal of Rhinology & Allergy Vol. 27, No. 6 ( 2013-11), p. e183-e189
    Details
    In: American Journal of Rhinology & Allergy, SAGE Publications, Vol. 27, No. 6 ( 2013-11), p. e183-e189
    Abstract: We have detected intramucosal bacteria within the sinus mucosa of patients with chronic rhinosinusitis (CRS), but our attempts at characterizing these did not yield any discernible genotypic or phenotypic differences from surface bacteria. We hypothesized that the presence of intramucosal microcolonies reflected host mucosal immune dysfunction. This study characterizes the activation status of T cells, B cells, and macrophages in the sinus mucosa of patients with CRS and controls and determines the impact of bacteria on mucosal immunology. Methods Swabs and mucosal biopsy specimens were taken from 27 patients with CRS undergoing sinus surgery and 9 patients with normal sinuses having transnasal pituitary surgery. Microcolonies were detected using Gram staining, and the immune cells were characterized by immunohistochemical techniques. Results Swab culture rates for Staphylococcus aureus were similar between CRS and controls. However, there were significantly more intramucosal microcolonies in CRS (59% versus 11%) than in controls (p = 0.02). There were significantly more immune cells in CRS. Percentage of activated T and B cells were similar between CRS and controls, but there were significantly more CD163 + M2 macrophages in patients with CRS (p = 0.0004). Furthermore, percentage of CD163 + macrophages showed a positive correlation with disease severity. The presence of bacteria had no impact on immunology or disease severity. Conclusion Tolerance of intramucosal microcolonies in CRS may reflect altered macrophage function in the host mucosa. The clinical severity of CRS is also dependent on the host mucosa immune dysfunction, rather than the presence of intramucosal microcolonies.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 1945-8924 , 1945-8932
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.2500/ajra.2013.27.3974
    RVK:
    XA 20278
    Language: English
    Publisher: SAGE Publications
    Publication Date: 2013
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 2554548-6
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