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  • 1
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    The Residual Risk Reduction Initiative: a call to action to reduce residual vascular risk in dyslipidaemic patients
    SAGE Publications ; 2008
    In:  Diabetes and Vascular Disease Research Vol. 5, No. 4 ( 2008-11), p. 319-335
    Details
    In: Diabetes and Vascular Disease Research, SAGE Publications, Vol. 5, No. 4 ( 2008-11), p. 319-335
    Abstract: Despite current standards of care aimed at achieving targets for low-density lipoprotein (LDL) cholesterol, blood pressure and glycaemia, dyslipidaemic patients remain at high residual risk of vascular events. Atherogenic dyslipidaemia, specifically elevated triglycerides and low levels of high-density lipoprotein (HDL) cholesterol, often with elevated apolipoprotein B and non-HDL cholesterol, is common in patients with established cardiovascular disease, type 2 diabetes, obesity or metabolic syndrome and is associated with macrovascular and microvascular residual risk. The Residual Risk Reduction Initiative (R 3 I) was established to address this important issue. This position paper aims to highlight evidence that atherogenic dyslipidaemia contributes to residual macrovascular risk and microvascular complications despite current standards of care for dyslipidaemia and diabetes, and to recommend therapeutic intervention for reducing this, supported by evidence and expert consensus. Lifestyle modification is an important first step. Additionally, pharmacotherapy is often required. Adding niacin, a fibrate or omega-3 fatty acids to statin therapy improves achievement of all lipid risk factors. Outcomes studies are evaluating whether these strategies translate to greater clinical benefit than statin therapy alone. In conclusion, the R 3 i highlights the need to address with lifestyle and/or pharmacotherapy the high level of residual vascular risk among dyslipidaemic patients who are treated in accordance with current standards of care.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 1479-1641 , 1752-8984
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.3132/dvdr.2008.046
    Language: English
    Publisher: SAGE Publications
    Publication Date: 2008
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 2250797-8
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  • 2
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    The Subaxial Cervical AO Spine Injury Score
    SAGE Publications ; 2022
    In:  Global Spine Journal Vol. 12, No. 6 ( 2022-07), p. 1066-1073
    Details
    In: Global Spine Journal, SAGE Publications, Vol. 12, No. 6 ( 2022-07), p. 1066-1073
    Abstract: Global cross-sectional survey. Objective: To develop an injury score for the AO Spine Subaxial Cervical Spine Injury Classification System. Methods: Respondents numerically graded each variable within the classification system for severity. Based on the results, and with input from the AO Spine Trauma Knowledge Forum, the Subaxial Cervical AO Spine Injury Score was developed. Results: An A0 injury was assigned an injury score of 0, A1 a score of 1, and A2 a score of 2. Given the significant increase in severity, A3 was given a score of 4. Based on equal severity assessment, A4 and B1 were both assigned a score of 5. B2 and B3 injuries were assigned a score of 6. Unstable C-type injuries were given a score of 7. Stable F1 injuries were assigned a score of 2, with a 2-point increase for F2 injuries. Likewise, F3 injuries received a score of 5, whereas more unstable F4 injuries a score of 7. Neurologic status severity rating scores increased stepwise, with scores of 0 for N0, 1 for N1, and 2 for N2. Consistent with the Thoracolumbar AO Spine Injury Score, N3 (incomplete) and N4 (complete) injuries were given a score of 4. Finally, case-specific modifiers M1 (PLC injury) received a score of 1, while M2 (critical disc herniation) and M3 (spine stiffening disease) received a score of 4. Conclusions: The Subaxial Cervical AO Spine Injury Score is an easy-to-use metric that can help develop a surgical algorithm to supplement the AO Spine Subaxial Cervical Spine Injury Classification System.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 2192-5682 , 2192-5690
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.1177/2192568220974339
    Language: English
    Publisher: SAGE Publications
    Publication Date: 2022
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 2648287-3
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  • 3
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Team Science as Interprofessional Collaborative Research Practice: A Systematic Review of the Science of Team Science Literature
    SAGE Publications ; 2017
    In:  Journal of Investigative Medicine Vol. 65, No. 1 ( 2017-01), p. 15-22
    Details
    In: Journal of Investigative Medicine, SAGE Publications, Vol. 65, No. 1 ( 2017-01), p. 15-22
    Abstract: The National Institute of Health's concept of team science is a means of addressing complex clinical problems by applying conceptual and methodological approaches from multiple disciplines and health professions. The ultimate goal is the improved quality of care of patients with an emphasis on better population health outcomes. Collaborative research practice occurs when researchers from 〉 1 health-related profession engage in scientific inquiry to jointly create and disseminate new knowledge to clinical and research health professionals in order to provide the highest quality of patient care to improve population health outcomes. Training of clinicians and researchers is necessary to produce clinically relevant evidence upon which to base patient care for disease management and empirically guided team-based patient care. In this study, we hypothesized that team science is an example of effective and impactful interprofessional collaborative research practice. To assess this hypothesis, we examined the contemporary literature on the science of team science (SciTS) produced in the past 10 years (2005–2015) and related the SciTS to the overall field of interprofessional collaborative practice, of which collaborative research practice is a subset. A modified preferred reporting items for systematic reviews and meta-analyses (PRISMA) approach was employed to analyze the SciTS literature in light of the general question: Is team science an example of interprofessional collaborative research practice? After completing a systematic review of the SciTS literature, the posed hypothesis was accepted, concluding that team science is a dimension of interprofessional collaborative practice.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 1081-5589 , 1708-8267
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.1136/jim-2016-000216
    Language: English
    Publisher: SAGE Publications
    Publication Date: 2017
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  • 4
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    AOSpine—Spine Trauma Classification System: The Value of Modifiers: A Narrative Review With Commentary on Evolving Descriptive Principles
    SAGE Publications ; 2019
    In:  Global Spine Journal Vol. 9, No. 1_suppl ( 2019-05), p. 77S-88S
    Details
    In: Global Spine Journal, SAGE Publications, Vol. 9, No. 1_suppl ( 2019-05), p. 77S-88S
    Abstract: Narrative review. Objectives: To describe the current AOSpine Trauma Classification system for spinal trauma and highlight the value of patient-specific modifiers for facilitating communication and nuances in treatment. Methods: The classification for spine trauma previously developed by The AOSpine Knowledge Forum is reviewed and the importance of case modifiers in this system is discussed. Results: A successful classification system facilitates communication and agreement between physicians while also determining injury severity and provides guidance on prognosis and treatment. As each injury may be unique among different patients, the importance of considering patient-specific characteristics is highlighted in this review. In the current AOSpine Trauma Classification, the spinal column is divided into 4 regions: the upper cervical spine (C0-C2), subaxial cervical spine (C3-C7), thoracolumbar spine (T1-L5), and the sacral spine (S1-S5, including coccyx). Each region is classified according to a hierarchical system with increasing levels of injury or instability and represents the morphology of the injury, neurologic status, and clinical modifiers. Specifically, these clinical modifiers are denoted starting with M followed by a number. They describe unique conditions that may change treatment approach such as the presence of significant soft tissue damage, uncertainty about posterior tension band injury, or the presence of a critical disc herniation in a cervical bilateral facet dislocation. These characteristics are described in detail for each spinal region. Conclusions: Patient-specific modifiers in the AOSpine Trauma Classification highlight unique clinical characteristics for each injury and facilitate communication and treatment between surgeons.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 2192-5682 , 2192-5690
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.1177/2192568219827260
    Language: English
    Publisher: SAGE Publications
    Publication Date: 2019
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 2648287-3
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  • 5
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Global Validation of the AO Spine Upper Cervical Injury Classification: Geographic Region Affects Reliability and Reproducibility
    SAGE Publications ; 2022
    In:  Global Spine Journal
    Details
    In: Global Spine Journal, SAGE Publications
    Abstract: Global Survey Objective To determine the accuracy, interobserver reliability, and intraobserver reproducibility of the AO Spine Upper Cervical Injury Classification System based on surgeons’ AO Spine region of practice (Africa, Asia, Central/South America, Europe, Middle East, and North America). Methods A total of 275 AO Spine members assessed 25 upper cervical spine injuries and classified them according to the AO Spine Upper Cervical Injury Classification System. Reliability, reproducibility, and accuracy scores were obtained over two assessments administered at three-week intervals. Kappa coefficients (ƙ) determined the interobserver reliability and intraobserver reproducibility. Results On both assessments, participants from Europe and North America had the highest classification accuracy, while participants from Africa and Central/South America had the lowest accuracy ( P 〈 .0001). Participants from Africa (assessment 1 (AS1):ƙ = .487; AS2:0.491), Central/South America (AS1:ƙ = .513; AS2:0.511), and the Middle East (AS1:0.591; AS2: .599) achieved moderate reliability, while participants from North America (AS1:ƙ = .673; AS2:0.648) and Europe (AS1:ƙ = .682; AS2:0.681) achieved substantial reliability. Asian participants obtained substantial reliability on AS1 (ƙ = .632), but moderate reliability on AS2 (ƙ = .566). Although there was a large effect size, the low number of participants in certain regions did not provide adequate certainty that AO regions affected the likelihood of participants having excellent reproducibility ( P = .342). Conclusions The AO Spine Upper Cervical Injury Classification System can be applied with high accuracy, interobserver reliability, and intraobserver reproducibility. However, lower classification accuracy and reliability were found in regions of Africa and Central/South America, especially for severe atlas injuries (IIB and IIC) and atypical hangman’s type fractures (IIIB injuries).
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 2192-5682 , 2192-5690
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.1177/21925682221124100
    Language: English
    Publisher: SAGE Publications
    Publication Date: 2022
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 2648287-3
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  • 6
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Identification of Neuroprotective Properties of Anti-MAG Antibody: A Novel Approach for the Treatment of Stroke?
    SAGE Publications ; 2005
    In:  Journal of Cerebral Blood Flow & Metabolism Vol. 25, No. 1 ( 2005-01), p. 98-107
    Details
    In: Journal of Cerebral Blood Flow & Metabolism, SAGE Publications, Vol. 25, No. 1 ( 2005-01), p. 98-107
    Abstract: The inhibitory activity of myelin-associated glycoprotein (MAG) on neurons is thought to contribute to the lack of regenerative capacity of the CNS after injury. The interaction of MAG and its neuronal receptors mediates bidirectional signaling between neurons and oligodendrocytes. The novel finding that an anti-MAG monoclonal antibody not only possesses the ability to neutralise the inhibitory effect of MAG on neurons but also directly protects oligodendrocytes from glutamate-mediated oxidative stress-induced cell death is reported here. Furthermore, administration of anti-MAG antibody (centrally and systemically) starting 1 hour after middle cerebral artery occlusion in the rat significantly reduced lesion volume at 7 days. This neuroprotection was associated with a robust improvement in motor function compared with animals receiving control IgG1. Together, these data highlight the potential for the use of anti-MAG antibodies as therapeutic agents for the treatment of stroke.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 0271-678X , 1559-7016
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.1038/sj.jcbfm.9600011
    Language: English
    Publisher: SAGE Publications
    Publication Date: 2005
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 2039456-1
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  • 7
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Management of Acute Traumatic Central Cord Syndrome: A Narrative Review
    SAGE Publications ; 2019
    In:  Global Spine Journal Vol. 9, No. 1_suppl ( 2019-05), p. 89S-97S
    Details
    In: Global Spine Journal, SAGE Publications, Vol. 9, No. 1_suppl ( 2019-05), p. 89S-97S
    Abstract: Narrative review. Objectives: To provide an updated overview of the management of acute traumatic central cord syndrome (ATCCS). Methods: A comprehensive narrative review of the literature was done to identify evidence-based treatment strategies for patients diagnosed with ATCCS. Results: ATCCS is the most commonly encountered subtype of incomplete spinal cord injury and is characterized by worse sensory and motor function in the upper extremities compared with the lower extremities. It is most commonly seen in the setting of trauma such as motor vehicles or falls in elderly patients. The operative management of this injury has been historically variable as it can be seen in the setting of mechanical instability or preexisting cervical stenosis alone. While each patient should be evaluated on an individual basis, based on the current literature, the authors’ preferred treatment is to perform early decompression and stabilization in patients that have any instability or significant neurologic deficit. Surgical intervention, in the appropriate patient, is associated with an earlier improvement in neurologic status, shorter hospital stay, and shorter intensive care unit stay. Conclusions: While there is limited evidence regarding management of ATCCS, in the presence of mechanical instability or ongoing cord compression, surgical management is the treatment of choice. Further research needs to be conducted regarding treatment strategies and patient outcomes.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 2192-5682 , 2192-5690
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.1177/2192568219830943
    Language: English
    Publisher: SAGE Publications
    Publication Date: 2019
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 2648287-3
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