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  • 1
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Characteristics of the Florida Cognitive Activities Scale in Older African Americans
    SAGE Publications ; 2008
    In:  Assessment Vol. 15, No. 1 ( 2008-03), p. 72-77
    Details
    In: Assessment, SAGE Publications, Vol. 15, No. 1 ( 2008-03), p. 72-77
    Abstract: Substantial research effort has recently focused on the potential protective effect of cognitively demanding activities on cognitive decline in late life. A significant methodological issue in this effort has been the lack of consistency in approaches to the operational measurement of cognitive activity. In this study, data in support of the reliability and construct validity of the recently developed Florida Cognitive Activities Scale (FCAS) in a sample of 223 African American older adults are provided. Consistent with the findings of the Schinka et al. study using a sample of Whites, the FCAS full scale showed a reasonably high level of internal consistency, small negative correlations with age and a measure of depressive symptomatology, and moderate positive correlations with years of education and neuropsychological measures of overall cognitive functioning, memory, and executive functioning. Even after controlling for the effects of age, education, and gender, the full scale score contributed significantly to the prediction of global cognitive functioning. The results of this study suggest that the FCAS is a reliable and valid measure of cognitive activities in older African Americans and provides additional, although not causative, evidence in support of the hypothesis of a protective effect of cognitive activity against cognitive decline regardless of ethnicity or race.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 1073-1911 , 1552-3489
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.1177/1073191107307509
    Language: English
    Publisher: SAGE Publications
    Publication Date: 2008
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 2083220-5
    SSG: 5,2
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  • 2
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Health-Related Quality of Life in Community-Dwelling Older Whites and African Americans
    SAGE Publications ; 2009
    In:  Journal of Aging and Health Vol. 21, No. 2 ( 2009-04), p. 336-349
    Details
    In: Journal of Aging and Health, SAGE Publications, Vol. 21, No. 2 ( 2009-04), p. 336-349
    Abstract: Objective: This study assesses structural and functional characteristics of Short Form-36 Health Survey (SF-36) domains using community-based samples of older Whites and African Americans. Although the eight domains of the SF-36 have by convention been collapsed into two summary categories— physical health and mental health—the authors examine a three-factor model including physical health, mental health, and general well-being. They hypothesized that the general well-being factor would be a mediator between physical and mental health in both groups. Method: Analyses using structural equation modeling provide support for the approach. Results: In both White and African American samples, the three-factor model demonstrated a better fit than the two-factor model. Also, in both groups, general well-being mediated the relationship between physical health and mental health. Discussion: Findings suggest that general well-being serves as an intervening step between physical and mental health in both White and African American older adults.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 0898-2643 , 1552-6887
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.1177/0898264308329001
    Language: English
    Publisher: SAGE Publications
    Publication Date: 2009
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 2034469-7
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  • 3
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Effects of Apolipoprotein E-ε4 and -ε2 in Amnestic Mild Cognitive Impairment and Dementia in Shanghai: SCOBHI-P
    SAGE Publications ; 2010
    In:  American Journal of Alzheimer's Disease & Other Dementiasr Vol. 25, No. 3 ( 2010-05), p. 233-238
    Details
    In: American Journal of Alzheimer's Disease & Other Dementiasr, SAGE Publications, Vol. 25, No. 3 ( 2010-05), p. 233-238
    Abstract: Objective: To determine apolipoprotein E (APOE)-ε4 and -ε2 frequencies and risk of mild cognitive impairment (MCI) and dementia in Shanghai, China. Methods: A total of 34 MCI and 34 dementia cases were recruited from an urban Memory Disorders Clinic and 32 controls were recruited from a residential community served by the clinic. Apolipoprotein E was genotyped using standard methods. Results: Among controls, frequencies were ε2, 0.11; ε3, 0.84; and ε4, 0.05; among MCI, 0.05, 0.77, and 0.18; and for dementia, 0.02, 0.84, and 0.15, respectively. In education-adjusted models, the odds ratio (OR) = 5.6 for dementia (95% CI = 1.09-29.3) and 4.7 for MCI (95% CI = 0.90-25.2) associated with any ε4 allele. The ε2 allele was inversely associated with dementia (OR = 0.12, 95% CI = 0.013-0.997) and MCI (OR = 0.38, 95% CI = 0.08-1.61). Conclusions: APOE-ε4 increases and -ε2 decreases the risk of dementia vs normal cognition. Similar trends were observed for amnestic mild cognitive impairment (aMCI).
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 1533-3175 , 1938-2731
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.1177/1533317509357736
    Language: English
    Publisher: SAGE Publications
    Publication Date: 2010
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 2235173-5
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  • 4
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    The Role of Social Engagement in Life Satisfaction: Its Significance among Older Individuals with Disease and Disability
    SAGE Publications ; 2004
    In:  Journal of Applied Gerontology Vol. 23, No. 3 ( 2004-09), p. 266-278
    Details
    In: Journal of Applied Gerontology, SAGE Publications, Vol. 23, No. 3 ( 2004-09), p. 266-278
    Abstract: The present study examines social engagement (social network and participationin social activities) and its relation to life satisfaction among 354 community-dwelling, cognitively intact older individuals (M age = 72.4 years) with different combinations of disease and disability. Specifically, the analysis focused on individuals with disease but no disability (N = 186) and those with both disease and disability (N = 168). Individuals with both disease and disability had significantly lower levels of participation in social activities and life satisfaction; however, their level of social engagement was more strongly associated with life satisfaction as compared with individuals with disease but no disability. Disabled individuals may compensate for their lower physical function by placing more emphasis on social networks and social activities. Implications for enhancing social engagement and improving the quality of life among disabled older individuals are discussed.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 0733-4648 , 1552-4523
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.1177/0733464804267579
    Language: English
    Publisher: SAGE Publications
    Publication Date: 2004
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 2089028-X
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 155897-3
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  • 5
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Religiosity, Adherence to Traditional Culture, and Psychological Well-Being Among African American Elders
    SAGE Publications ; 2006
    In:  Journal of Applied Gerontology Vol. 25, No. 5 ( 2006-11), p. 343-355
    Details
    In: Journal of Applied Gerontology, SAGE Publications, Vol. 25, No. 5 ( 2006-11), p. 343-355
    Abstract: To expand our knowledge on the role of religiosity in African American culture, this study assessed the associations among religiosity, adherence to traditional African American culture, and psychological well-being. Regression models of psychological well-being, indexed with depressive symptoms and life satisfaction, were tested using a representative sample of 255 community-dwelling African American older adults in Hillsborough County, Florida. The direct effect of religiosity was found to be significant for both depressive symptoms and life satisfaction. A significant interaction between religiosity and adherence to African American culture was observed in the prediction of life satisfaction. Further analyses indicated that the positive effect of religiosity on life satisfaction was stronger in the more traditional group compared to that in the less traditional group. The results demonstrate that the benefits of religiosity do not exist uniformly across all African Americans but vary by the level of adherence to traditional culture.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 0733-4648 , 1552-4523
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.1177/0733464806291934
    Language: English
    Publisher: SAGE Publications
    Publication Date: 2006
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 2089028-X
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 155897-3
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  • 6
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Alcohol, Gender, and Cognitive Performance : A Longitudinal Study Comparing Older Japanese and Non-Hispanic White Americans
    SAGE Publications ; 2004
    In:  Journal of Aging and Health Vol. 16, No. 5 ( 2004-11), p. 615-640
    Details
    In: Journal of Aging and Health, SAGE Publications, Vol. 16, No. 5 ( 2004-11), p. 615-640
    Abstract: Background: Recent data demonstrate that moderate consumption of alcohol may be beneficial to cognition. Design: Longitudinal growth curve analyses controlling for variables related to cognition were used to examine the relationship between alcohol consumption, ethnic differences, gender, and cognition over a 4-year-follow-up period. Sample: The sample included 1,836 Japanese American and 2,581 Non-Hispanic White American community-dwelling adults age 65 and older who were cognitively intact at baseline and participated in at least one follow-up examination. Measurement: Cognitive performance was measured using the Cognitive Abilities Screening Instrument (CASI) and reaction time. Results: Current drinkers scored significantly higher on CASI over time than past drinkers or abstainers. The same association between alcohol and CASI was observed in both genders and both ethnic groups. Conclusion: This study provides support regarding the potential beneficial outcomes associated with alcohol consumption and cognition and that these benefits were not modified by gender or ethnicity.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 0898-2643 , 1552-6887
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.1177/0898264304268587
    Language: English
    Publisher: SAGE Publications
    Publication Date: 2004
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 2034469-7
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  • 7
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Very Early Detection of Alzheimer Neuropathology and the Role of Brain Reserve in Modifying Its Clinical Expression
    SAGE Publications ; 2005
    In:  Journal of Geriatric Psychiatry and Neurology Vol. 18, No. 4 ( 2005-12), p. 218-223
    Details
    In: Journal of Geriatric Psychiatry and Neurology, SAGE Publications, Vol. 18, No. 4 ( 2005-12), p. 218-223
    Abstract: Numerous studies show that the pathology of Alzheimer’s disease is present decades before a clinical diagnosis of dementia can be made. Given the likelihood that agents will become available that reliably delay onset and/or slow progression of Alzheimer’s disease, it will be important to detect preclinical Alzheimer’s disease as early as possible for maximal treatment effect. Detection of individuals by sensitive cognitive measures provides one way to identify people who are at high risk of developing clinical Alzheimer’s disease. However, it is likely that those with considerable brain or cognitive reserve will be able to mask cognitive deficits until very close to the onset of the dementia, rendering such cognitive measures insensitive. Optimum biomarkers for Alzheimer’s disease therefore need to target the severity of underlying brain pathology independently of brain reserve. Findings are presented showing the importance of higher education and larger brain size in masking the underlying disease pathology.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 0891-9887 , 1552-5708
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.1177/0891988705281869
    Language: English
    Publisher: SAGE Publications
    Publication Date: 2005
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 2094096-8
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  • 8
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Negative Life Events and Cognitive Performance in a Population of Older Adults
    SAGE Publications ; 2007
    In:  Journal of Aging and Health Vol. 19, No. 4 ( 2007-08), p. 612-629
    Details
    In: Journal of Aging and Health, SAGE Publications, Vol. 19, No. 4 ( 2007-08), p. 612-629
    Abstract: Objectives: This study examined the association between negative life events in the past year and cognitive performance in a population of older adults. Methods: Secondary data analysis was conducted on 428 participants from the Charlotte County Healthy Aging Study. Participants completed tests of episodic memory, attention, and psychomotor speed and endorsed the presence and severity of 24 life events. Life events were examined in the aggregate as well as individually. Results: Hierarchical multiple regression results suggest no significant relationship between the aggregate frequency and severity measures of negative life events and cognitive performance. At the individual-event level, individuals who experienced the injury or illness of a friend during the past year and rated it as having more of an effect on their lives performed better on all three cognitive tasks. However, individuals who reported having less money to live on over the past year and rated the event as having more of an effect on their lives performed more poorly on the psychomotor speed tasks. Discussion: The findings support previous research indicating that using estimates of individual stressors rather than aggregate stress measures increases the predictive validity of stress measurement. Furthermore, the individual negative life events can have both a positive and a negative effect, which nullify one another when using the sum score of events.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 0898-2643 , 1552-6887
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.1177/0898264307300975
    Language: English
    Publisher: SAGE Publications
    Publication Date: 2007
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 2034469-7
    SSG: 5,2
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