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  • 1
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Sodium oxybate in maintaining alcohol abstinence in alcoholic patients according to Lesch typologies: A pilot study
    SAGE Publications ; 2014
    In:  Journal of Psychopharmacology Vol. 28, No. 1 ( 2014-01), p. 23-30
    Details
    In: Journal of Psychopharmacology, SAGE Publications, Vol. 28, No. 1 ( 2014-01), p. 23-30
    Abstract: Sodium oxybate (SO) is a γ-amino-butyric acid (GABA)-ergic drug currently used for the treatment of alcohol dependence (AD) in some European countries. The aim of this study was to describe the effect of SO administration in alcoholics classified according to Lesch alcoholism typology (LAT). Forty-eight patients were enrolled and classified into four groups according to LAT. All patients were treated with oral SO (50 mg/kg of body weight t.i.d.) for 12 weeks. All patients significantly reduced their alcohol intake ( p 〈 0.001). Alcohol abstinence during the 12 weeks of treatment did not differ between the four groups at the end of treatment. Craving for SO did not significantly differ amongst groups; cases of SO abuse were very limited and were observed in almost 10% of patients. In conclusion, our study showed an overall efficacy of SO in the treatment of AD irrespective of LAT categories. However, our results confirm that alcoholics with psychiatric co-morbidity, particularly with a borderline personality disorder of Axis II, are at a greater risk of developing craving for and abuse of the drug: until craving for alcohol and craving for SO are characterized in depth, SO should be used with caution in these patients.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 0269-8811 , 1461-7285
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.1177/0269881113504015
    Language: English
    Publisher: SAGE Publications
    Publication Date: 2014
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 2028926-1
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  • 2
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    The (AAT) n repeat of the cannabinoid CB 1 receptor gene influences disease progression in relapsing multiple sclerosis
    SAGE Publications ; 2011
    In:  Multiple Sclerosis Journal Vol. 17, No. 3 ( 2011-03), p. 281-288
    Details
    In: Multiple Sclerosis Journal, SAGE Publications, Vol. 17, No. 3 ( 2011-03), p. 281-288
    Abstract: Background: Genetic and pharmacological inactivation of cannabinoid CB 1 receptors (CB 1 Rs) exacerbates disease course in experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis, suggesting that CB 1 Rs might play a role in the neurodegenerative damage associated with multiple sclerosis (MS). Objectives: To see whether CNR1 gene polymorphism could influence disease progression in relapsing–remitting MS. Methods: The genotype of 350 patients for the number of AAT repeats was characterized and correlation studies were performed with measures of disease severity and progression. Results: MS patients with the homozygous genotype for long AAT repeats in the CNR1 gene had more severe disease and higher risk of progression. These subjects had significantly higher scores on both the progression index and the MS severity scale. Furthermore, the percentage of patients with MS functional composite score progression or Bayesian Risk Estimate for MS (BREMS) score ≥2 (considered at very high risk of secondary progression) was significantly higher in the AAT long group than in the short group, while the frequency of patients with BREMS score ≤−0.63 (very likely to remain progression-free) was not significantly different between the two groups, although lower in the long group. Finally, the frequency of patients prescribed a second-line treatment was significantly higher among subjects of the AAT long group, providing a further, indirect indication of higher disease severity. Conclusions: The results of the present investigation point to CB 1 R as an important modulator of disease severity in relapsing MS subjects.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 1352-4585 , 1477-0970
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.1177/1352458510388680
    Language: English
    Publisher: SAGE Publications
    Publication Date: 2011
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 2008225-3
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  • 3
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Migraine with Aura-Like Syndrome Due to Arteriovenous Malformation. The Clinical Value of Transcranial Doppler in Early Diagnosis
    SAGE Publications ; 1992
    In:  Cephalalgia Vol. 12, No. 2 ( 1992-04), p. 115-119
    Details
    In: Cephalalgia, SAGE Publications, Vol. 12, No. 2 ( 1992-04), p. 115-119
    Abstract: Arteriovenous malformations are an acknowledged cause of migraine that can long constitute the only clinical manifestation before bleeding. We describe two cases of patients suffering from symptoms like migraine with aura in whom arteriovenous malformations were detected by transcranial Doppler examination. We suggest that a screening of migraine patients to prevent bleeding from a possible underlying unruptured arteriovenous malformation could be performed by using transcranial Doppler, a non-invasive and low cost examination.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 0333-1024 , 1468-2982
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.1046/j.1468-2982.1992.1202115.x
    Language: English
    Publisher: SAGE Publications
    Publication Date: 1992
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 2019999-5
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  • 4
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Effect of Smoking on Cerebrovascular Reactivity
    SAGE Publications ; 1996
    In:  Journal of Cerebral Blood Flow & Metabolism Vol. 16, No. 4 ( 1996-07), p. 746-749
    Details
    In: Journal of Cerebral Blood Flow & Metabolism, SAGE Publications, Vol. 16, No. 4 ( 1996-07), p. 746-749
    Abstract: Current smoking is a risk factor for stroke. The aim of this study was to evaluate the effect of smoking one cigarette on cerebral hemodynamics. Using transcranial Doppler ultrasound, we studied the changes of flow velocity after hypercapnia in the middle cerebral arteries (MCAs) of 24 healthy young smokers and 24 healthy controls matched for age and sex. We obtained hypercapnia with breath-holding and evaluated cerebrovascular reactivity with the breath-holding index. In smokers, the evaluation was performed during basal condition, immediately after smoking one cigarette, and at 10-, 20-, and 30-min intervals thereafter. In controls, the evaluation was performed at corresponding time intervals. Breath-holding index (BHI) values at rest were similar for both controls and smokers. In the former, breath-holding index values remained constant for each of the different evaluations. On the contrary, in smokers, breath-holding index values were significantly lower immediately ( p 〈 0.0001), at 10 min ( p 〈 0.001), and at 20 min ( p 〈 0.0001) after smoking with respect to baseline values. Smoking also caused more short-lasting changes, in this case increases in mean flow velocity (MFV), heart rate (HR), and mean blood pressure (MBP). These results suggest that a failure of cerebrovascular regulation occurs after smoking. This phenomenon might contribute to the increased risk of cerebrovascular disease in current smokers.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 0271-678X , 1559-7016
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.1097/00004647-199607000-00027
    Language: English
    Publisher: SAGE Publications
    Publication Date: 1996
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 2039456-1
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  • 5
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Sodium oxybate plus nalmefene for the treatment of alcohol use disorder: A case series
    SAGE Publications ; 2016
    In:  Journal of Psychopharmacology Vol. 30, No. 4 ( 2016-04), p. 402-409
    Details
    In: Journal of Psychopharmacology, SAGE Publications, Vol. 30, No. 4 ( 2016-04), p. 402-409
    Abstract: The treatment of alcohol use disorder still remains a challenge. The efficacy of the combined pharmacological treatment for alcohol use disorder has been widely investigated with controversial results. The aim of our case series was to investigate the effect of nalmefene in patients not responding to sodium oxybate therapy. We describe seven cases of consecutive patients affected by alcohol use disorder, and treated with sodium oxybate (50 mg/kg per day) who did not achieve complete alcohol abstinence after at least one month of pharmacological treatment. Then, in partial- and non-responder patients to sodium oxybate treatment, administration of nalmefene, 18 mg as needed, was commenced. Our data show that, during the first month of the combined treatment of sodium oxybate plus nalmefene, patients were able to achieve alcohol abstinence (two patients), to suppress (five cases) or reduce (two patients) episodes of heavy drinking days, and to suppress the onset of craving for sodium oxybate (one patient). Likely, nalmefene may act in modulating the excessive reward effect of sodium oxybate, which may be responsible for the persistence of alcohol intake and for the onset of craving for sodium oxybate. However, controlled clinical trials to confirm the safety and efficacy of sodium oxybate plus nalmefene in treating alcohol use disorder are warranted.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 0269-8811 , 1461-7285
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.1177/0269881116629126
    Language: English
    Publisher: SAGE Publications
    Publication Date: 2016
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 2028926-1
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  • 6
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Arthropod colonisation of a debris-covered glacier
    SAGE Publications ; 2011
    In:  The Holocene Vol. 21, No. 2 ( 2011-03), p. 343-349
    Details
    In: The Holocene, SAGE Publications, Vol. 21, No. 2 ( 2011-03), p. 343-349
    Abstract: The largest debris-covered glacier in the Alps (Miage Glacier, western Italian Alps) has been studied to explore the effects of debris-cover extent and depth on the spatial distribution of ground-dwelling arthropods. A multitaxa approach has been used to compare taxa richness and distribution to the functional role (dietary habits) of each taxon along the glacier tongue. Spiders and ground beetles have been studied in detail. Taxa richness declines with distance from the wooded sites (in front of the glacier tongue) to those above the glacier tongue. At each of the supraglacial sites, spiders, ground beetles, aphids, springtails and flies were found. A change in the dominance of the different functional roles was observed along the tongue. Wooded sites are characterised by predatory (e.g. spiders, beetles), detrivore (e.g. springtails and certain flies), phytophagous (e.g. aphids, certain beetles) and parasitoid (e.g. certain wasps) assemblages, whereas at the debris-covered sites, aphids, flies and springtails are likely to be prey for spiders and beetles. The species richness of the predominant predators (spiders and beetles) shows a positive relationship with vegetation cover and debris thickness. Two mutually exclusive spider and ground beetle assemblages were found; one within the debris cover and one within the wooded sites. In our opinion, debris-covered glaciers are acting as a refuge area for the cryophil stenotherm species living at higher altitudes which descend the glacial tongue to lower elevations. A similar hypothesis supports the biogeographical interpretation of the distribution of many boreo-alpine relict species in the Alps. We discuss our results in the light of possible future scenarios which suggest an increase in debris cover with global warming.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 0959-6836 , 1477-0911
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.1177/0959683610374885
    RVK:
    RA 1000
    Language: English
    Publisher: SAGE Publications
    Publication Date: 2011
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 2027956-5
    SSG: 14
    SSG: 3,4
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