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  • 1
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Attention Network Test reveals alerting network dysfunction in multiple sclerosis
    SAGE Publications ; 2010
    In:  Multiple Sclerosis Journal Vol. 16, No. 1 ( 2010-01), p. 93-99
    Details
    In: Multiple Sclerosis Journal, SAGE Publications, Vol. 16, No. 1 ( 2010-01), p. 93-99
    Abstract: Attention is one of the cognitive domains typically affected in multiple sclerosis. The Attention Network Test was developed to measure the function of the three distinct attentional networks, alerting, orienting, and executive control. The Attention Network Test has been performed in various neuropsychiatric conditions, but not in multiple sclerosis. Our objective was to investigate functions of attentional networks in multiple sclerosis by means of the Attention Network Test. Patients with relapsing—remitting multiple sclerosis (n = 57) and healthy controls (n = 57) matched for age, sex, and education performed the Attention Network Test. Significant differences between patients and controls were detected in the alerting network (p = 0.003), in contrast to the orienting (p = 0.696) and the conflict (p = 0.114) network of visual attention. Mean reaction time in the Attention Network Test was significantly longer in multiple sclerosis patients than in controls (p = 0.032), Multiple sclerosis patients benefited less from alerting cues for conflict resolution compared with healthy controls. The Attention Network Test revealed specific alterations of the attention network in multiple sclerosis patients which were not explained by an overall cognitive slowing.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 1352-4585 , 1477-0970
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.1177/1352458509350308
    Language: English
    Publisher: SAGE Publications
    Publication Date: 2010
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  • 2
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    Distinct functionality of neutrophils in multiple sclerosis and neuromyelitis optica
    SAGE Publications ; 2016
    In:  Multiple Sclerosis Journal Vol. 22, No. 2 ( 2016-02), p. 160-173
    Details
    In: Multiple Sclerosis Journal, SAGE Publications, Vol. 22, No. 2 ( 2016-02), p. 160-173
    Abstract: In contrast to multiple sclerosis (MS), lesions in neuromyelitis optica (NMO) frequently contain neutrophils. However, the phenotypic profile of neutrophils in these two distinct pathologies remains unknown. Objective: Our aim is to better understand the potential contribution of neutrophils to NMO and MS pathology. Methods: We performed the first functional analysis of blood neutrophils in NMO and MS, including evaluation of neutrophil immune response (fMLP receptor, TLR2), chemotaxis and migration (CXCR1, CD62L, CD43), regulation of complement (CD46, CD55, CD59), respiratory burst, phagocytosis and degranulation. Results: Compared with healthy controls (HC), neutrophils in NMO and MS show an activated phenotype characterized by an increased surface expression of TLR2 and fMLP receptor. However, contrary to MS neutrophils, NMO neutrophils show reduced adhesion and migratory capacity as well as decreased reduced production of reactive oxygen species (respiratory burst) and degranulation. Conclusion: Although NMO and MS neutrophils display an activated phenotype in comparison with HC, NMO neutrophils show a compromised functionality when compared with MS patients. These results suggest a distinct functional profile of neutrophils in MS and NMO.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 1352-4585 , 1477-0970
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.1177/1352458515586084
    Language: English
    Publisher: SAGE Publications
    Publication Date: 2016
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  • 3
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    Characterizing the phenotype of multiple sclerosis–associated depression in comparison with idiopathic major depression
    SAGE Publications ; 2016
    In:  Multiple Sclerosis Journal Vol. 22, No. 11 ( 2016-10), p. 1476-1484
    Details
    In: Multiple Sclerosis Journal, SAGE Publications, Vol. 22, No. 11 ( 2016-10), p. 1476-1484
    Abstract: Depression is a common co-morbidity in patients with multiple sclerosis (MS). While somatic symptoms of MS correlate with depression levels, it is unclear whether the clinical presentation of MS-associated depression differs from patients with “idiopathic” major depressive disorder (MDD). Objective: To compare the clinical phenotype of depression among MS and idiopathic MDD patients. Methods: Mean relative contribution of individual Beck Depression Inventory-II (BDI-II) items was evaluated among n = 139 patients with relapsing-remitting MS and n = 85 MDD patients without somatic illness. Next, comparisons were repeated in n = 38 MS with clinically relevant depressive symptoms (BDI-II  〉  19) and n = 38 MDD patients matched for sex, age, and depression severity. Finally, the underlying construct of depression was compared across groups using confirmatory factor analysis (CFA). Results: Comparisons on a whole-group level produced the expected differences along somatic/non-somatic symptoms. However, when appropriately controlling for depression severity, age, and sex, only four items contributed differentially to BDI-II total scores in MS versus MDD. CFA suggested that the underlying depression construct is essentially identical in both groups. Conclusion: The clinical phenotype of “idiopathic” MDD and MS-associated depression appears similar when adequately examined. The relevance of these findings for psychotherapeutic approaches for MS-associated depression should be explored in future studies.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 1352-4585 , 1477-0970
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.1177/1352458515622826
    Language: English
    Publisher: SAGE Publications
    Publication Date: 2016
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  • 4
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    Online Resource
    Retinal ganglion cell and inner plexiform layer thinning in clinically isolated syndrome
    SAGE Publications ; 2013
    In:  Multiple Sclerosis Journal Vol. 19, No. 14 ( 2013-12), p. 1887-1895
    Details
    In: Multiple Sclerosis Journal, SAGE Publications, Vol. 19, No. 14 ( 2013-12), p. 1887-1895
    Abstract: Axonal and neuronal damage are widely accepted as key events in the disease course of multiple sclerosis. However, it has been unclear to date at which stage in disease evolution neurodegeneration begins and whether neuronal damage can occur even in the absence of acute inflammatory attacks. Objective: To characterize inner retinal layer changes in patients with clinically isolated syndrome (CIS). Method: 45 patients with CIS and age- and sex-matched healthy controls were investigated using spectral domain optical coherence tomography. Patients’ eyes were stratified into the following categories according to history of optic neuritis (ON): eyes with clinically-diagnosed ON (CIS-ON), eyes with suspected subclinical ON (CIS-SON) as indicated by a visual evoked potential latency of 〉 115ms and eyes unaffected by ON (CIS-NON). Results: CIS-NON eyes showed significant reduction of ganglion cell- and inner plexiform layer and a topography similar to that of CIS-ON eyes. Seven eyes were characterized as CIS-SON and likewise showed significant retinal layer thinning. The most pronounced thinning was present in CIS-ON eyes. Conclusion: Our findings indicate that retinal pathology does occur already in CIS. Intraretinal layer segmentation may be an easily applicable, non-invasive method for early detection of retinal pathology in patients unaffected by ON.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 1352-4585 , 1477-0970
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.1177/1352458513489757
    Language: English
    Publisher: SAGE Publications
    Publication Date: 2013
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  • 5
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    Online Resource
    Cognition in patients with neuromyelitis optica spectrum disorders: A prospective multicentre study of 217 patients (CogniNMO-Study)
    SAGE Publications ; 2023
    In:  Multiple Sclerosis Journal Vol. 29, No. 7 ( 2023-06), p. 819-831
    Details
    In: Multiple Sclerosis Journal, SAGE Publications, Vol. 29, No. 7 ( 2023-06), p. 819-831
    Abstract: There is limited and inconsistent information on the prevalence of cognitive impairment in neuromyelitis optica spectrum disorders (NMOSD). Objective: To assess cognitive performance and changes over time in NMOSD. Methods: This study included data from 217 aquaporin-4-IgG-seropositive (80%) and double-seronegative NMOSD patients. Cognitive functions measured by Symbol Digit Modalities Test (SDMT), Paced Auditory Serial-Addition Task (PASAT), and/or Multiple Sclerosis Inventory Cognition (MuSIC) were standardized against normative data ( N = 157). Intraindividual cognitive performance at 1- and 2-year follow-up was analyzed. Cognitive test scores were correlated with demographic and clinical variables and assessed with a multiple linear regression model. Results: NMOSD patients were impaired in SDMT ( p = 0.007), MuSIC semantic fluency ( p  〈  0.001), and MuSIC congruent speed ( p  〈  0.001). No significant cognitive deterioration was found at follow-up. SDMT scores were related to motor and visual disability ( p Bon   〈  0.05). No differences were found between aquaporin-4-IgG-seropositive and double-seronegative NMOSD. Conclusions: A subset of NMOSD patients shows impairment in visual processing speed and in semantic fluency regardless of serostatus, without noticeable changes during a 2-year observation period. Neuropsychological measurements should be adapted to physical and visual disabilities.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 1352-4585 , 1477-0970
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.1177/13524585231151212
    Language: English
    Publisher: SAGE Publications
    Publication Date: 2023
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  • 6
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    Online Resource
    Pain in AQP4-IgG-positive and MOG-IgG-positive neuromyelitis optica spectrum disorders
    SAGE Publications ; 2018
    In:  Multiple Sclerosis Journal - Experimental, Translational and Clinical Vol. 4, No. 3 ( 2018-07), p. 205521731879668-
    Details
    In: Multiple Sclerosis Journal - Experimental, Translational and Clinical, SAGE Publications, Vol. 4, No. 3 ( 2018-07), p. 205521731879668-
    Abstract: Pain is a frequent symptom in aquaporin-4-immunoglobulin-G-positive neuromyelitis optica spectrum disorders (AQP4-IgG-pos. NMOSD). Data on pain in myelin-oligodendrocyte-glycoprotein-immunoglobulin-G autoimmunity with a clinical NMOSD phenotype (MOG-IgG-pos. NMOSD) are scarce. Objective The objective of this paper is to investigate pain in MOG-IgG-pos. NMOSD, AQP4-IgG-pos. NMOSD and NMOSD without AQP4/MOG-IgG detection (AQP4/MOG-IgG-neg. NMOSD). Methods Forty-nine MOG-IgG-pos. ( n = 14), AQP4-IgG-pos. ( n = 29) and AQP4/MOG-IgG-neg. ( n = 6) NMOSD patients were included in this cross-sectional baseline analysis from an ongoing observational study. We identified spinal cord lesions on magnetic resonance imaging, assessed pain by the painDETECT and McGill Pain questionnaires, quality of life by Short Form Health Survey, and depression by Beck Depression Inventory. Results Twelve MOG-IgG-pos. NMOSD patients (86%), 24 AQP4-IgG-pos. NMOSD patients (83%), and all AQP4/MOG-IgG-neg. NMOSD patients (100%) suffered from pain. MOG-IgG-pos. NMOSD patients had mostly neuropathic pain and headache; AQP4-IgG-pos. and AQP4/MOG-IgG-neg. NMOSD patients had mostly neuropathic pain. A history of myelitis was less frequent in MOG-IgG-pos. NMOSD than in AQP4-IgG-pos. NMOSD patients. Pain influenced quality of life in all patients. Thirty-six percent of patients with pain received pain medication; none of them were free of pain. Conclusions Pain is a frequent symptom of patients with MOG-IgG-pos. NMOSD and is as important as in AQP4-IgG-pos. and AQP4/MOG-IgG-neg. NMOSD. Despite its impact on quality of life, pain is insufficiently alleviated by medication.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 2055-2173 , 2055-2173
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.1177/2055217318796684
    Language: English
    Publisher: SAGE Publications
    Publication Date: 2018
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  • 7
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    Online Resource
    Longitudinal analysis of T1w/T2w ratio in patients with multiple sclerosis from first clinical presentation
    SAGE Publications ; 2021
    In:  Multiple Sclerosis Journal Vol. 27, No. 14 ( 2021-12), p. 2180-2190
    Details
    In: Multiple Sclerosis Journal, SAGE Publications, Vol. 27, No. 14 ( 2021-12), p. 2180-2190
    Abstract: Cross-sectional studies suggest normal appearing white matter (NAWM) integrity loss may lead to cortical atrophy in late-stage relapsing-remitting multiple sclerosis (MS). Objective: To investigate the relationship between NAWM integrity and cortical thickness from first clinical presentation longitudinally. Methods: NAWM integrity and cortical thickness were assessed with 3T magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) in 102 patients with clinically isolated syndrome or early MS (33.2 (20.1–60.1) years old, 68% female) from first clinical presentation over 2.8 ± 1.6 years. Fifty healthy controls (HCs) matched for age and sex were included. NAWM integrity was evaluated using the standardized T1w/T2w ratio (sT1w/T2w). The association between sT1w/T2w and cortical thickness was assessed using linear mixed models. The effect of disease activity was investigated using the No Evidence of Disease Activity (NEDA-3) criteria. Results: At baseline, sT1w/T2w ( p = 0.152) and cortical thickness ( p = 0.489) did not differ from HCs. Longitudinally, decreasing sT1w/T2w was associated with cortical thickness and increasing lesion burden (marginal R 2  = 0.061). The association was modulated by failing NEDA-3 (marginal R 2  = 0.097). Conclusion: sT1w/T2w may be a useful MRI biomarker for early MS, detecting relevant NAWM damage over time using conventional MRI scans, although with less sensitivity compared to quantitative measures.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 1352-4585 , 1477-0970
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.1177/13524585211003479
    Language: English
    Publisher: SAGE Publications
    Publication Date: 2021
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  • 8
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    Are there Epstein–Barr virus seronegative patients with multiple sclerosis?
    SAGE Publications ; 2013
    In:  Multiple Sclerosis Journal Vol. 19, No. 9 ( 2013-08), p. 1242-1243
    Details
    In: Multiple Sclerosis Journal, SAGE Publications, Vol. 19, No. 9 ( 2013-08), p. 1242-1243
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 1352-4585 , 1477-0970
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.1177/1352458512472751
    Language: English
    Publisher: SAGE Publications
    Publication Date: 2013
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  • 9
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    Online Resource
    Gadopentetate but not gadobutrol accumulates in the dentate nucleus of multiple sclerosis patients
    SAGE Publications ; 2017
    In:  Multiple Sclerosis Journal Vol. 23, No. 7 ( 2017-06), p. 963-972
    Details
    In: Multiple Sclerosis Journal, SAGE Publications, Vol. 23, No. 7 ( 2017-06), p. 963-972
    Abstract: Previous studies have postulated an association between dentate nucleus T1 hyperintensity and multiple sclerosis (MS)-related progressive neurodegeneration. Therefore, MS patients have been excluded from most studies investigating brain deposition of gadolinium-based contrast agents (GBCAs). Objective: To study the hypothesis that dentate nucleus T1 hyperintensity in MS patients is associated with GBCA administration. Methods: In a cohort of 97 MS patients, the dentate-to-pons signal intensity ratio (DPSIR) was calculated for 265 consecutive T1-weighted magnetic resonance (MR) scans (including sessions with and without the administration of GBCA). Patients exclusively received either gadopentetate dimeglumine (Gd-DTPA, linear) or gadobutrol (Gd-BT-DO3A, macrocyclic). Results: In patients receiving Gd-DTPA, DPSIR increased significantly between the first and the last scan (+0.009, p  〈  0.001), and following magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) with Gd-DTPA administration as compared to following an MRI without Gd-DTPA administration (+0.005 vs −0.001; p = 0.022). Additionally, there was a positive linear relationship between the number of Gd-DTPA administrations and the increase in DPSIR ( p = 0.017). No DPSIR increase was observed after Gd-BT-DO3A administration. Conclusion: Dentate nucleus T1 hyperintensity in MS patients is associated with Gd-DTPA (but not Gd-BT-DO3A) administration, suggesting an alternative explanation for the association of T1 hyperintensity with disease duration and severity.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 1352-4585 , 1477-0970
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.1177/1352458516670738
    Language: English
    Publisher: SAGE Publications
    Publication Date: 2017
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  • 10
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    Spinal cord lesions and atrophy in NMOSD with AQP4-IgG and MOG-IgG associated autoimmunity
    SAGE Publications ; 2019
    In:  Multiple Sclerosis Journal Vol. 25, No. 14 ( 2019-12), p. 1926-1936
    Details
    In: Multiple Sclerosis Journal, SAGE Publications, Vol. 25, No. 14 ( 2019-12), p. 1926-1936
    Abstract: Spinal cord (SC) affection is a hallmark symptom of neuromyelitis optica spectrum disorders (NMOSD). Patients with aquaporin-4 (AQP4-IgG+) or myelin oligodendrocyte glycoprotein (MOG-IgG+) antibody seropositivity show this overlapping clinical phenotype. Objective: Quantitative comparison of SC lesions and atrophy in AQP4-IgG+ and MOG-IgG+ NMOSD. Methods: AQP4-IgG+ ( n = 38), MOG-IgG+ ( n = 15) NMOSD patients and healthy controls (HC, n = 24) were analysed for SC lesion (prevalence, length, location), atrophy as mean upper cervical cord area (MUCCA), Expanded Disability Status Scale (EDSS), timed 25-foot walk speed (T25FWS) and 9-hole peg test (9HPT) measures. Results: In total, 92% (35/38) of AQP4-IgG+ and 53% (8/15) of MOG-IgG+ patients had myelitis attacks (χ 2  = 6.47, p = 0.011). 65.8%/26.7% of AQP4-/MOG-IgG+ patients had chronic SC lesions (χ 2  = 5.16, p = 0.023), with similar proportions in cervical, upper thoracic and lower thoracic cord, and no length differences. MUCCA was decreased in AQP4-IgG+ ( t = –2.27, p = 0.028), but not MOG-IgG+ patients ( t = 0.58, p = 0.57) compared to HC. MUCCA associated with myelitis attacks (rho = –0.33, p = 0.016), EDSS (rho = –0.31, p = 0.030), pyramidal functional score (rho = –0.42, p = 0.003), T25FWS ( r = 0.43, p = 0.010) and 9HPT Z-score ( r = 0.32, p = 0.037), regardless of antibody status. Conclusion: AQP4-IgG+ patients had more myelitis attacks, SC lesions and SC atrophy was more pronounced than in MOG-IgG+ patients. MUCCA is associated with clinical myelitis attacks and disability in all NMOSD patients.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 1352-4585 , 1477-0970
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.1177/1352458518815596
    Language: English
    Publisher: SAGE Publications
    Publication Date: 2019
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