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  • 1
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    A continuous, high-resolution 8500-yr snow-avalanche record from western Norway
    SAGE Publications ; 2007
    In:  The Holocene Vol. 17, No. 2 ( 2007-02), p. 269-277
    Details
    In: The Holocene, SAGE Publications, Vol. 17, No. 2 ( 2007-02), p. 269-277
    Abstract: A record of Holocene snow-avalanche activity has been reconstructed from the presence of coarse ( 〉 1 mm) minerogenic particles in lake sediment cores retrieved from Vanndalsvatnet in western Norway. At this site, snow avalanches bring minerogenic debris and macroscopic plant remains from the adjacent valley side south of the lake onto the lake ice. When the lake ice melts during late spring, the debris sinks to the lake bottom. A flux record of the number of minerogenic particles 〉 1mm per unit time, obtained by combining two sediment cores from the lake, shows a significant increase in snow-avalanche activity after ~2000 cal. BP. Prior to that, periods with enhanced snow-avalanche activity around the lake occurred ~8500-8300, 8200-7900, 7300-6300, 5900-5400, 5000-4600, 3700-3400, 3100-2800, 2700-2600 and 2500-2300 cal. BP. The snow-avalanche record from western Norway has been compared with a record of Holocene snow-avalanche activity in the Møre area in western Norway, a record of Holocene river floods in eastern Norway, and Holocene debris-flow events in southern Norway. Knowledge of the past magnitude and frequency of extreme weather events, such as snow avalanches, may help making climate model simulations and scenarios of extreme weather events more reliable.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 0959-6836 , 1477-0911
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.1177/0959683607075855
    RVK:
    RA 1000
    Language: English
    Publisher: SAGE Publications
    Publication Date: 2007
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  • 2
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    Vegetation changes and plant wax biomarkers from an ombrotrophic bog define hydroclimate trends and human-environment interactions during the Holocene in northern Norway
    SAGE Publications ; 2020
    In:  The Holocene Vol. 30, No. 12 ( 2020-12), p. 1849-1865
    Details
    In: The Holocene, SAGE Publications, Vol. 30, No. 12 ( 2020-12), p. 1849-1865
    Abstract: Holocene climate records from northern Europe improve our understanding of important North Atlantic ocean and atmospheric circulation systems to long-term insolation-driven changes, as well as more rapid forcing and feedback mechanisms. Here we assess Holocene climate and environmental changes in northern Norway based on the analysis of pollen, non-pollen palynomorphs, plant macrofossils, and plant wax biomarkers from a high latitude ombrotrophic bog. We define the extent and thickness of Hollabåttjønnen Bog (0.16 km 2 ), which is located 10 km north of Tromsø. Several cores were analyzed, including a 5.16-m core that spans the last 9.5 cal ka BP. Vegetation changes from several sites were reconstructed and the distribution and hydrogen isotopic composition (δD) of n-alkanes (C 21 –C 33 ) were analyzed. Our data show several distinct climate intervals that primarily indicate changes in bog surface moisture. In the early Holocene (c. 9.5–7.7 cal ka BP), wetter conditions are defined by the presence of wetland sedges and grasses, higher concentrations of mid-chain length n-alkanes, and a similarity in δD values among homologs. A dry mid-Holocene (c. 7.7–3.8 cal ka BP) is inferred from the presence of a heath shrubland, low peat accumulations rates, and significant differences between δD values of mid- and long-chain length n-alkanes. The late Holocene (c. 3.8 cal ka BP-present) is marked by the onset of wetter conditions, lateral bog expansion, and an increase in sedges and grasses. The Hollabåttjønnen Bog record is also significant because its margins were an important location for human settlement. We correlate early Holocene environmental conditions with changes in Stone Age structures recently excavated, and we identify the occurrence of coprophilous fungi, such as Sporormiella and Sordaria, likely associated with reindeer grazing activity beginning c. 1 cal ka BP. This site therefore provides important regional paleoclimate information as well as context for evaluating local prehistoric human-environment interactions.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 0959-6836 , 1477-0911
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.1177/0959683620950456
    RVK:
    RA 1000
    Language: English
    Publisher: SAGE Publications
    Publication Date: 2020
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 2027956-5
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  • 3
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    Holocene glacier and climate fluctuations of the maritime ice cap Høgtuvbreen, northern Norway
    SAGE Publications ; 2016
    In:  The Holocene Vol. 26, No. 5 ( 2016-05), p. 736-755
    Details
    In: The Holocene, SAGE Publications, Vol. 26, No. 5 ( 2016-05), p. 736-755
    Abstract: Holocene fluctuations of a small outlet glacier from the ice cap Høgtuvbreen at 65° N in coastal northern Norway are reconstructed based on distal glacier-fed lake sediments, complemented by a moraine sequence dated by lichenometry. Glaciers respond to changes in accumulation-season precipitation, ablation-season temperature and redistribution of snow by wind. Hence, reconstructions of glacier fluctuations based on distal glacier-fed lakes may give detailed information about past climate at a potentially high temporal resolution. Yet, the importance of any of these climate components is often difficult to solve. Here, we apply the ‘Liestøl-relationship’, which expresses the relationship between ablation-season temperature and annual accumulation of snow at the equilibrium line altitude (ELA), to the reconstructed local temperature–precipitation–wind ELA (TPW-ELA) to infer the relative importance of winter-balance and ablation-season temperature as causes of reconstructed glacier variation. The reconstructions show a large glacier readvance corresponding with the 8.2-ka cold event and a sequence of eight distinct glacier advances and retreats during the Neoglacial time period bracket between 4300 ± 40 cal. yr BP and AD 1900. The glacier reached its Holocene maximum position in AD 1773 ± 29, subsequently followed by an ongoing unprecedented retreat, interrupted only by some minor halts and readvances. Based on a detailed comparison of our results with similar studies of both continental and maritime glaciers, as well as independent temperature proxy records across Scandinavia, we argue that significant and consistent deviations in ELA fluctuations between continental and maritime glaciers in the region are caused by a north–south migration of the arctic polar front. Additionally, we suggest that deviations in ELA fluctuations between Scandinavian maritime and continental glaciers around 7150, 6560, 6000, 5150, 3200 and 2200 cal. yr BP reflect the different response of continental and maritime glaciers to drops in total solar irradiance (TSI).
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 0959-6836 , 1477-0911
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.1177/0959683615618265
    RVK:
    RA 1000
    Language: English
    Publisher: SAGE Publications
    Publication Date: 2016
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 2027956-5
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  • 4
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    Glacier fluctuations, equilibrium-line altitudes and palaeoclimate in Lyngen, northern Norway, during the Lateglacial and Holocene
    SAGE Publications ; 2005
    In:  The Holocene Vol. 15, No. 4 ( 2005-05), p. 518-540
    Details
    In: The Holocene, SAGE Publications, Vol. 15, No. 4 ( 2005-05), p. 518-540
    Abstract: Based on lacustrine and morpho-stratigraphical evidence from Lyngen in Troms, northern Norway, 13 marginal moraines have been mapped in front of Lenangsbreene in Strupskardet. Moraines M1-M13 are inferred to represent glacier halts or advance/readvance taking place during the Lateglacial and Holocene. The presence of collapse depressions suggests that some of them were ice cored (M1-M3). A chronological framework, taking into account a combination of former shorelines and related glacier-meltwater channels, lichenometry and AMS radiocarbon-dated lacustrine sediments spanning the last 20 000 cal. yr BP, has been established. The distal glacier-fed lake Aspvatnet was isolated from the sea c 10 300 cal. yr BP, and the lacustrine sediments have been investigated by use of loss-on-ignition (LOI) magnetic susceptibility, water content, wet and dry bulk density (DBD), and the magnetic parameters anhysteretic remanent magnetization (ARM) and saturation remanent magnetization (SIRM). There is, in general, good agreement between physical sediment parameters and magnetic parameters. DBD, a combination of medium and fine silt and the two statistical parameters ‘sorting’ and ‘mean’ have been used to construct a high-resolution glacier-fluctuation curve for the last 3800 cal. yr BP. Based on an accumulation-area ratio (AAR) of 0.6 and an ablation-accumulation balance ratio (ABR) approach, a continuous temperature-precipitation-wind equilibrium-line altitude (TPW-ELA) curve for the last 20000 cal. yr BP has been constructed. Using an established exponential relationship between mean ablation-season temperature and mean annual solid precipitation at the ELA of Norwegian glaciers, variations in mean winter precipitation (snow) are quantified using an independent proxy for summer temperature. Mean annual winter precipitation varied from 500 to 5000 mm water equivalent, and on average, Holocene estimates are c. 50% higher than similar figures from the Lateglacial. The two driest periods occurred during Heinrich events 1 (HI) (17 500-16 500) and 0 (HO) (13 000-12 200), whereas freshwater pulses to the North Atlantic had apparently no systematic impact on mean winter precipitation. Based on the winter precipitation curve from Lyngen, the atmospheric circulation responded to the sea surface temperature (SST) lowering associated with HI and HO. The dry and cold climate during the events led to formation of talus-derived rock glaciers at sea level.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 0959-6836 , 1477-0911
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.1191/0959683605hl815rp
    RVK:
    RA 1000
    Language: English
    Publisher: SAGE Publications
    Publication Date: 2005
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 2027956-5
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  • 5
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    Wintertime extreme events recorded by lake sediments in Arctic Norway
    SAGE Publications ; 2019
    In:  The Holocene Vol. 29, No. 8 ( 2019-08), p. 1305-1321
    Details
    In: The Holocene, SAGE Publications, Vol. 29, No. 8 ( 2019-08), p. 1305-1321
    Abstract: New time series of long-term hydroclimate variability in the Arctic are urgently needed in order to better understand the response patterns to external forcing and changes in boundary conditions for global climate models. Here, we present a high-resolution record of mass-wasting events based on analyses of sediments deposited in Lake Svartvatnet. Based on novel methods such as x-ray computed tomography (CT), the volume of inorganic layers in Svartvatnet is calculated and allows us to investigate the frequency of mass-wasting events during the last 9000 years in Arctic Norway. The results show an increasing activity over the late Holocene with three main phases of an increased number of mass-wasting events at 6700–5200, 4500–2800 and 1700–500 cal. yr BP. We infer that the frequency of mass-wasting events is driven by wintertime precipitation with possible links to variations in North Atlantic Oscillation (NAO) index and changes in the zonal flow regime affecting the transport of moist air masses by the westerlies over Arctic Norway. Thus, we suggest that positive NAO conditions dominated in periods with high mass-wasting activity in the mid-Holocene and late Holocene and were separated by quiescent periods at 5200–4200 and 2700–1800 cal. yr BP that represent less dominant westerlies over Arctic Norway.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 0959-6836 , 1477-0911
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.1177/0959683619846983
    RVK:
    RA 1000
    Language: English
    Publisher: SAGE Publications
    Publication Date: 2019
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  • 6
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    Were abrupt Lateglacial and early-Holocene climatic changes in northwest Europe linked to freshwater outbursts to the North Atlantic and Arctic Oceans?
    SAGE Publications ; 2004
    In:  The Holocene Vol. 14, No. 2 ( 2004-02), p. 299-310
    Details
    In: The Holocene, SAGE Publications, Vol. 14, No. 2 ( 2004-02), p. 299-310
    Abstract: During the Lateglacial and early Holocene, abrupt, millennial-scale climatic variations are recorded in a wide range of high-resolution proxy records from marine and terrestrial archives in NW Europe. Our review of the evidence for these rapid climate events do not show an apparent link to possible forcing factors such as long-term, orbitally induced variations in solar radiation, short-term variations in solar activity as inferred from 14 C, atmospheric carbon dioxide concentration, or volcanic sulphate as recorded in the GISP2 ice-core record. There is, however, a remarkable degree of similarity with the number, duration and timing of episodes of increased flux of fresh water to the north Atlantic and Arctic Oceans from the Laurentide ice sheet and from the Baltic ice lake in SW Sweden. These freshwater outburst events occurred when continental runoff from the Laurentide ice sheet was rerouted from the Mississippi River to the Hudson River, St Lawrence River, Hudson Strait and along the Mackenzie River to the Atlantic and Arctic Oceans, and when the Baltic ice lake in SW Sweden drained to Skagerrak. Periods of increased freshwater flow to the North Atlantic and Arctic Oceans may thus provide a mechanism to explain the abrupt and significant Lateglacial and early Holocene climate events in NW Europe. The idea that freshwater outbursts might drive abrupt climate events is not new, but previous work may have underestimated the extent of support from proxy data and overestimated the influence of the Laurentide ice sheet.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 0959-6836 , 1477-0911
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.1191/0959683604hl708fa
    RVK:
    RA 1000
    Language: English
    Publisher: SAGE Publications
    Publication Date: 2004
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 2027956-5
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  • 7
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    Glacier and ocean variability in Ata Sund, west Greenland, since 1400 CE
    SAGE Publications ; 2020
    In:  The Holocene Vol. 30, No. 12 ( 2020-12), p. 1681-1693
    Details
    In: The Holocene, SAGE Publications, Vol. 30, No. 12 ( 2020-12), p. 1681-1693
    Abstract: To improve knowledge of marine-terminating glaciers in western Greenland, marine sediment cores from the Ata Sund fjord system, hosting two outlet glaciers, Eqip Sermia and Kangilerngata Sermia, were investigated. The main objective was to reconstruct glacial activity and paleoceanographic conditions during the past 600 years. Ice-rafted debris (IRD) was quantified by wet-sieving sediment samples and by using a computed tomography scan. Variability in relative bottom water temperatures in the fjord was reconstructed using foraminiferal analysis. On the basis of this, three periods of distinct glacial regimes were identified: Period 1 (1380–1810 CE), which covers the culmination of the Little Ice Age (LIA) and is interpreted as having advanced glaciers with high IRD content. Period 2 (1810–1920 CE), the end of the LIA, which was characterised by a lowering of the glaciers’ calving flux in response to climate cooling. During Period 3 (1920–2014 CE), both glaciers retreated substantially to their present-day extent. The bottom water temperature started to decrease just before Period 2 and remained relatively low until just before the end of Period 3. This is interpreted as a local response to increased glacial meltwater input. Our study was compared with a study in Disko Bay, nearby Jakobshavn Glacier and the result shows that both of these Greenlandic marine-terminating glaciers are responding to large-scale climate change. However, the specific imprint on the glaciers and the different fjord waters in front of them result in contrasting glacial responses and sediment archives in their respective fjords.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 0959-6836 , 1477-0911
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.1177/0959683620950431
    RVK:
    RA 1000
    Language: English
    Publisher: SAGE Publications
    Publication Date: 2020
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 2027956-5
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  • 8
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    Holocene palaeoclimate reconstructions at Vanndalsvatnet, western Norway, with particular reference to the 8200 cal. yr BP event
    SAGE Publications ; 2006
    In:  The Holocene Vol. 16, No. 5 ( 2006-07), p. 717-729
    Details
    In: The Holocene, SAGE Publications, Vol. 16, No. 5 ( 2006-07), p. 717-729
    Abstract: Analyses of organic content, magnetic susceptibility, grain size and pollen in sediments from the proglacial lake Vanndalsvatnet in western Norway provide a high-resolution terrestrial record and pollen-based quantitative estimates of mean July and January temperatures and annual precipitation across the ∼ 8200 cal. yr BP event. Glaciers in the catchment melted away at approximately 8600 cal. yr BP. Immediately following deglaciation, a series of thin minerogenic layers indicate several abrupt, short-lived glacial episodes peaking at ∼ 8550, 8450, 8350, 8250, 8200, 7900, 7300 and 7150 cal. yr BP. A single, mid-Holocene glacial episode occurred at 4900-4800 cal. yr BP. Between 2000 and 1400 cal. yr BP, six short-lived glacial episodes occurred ∼ 2000, 1900, 1800, 1700, 1600, and 1500 cal. yr BP. The part of Spørteggbreen that drains to Vanndalsvatnet has existed continuously since ∼ 1400 cal. yr BP. Just prior to a first loss-on-ignition minimum reflecting a glacial episode centred at 8200 cal. yr BP, pollen-inferred July temperatures were relatively high, January temperatures were low, and annual precipitation was relatively low. During the period 8200-7900 cal. yr BP, July temperatures showed a falling trend. Both January temperature and annual precipitation, however, were relatively high. After 7900 cal. yr BP, July temperatures increased, but both January temperatures and annual precipitation were lower than in the preceding period. The pollen analytical and sedimentary data suggest that the glacial advance during the Finse event seems not to have been a response to cooler summers, but to milder winters and increasing precipitation (similar to a positive North Atlantic Oscillation weather mode).
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 0959-6836 , 1477-0911
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.1191/0959683606hl954rp
    RVK:
    RA 1000
    Language: English
    Publisher: SAGE Publications
    Publication Date: 2006
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 2027956-5
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  • 9
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    Utilizing physical sediment variability in glacier-fed lakes for continuous glacier reconstructions during the Holocene, northern Folgefonna, western Norway
    SAGE Publications ; 2005
    In:  The Holocene Vol. 15, No. 2 ( 2005-02), p. 161-176
    Details
    In: The Holocene, SAGE Publications, Vol. 15, No. 2 ( 2005-02), p. 161-176
    Abstract: The maritime plateau glacier of northern Folgefonna in western Norway has a short (subdecadal) response time to climatic shifts, and is therefore well suited for reconstructing high-resolution glacier fluctuations. The reconstruction presented here is based on physical parameters of glaciolacustrine sediments retrieved from two glacier-fed lakes and a peat bog north of the ice cap. Bulk density and modelled glacier net mass balance for the last 200 years show a remarkably similar pattern, where maximum sediment yield lags the glacier net mass balance by-10 years. The record of glacier variations has been transferred into an equilibrium-line altitude (ELA) variation curve. Glaciers respond primarily to changes in summer temperature and winter precipitation. At present there is a high correlation between the North Atlantic Oscillation (NAO) index and measured (since the early 1960s) net mass balance on maritime glaciers in western Norway (r=-0.8). Reconstructed glacier variations from maritime western Norway are therefore considered indicative of the strength of the westerly airflow associated with NAO during the Holocene. The early phase of mid-Holocene glacier growth (5200 cal. yr BP) was characterized by gradual glacier expansion culminating in the first Subatlantic glacial event at 2300 cal. yr BP The climate during the last 2200 years has favoured increased glacier activity at Folgefonna. High-amplitude shifts in ELA may be explained by unstable modes of the westerlies causing significant variability of winter precipitation. During the last 2000 years, Folgefonna expanded and decayed with significant decadal variability. During the latest period of the‘Mediaeval Warm Epoch’, Folgefonna advanced. The Neoglacial maximum, however, was reached during the‘Little Ice Age’ at AD 1750 and AD 1870. The northern Folgefonna glacial record is compared to other Holocene glacier records in Scandinavia.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 0959-6836 , 1477-0911
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.1191/0959683605hl797rp
    RVK:
    RA 1000
    Language: English
    Publisher: SAGE Publications
    Publication Date: 2005
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 2027956-5
    SSG: 14
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  • 10
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    Holocene mean July temperature and winter precipitation in western Norvay inferred from palynological and glaciological lake-sediment proxies
    SAGE Publications ; 2005
    In:  The Holocene Vol. 15, No. 2 ( 2005-02), p. 177-189
    Details
    In: The Holocene, SAGE Publications, Vol. 15, No. 2 ( 2005-02), p. 177-189
    Abstract: Reconstructions of mean July temperature (T jul ) and winter precipitation (P w ) for the last 11/500 years on the Folgefonna peninsula are presented. T jul was reconstructed using pollen-climate transfer functions and P w was reconstructed based on the exponential relationship between mean solid winter precipitation and ablation-season temperature at the equilibrium-line altitude (ELA) with a reconstructed former ELA, using T jul as the proxy for ablation-season temperature. The reconstructions from the Folgefonna peninsula suggest that the early Holocene was relatively cool and dry until c. 8000 cal. yr BP, followed by a warm and humid mid-Holocene until c. 4000 cal. yr BP with inferred T jul above 12°C and P w reaching as high as 225% of the present day. Subsequent to c. 4000 cal. yr BP a reduction is seen in both inferred T jul and P w with large fluctuations during the last 500 years. In addition, new calculations of P w from two glaciers (Hardangerjøkulen and Jostedalsbreen) in southern Norway are presented. The results show that P w varied in phase at all glaciers, probably as a response to the same climate forcing factor. During the early Holocene a major shift is suggested between winds from the west and the east.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 0959-6836 , 1477-0911
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.1191/0959683605hl798rp
    RVK:
    RA 1000
    Language: English
    Publisher: SAGE Publications
    Publication Date: 2005
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 2027956-5
    SSG: 14
    SSG: 3,4
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