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  • 1
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    Online Resource
    Fish peduncle response during forward and backward propulsion
    SAGE Publications ; 2023
    In:  International Journal of Advanced Robotic Systems Vol. 20, No. 1 ( 2023-01-01), p. 172988062311517-
    Details
    In: International Journal of Advanced Robotic Systems, SAGE Publications, Vol. 20, No. 1 ( 2023-01-01), p. 172988062311517-
    Abstract: Fish is the master of fluid control, with high propulsive efficiency and great maneuverability. Carps are chosen for observations since they are the typical carangiform fish. We add some external stimuli on the fish and observe their responses. It is found that a fish attempts to escape backward or forward depending on the stimuli. The fish tries a greater number of its tail oscillations in a forward escape than in a backward escape. In the case of a forward escape, the retract stroke where the tail gets a concave shape (suitable for higher thrust generation) is faster than the forward stroke where the tail takes a convex shape (suitable for smaller drag), while vice versa in the case of a backward escape. Becoming concave or convex shapes of the tail and being faster or slower strokes all correspond to enhancing fluid momentum in the forward or backward directions where appropriate. The traveling wave of the body propagates backward and forward for the forward and backward escapes, respectively. The results provide a reference for bionic fish design and simulation.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 1729-8806 , 1729-8814
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.1177/17298806231151792
    Language: English
    Publisher: SAGE Publications
    Publication Date: 2023
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 2202393-8
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  • 2
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    Teleconnections between Bangladesh Summer Monsoon Rainfall and Sea Surface Temperature in the Indian Ocean
    SAGE Publications ; 2013
    In:  The International Journal of Ocean and Climate Systems Vol. 4, No. 4 ( 2013-12), p. 231-237
    Details
    In: The International Journal of Ocean and Climate Systems, SAGE Publications, Vol. 4, No. 4 ( 2013-12), p. 231-237
    Abstract: To explore the teleconnections between Bangladesh summer monsoon rainfall (BSMR) and sea surface temperature (SST) anomalies over different parts of the ocean have been examined from the years 1961–2008 (48-year). Global NCEP/NCAR reanalysis data of SST have been used at 2 degree by 2 degree grid in this study. A significant positive correlation (0.44) was found between the BSMR and SST over the southwest Indian Ocean (around 30° S) in the month of February. All other monthly (January to May) correlations were not found to be significant. The SST over the Bay of Bengal was positively correlated with BSMR but not significant. During summer monsoon season the prevailing wind has a south-westerly direction over Bangladesh. The SST over the southwest Indian Ocean is especially important at 30°–36° S latitude and 74°–78° E longitude to develop the linear regression model to predict summer monsoon rainfall in Bangladesh.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 1759-3131 , 1759-314X
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.1260/1759-3131.4.4.231
    Language: English
    Publisher: SAGE Publications
    Publication Date: 2013
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 2970619-1
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 2541704-6
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  • 3
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    Effect of Deficit Financing on Economic Growth in Bangladesh: Cointegration and VECM Approach
    SAGE Publications ; 2022
    In:  FIIB Business Review Vol. 11, No. 2 ( 2022-06), p. 174-188
    Details
    In: FIIB Business Review, SAGE Publications, Vol. 11, No. 2 ( 2022-06), p. 174-188
    Abstract: Bangladesh has been encountering a budget deficit since 1972 because of a decrease in the source of income. This paper aims to examine the effect of budget deficit financing on economic growth in Bangladesh throughout 1981–2018. Using secondary data, the paper uses the cointegration test, vector error correction mechanism (VECM) and Granger causality test. Johansen’s cointegration test outcomes find that the study variables are cointegrated and subsequently have a long-run nexus among the variables. The study finds that in the long run, government domestic debt (GDD), government external debt (GEXD) and money supply (MS) affect positively economic growth (RGDP). The outcomes of the VECM approach express that in the short run, GDD, external debt and MS negatively affect economic growth. Also, short-run causality runs from the GDD, GEXD and MS to economic growth. The Granger causality test result shows unidirectional causal nexus running from GDD to RGDP, RGDP to external debt and GEXD to MS, and bidirectional causal nexus between MS and GDD in Bangladesh. The study suggests the governments should enhance moderate levels of domestic and external borrowing and uses it in productive and efficient ways to accelerate economic growth in Bangladesh.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 2319-7145 , 2455-2658
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.1177/23197145211057339
    Language: English
    Publisher: SAGE Publications
    Publication Date: 2022
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 2963951-7
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  • 4
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    Factors associated with condom use negotiation by female sex workers in Bangladesh
    SAGE Publications ; 2013
    In:  International Journal of STD & AIDS Vol. 24, No. 10 ( 2013-10), p. 813-821
    Details
    In: International Journal of STD & AIDS, SAGE Publications, Vol. 24, No. 10 ( 2013-10), p. 813-821
    Abstract: Negotiation for condom use by female sex workers with their male clients can enhance condom use. A cross-sectional study was conducted among 1395 female sex workers; 439 from two brothels, 442 from 30 hotels, and 514 from streets of two cities in Bangladesh to determine the predictors of condom use negotiation. Consistent condom use rates in the 7 days prior to interview were reported to be 16.2%, 21.7%, and 4.5% among the brothel, hotel, and street-based female sex workers, respectively. Overall, 28.1% of female sex workers negotiated for condom use with their clients. Participation in behaviour change communication (BCC) programmes (AOR, 1.5; 95% CI, 1.2–2.0) and self-perceived risk of human immunodeficiency virus infection (AOR, 1.8 95% CI, 1.6–2.1) were positive predictors for condom negotiation. Compared to the hotel-based female sex workers, street (AOR, 0.6; 95% CI, 0.4–0.9) and brothel-based female sex workers (AOR, 0.7; 95% CI, 0.5–0.9) were less likely to negotiate for condom use. Female sex workers in Bangladesh are at high risk for sexually transmitted infection / human immunodeficiency virus infection because of low overall negotiation for condom use. Participation in BCC programmes had positive effect on condom negotiation by female sex workers, and should be strengthened in commercial sex venues.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 0956-4624 , 1758-1052
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.1177/0956462413486452
    Language: English
    Publisher: SAGE Publications
    Publication Date: 2013
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 2009782-7
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  • 5
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    Sustainable solar energy potential on marine passenger ships of Bay of Bengal: A way of reducing carbon dioxide emissions and disaster risk reduction
    SAGE Publications ; 2023
    In:  Energy Exploration & Exploitation Vol. 41, No. 5 ( 2023-09), p. 1697-1723
    Details
    In: Energy Exploration & Exploitation, SAGE Publications, Vol. 41, No. 5 ( 2023-09), p. 1697-1723
    Abstract: In Bangladesh, there are roughly 31 marine passenger ships that are in operation. These ships might be a good location for solar photovoltaic (PV) plants since solar energy is the best renewable energy to replace the fossil fuel used in the ships. A “tower rounded flower-shaped solar PV” system of PV panel arrangement—just looks like a “sunflower,” is proposed in this research. To harness maximum power, solar towers are designed in such a way that they may be freely rotated on their vertical axes and that the tilt angles of their solar panels can be adjusted from 0° to 50° on their horizontal axes freely. The “tower rounded flower-shaped solar PV” architecture of the PV array atop a maritime vessel is presented in this research along with a unique method for calculating the PV system's anticipated energy production. Finally calculated the realistic CO 2 emission reduction by using this approach for a sustainable future. Applying globalsolaratlas (for horizon and sun's path estimation); PVsyst 7.2, HOMER Pro, and NREL's PVWatt calculator (for solar radiation calculation); vesselfinder (for the number of vessels analysis); shiptraffic (for vessels path analysis), this research suggests that marine passenger vessels are one of the best places to construct a proposed “tower rounded flower-shaped solar PV” power plant. According to estimates, 17 passenger ships can produce roughly 1240 MW of electricity per year and may save approximately 325.56 tons of CO 2 gas emissions annually to the environment per year as compared to using fossil fuel-based power plants to produce electricity.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 0144-5987 , 2048-4054
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.1177/01445987231173097
    Language: English
    Publisher: SAGE Publications
    Publication Date: 2023
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 2026571-2
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  • 6
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    Medial Patellofemoral Ligament Reconstruction With a Divergent Patellar Transverse 2-Tunnel Technique
    SAGE Publications ; 2011
    In:  The American Journal of Sports Medicine Vol. 39, No. 12 ( 2011-12), p. 2647-2655
    Details
    In: The American Journal of Sports Medicine, SAGE Publications, Vol. 39, No. 12 ( 2011-12), p. 2647-2655
    Abstract: Background: The medial patellofemoral ligament (MPFL) is the primary passive restraint to lateral patellar dislocation and there is increasing awareness of its role in recurrent lateral patellar instability. Purpose: This study was conducted to prospectively analyze the functional results of a modified MPFL reconstruction technique in recurrent patellar dislocation. Study Design: Case series; Level of evidence, 4. Methods: Forty-eight patients (51 knees) with at least 3 episodes of lateral patellar dislocation who had been treated with a 6-month rehabilitation protocol were included in this study. All patients practiced sports regularly. Reconstruction was with a semitendinosus tendon using a divergent 2-tunnel technique. Outcome was evaluated with the Kujala, Larsen, modified Lysholm, and Fulkerson outcome scores. Patient satisfaction with range of motion, pain, and sporting activities was also assessed. Results: Three patients were lost at the final follow-up, giving a follow-up rate of 94%. The mean follow-up was 33 months. There was no patella dislocation postoperatively. The mean Kujala score improved significantly ( P 〈 .01) from 56.7 ± 17.7 (2 × standard deviation) preoperatively to 86.8 ± 14.4 postoperatively. The mean Larsen score improved significantly ( P 〈 .01) from 12.4 ± 3.2 to 17.1 ± 2.7. The mean Fulkerson score improved significantly ( P 〈 .01) from 59.2 ± 21.8 to 90.1 ± 14. The mean modified Lysholm score improved significantly ( P 〈 .01) from 57.6 ± 19.6 to 88.1 ± 16.2. Sixty-four percent of patients returned to the same type of sport at the same level, 16% reduced the level or type of sport for reasons unrelated to the surgery, while 20% reduced the level of sport or changed it for reasons related to surgery. Eighty-seven percent were either satisfied or very satisfied with the pain relief achieved. The patellar tilt decreased significantly from a preoperative mean of 11.1° to 8.9° at the last follow-up ( P = .02). The mean preoperative Insall-Salvati ratio of 1.1 decreased to 1.06, although the change was not significant ( P = .1). Conclusion: The results of modified MPFL reconstructions are encouraging, with minimal risks of redislocation and an overall patient satisfaction rate of over 80%. These early and medium-term results are comparable with those of other MPFL reconstruction techniques reported in the literature.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 0363-5465 , 1552-3365
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.1177/0363546511420079
    Language: English
    Publisher: SAGE Publications
    Publication Date: 2011
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 2063945-4
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  • 7
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    On whose terms: utilities, enterprises or communities? The territorial political economy of water and sanitation sector reforms in Dhaka
    SAGE Publications ; 2023
    In:  Environment and Urbanization Vol. 35, No. 1 ( 2023-04), p. 156-177
    Details
    In: Environment and Urbanization, SAGE Publications, Vol. 35, No. 1 ( 2023-04), p. 156-177
    Abstract: Citywide inclusive sanitation (CWIS) is becoming the dominant paradigm for achieving safe sanitation for all by 2030. Its technical benefits have been explored, but the bargaining over financial and organizational changes CWIS entails have not yet been adequately addressed. Our case study explains the stalled rollout of CWIS in Dhaka, Bangladesh. We analyse policy pathways over the past 30 years through a combined territorial political economy and power perspective to understand their effects on equality. We highlight how donors link the introduction of CWIS to the organization of sanitation through a market; how the utility uses CWIS as an opportunity to avoid costly responsibilities in non-sewered sanitation; and how service co-production through community-based solutions is neglected. CWIS has successfully overcome the dogmatic technological focus in the sanitation system, but for citywide sanitation to be scaled inclusively, the dogmatic focus in the organization and financing of the sanitation sector must also be overcome.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 0956-2478 , 1746-0301
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.1177/09562478221149915
    Language: English
    Publisher: SAGE Publications
    Publication Date: 2023
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 2056863-0
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  • 8
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    Cultural obstacles to women’s political empowerment in India and Bangladesh: A comparative perspective
    SAGE Publications ; 2022
    In:  Asian Journal of Comparative Politics Vol. 7, No. 3 ( 2022-09), p. 449-465
    Details
    In: Asian Journal of Comparative Politics, SAGE Publications, Vol. 7, No. 3 ( 2022-09), p. 449-465
    Abstract: This comparative case study explores the cultural obstructions that women members in reserved seats confront with regards to their political empowerment at the local council level – in the Gram Panchayat in India and the Union Parishad in Bangladesh. Primary data was collected from West Bengal in India and Rajshahi in Bangladesh between July 2018 and February 2019. The results are mixed, and varied significantly from country to country. Patriarchal behaviours are less dominant in the workplace for Indian women, whereas major challenges for Bangladeshi women come from their male colleagues. Proxy representation is still a significant form of male domination in India, while this is not a serious issue in Bangladesh. However, the interference of politicians is another form of male domination which restricts women from effective participation in local councils in India and Bangladesh. Harassment is extensively used to control women in politics in Bangladesh, whereas this is less exercised in India. Religion is no longer a dominant barrier to women’s political participation in either countries. Women members in both countries should fight against patriarchal behaviour and male domination in order to create an environment where they can talk about women’s interests in the decision-making process.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 2057-8911 , 2057-892X
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.1177/2057891121990742
    Language: English
    Publisher: SAGE Publications
    Publication Date: 2022
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 2851658-8
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  • 9
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    Arthroscopic Management of Chronic Patellar Tendinopathy
    SAGE Publications ; 2011
    In:  The American Journal of Sports Medicine Vol. 39, No. 9 ( 2011-09), p. 1975-1983
    Details
    In: The American Journal of Sports Medicine, SAGE Publications, Vol. 39, No. 9 ( 2011-09), p. 1975-1983
    Abstract: Background: In patients with patellar tendinopathy in whom nonoperative management is unsuccessful, surgery is an option to return to high levels of physical activity. Although open surgery is traditionally advocated, an arthroscopic approach may be safe and effective. Purpose: This study was undertaken to analyze medium- and long-term outcome of 64 patients undergoing arthroscopic surgery for the management of patellar tendinopathy after failing nonoperative treatment. Study Design: Case series; Level of evidence, 4. Methods: A total of 64 patients (73 knees), 27 of whom were professional athletes, with patellar tendinopathy refractory to nonoperative management underwent arthroscopic debridement of the adipose tissue of the Hoffa’s body posterior to the patellar tendon, debridement of abnormal patellar tendon, and excision of the lower pole of the patella. Preoperative and postoperative evaluation was undertaken using the International Knee Documentation Committee (IKDC), Lysholm knee scale, and Victorian Institute of Sport Assessment–Patella (VISA-P) scores for all patients at 1 and 3 years. No patients were lost to follow-up. Forty-three and 29 patients were similarly assessed at 5 and 10 years, respectively, after surgery. Return to sports and rehabilitation was also assessed. Results: The IKDC, Lysholm, and VISA-P scores all significantly improved at 1 and 3 years’ follow-up. The average preoperative IKDC score of 51.6 improved to 86.4 at both the 1- and 3-year stage. The average preoperative Lysholm score of 52.3 improved to 94.7 at 1-year follow-up and was 95.5 at 3-year follow-up. The average preoperative VISA-P score of 35.3 improved to 69.8 at the 1-year stage and was 70.7 at the 3-year follow-up. These scores remained significantly better for the patients assessed at 5 and 10 years’ follow-up. There were no postoperative complications. Nineteen of the 27 professional athletes returned to sports at the same level. Seven patients developed pain after sports within 3 years after the operation, a failure rate of 7 of 73 knees (9.6%). All patients were able to return to sports by 3 months. Conclusion: Arthroscopic surgery for patients with patellar tendinopathy, refractory to nonoperative management, appears to provide significant improvements in symptoms and function, with improvements maintained for at least 3 years. These results suggest that some patients may not be able to achieve their presymptom sporting level; or if they do, they may participate in sports with some degree of residual symptoms. Limited data show that these improvements are maintained for up to 10 years. Early return to sports may also be achieved.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 0363-5465 , 1552-3365
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.1177/0363546511410413
    Language: English
    Publisher: SAGE Publications
    Publication Date: 2011
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 2063945-4
    SSG: 31
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  • 10
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    A Clinical Device for Measuring Internal-External Rotational Laxity of the Knee
    SAGE Publications ; 2013
    In:  The American Journal of Sports Medicine Vol. 41, No. 1 ( 2013-01), p. 87-94
    Details
    In: The American Journal of Sports Medicine, SAGE Publications, Vol. 41, No. 1 ( 2013-01), p. 87-94
    Abstract: The dial test can be improved by providing reproducible, accurate measurements to improve diagnosis and treatment comparisons. Purpose: Validation of a rotational measurement device (RMD) for measuring knee internal-external rotational laxity. Study Design: Cohort study (diagnosis); Level of evidence, 2. Methods: The RMD consisted of 3 components: a femoral clamp and a tibial splint using paired inclinometers to measure rotations, and a boot to apply tibial internal-external rotation torque. A separate boot inclinometer allowed for foot rotations to be measured independently. The measurements were simultaneously compared with electromagnetic “nest of birds” (NOB) sensors. Sequential paired knee measurements were taken at 4, 6, and 8 N·m of torque at 30° and 90° of flexion in 46 volunteers. Results: The correlation coefficient was 0.92 (95% CI, 0.89 to 0.94) and 0.63 (95% CI, 0.54 to 0.70) between the NOB and RMD and between the NOB and boot inclinometer, respectively. Bland-Altman analysis revealed that the RMD was on average within 2° (95% CI, 1° to −4°) of NOB readings, whereas the boot overestimated by 34° (95% CI, −9° to −58°). Maximum side-to-side differences measured by the NOB, RMD, and boot were 1°, 3°, and 21°, respectively. The mean +2× standard deviation data gave a range of side-to-side differences of less than 5° for the RMD. The intraobserver intraclass correlation was 0.9 (95% CI, 0.78 to 0.97) at both 30° and 90° of flexion, and the 95% CI of the differences between readings taken on 2 occasions, the interobserver repeatability, was 1° or less. Conclusion: The novel clinical RMD for measuring rotational laxity of the knee was portable, easy, and comfortable to use in the clinical setting. The RMD showed significant correlation and accuracy compared with sensors of known high accuracy. Side-to-side differences of less than 5° were found in 95% of normal knees, compared with differences of 13° or more for clinical diagnosis of pathological rotational laxity. Measuring knee rotation at the foot showed poor correlation and accuracy.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 0363-5465 , 1552-3365
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.1177/0363546512469874
    Language: English
    Publisher: SAGE Publications
    Publication Date: 2013
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 2063945-4
    SSG: 31
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