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  • 11
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Thymidine Analogue Mutation Profiles: Factors Associated with Acquiring Specific Profiles and their Impact on the Virological Response to Therapy
    SAGE Publications ; 2005
    In:  Antiviral Therapy Vol. 10, No. 7 ( 2005-10), p. 791-802
    Details
    In: Antiviral Therapy, SAGE Publications, Vol. 10, No. 7 ( 2005-10), p. 791-802
    Abstract: Studies have suggested that HIV-1 may develop thymidine analogue mutations (TAMs) by one of two distinct pathways – the TAM1 pathway (including mutations 41L, 210W and 215Y) or the TAM2 pathway (including mutations 67N, 70R and 219E/Q) – under the pressure of a not fully suppressive thymidine-analogue-containing regimen. Methods Frozen plasma samples stored in the EuroSIDA repository were selected and sent to two central laboratories for genotypic analysis. We considered 733 patients with at least one genotypic test showing ≥1 TAMs (the first of these tests in chronological order was used). TAM1 and TAM2 genotypic profiles were defined in accordance with previous literature. Statistical modelling involved logistic regression and linear regression analysis for censored data. Results The observed frequencies of patterns classifiable as TAM1 or TAM2 profiles were markedly higher than the probabilities of falling into these classifications by chance alone. The chance of detecting a TAM2 profile increased by 25% per additional year of exposure to zidovudine. We found that mutations 67N and 184V were not associated with a particular TAM profile. In the presence of TAM2 profiles, the adjusted mean difference in the 6-month viral reduction was 0.96 log 10 copies/ml (95% confidence interval: 0.20; 1.73) higher in patients who started stavudine-containing regimens instead of zidovudine-containing regimens. Conclusions This study provides evidence that the suggested TAM clustering is a real phenomenon and that it may be driven by which thymidine analogue the patients has used. In patients with TAM2-resistant viruses, stavudine appears to retain greater viral activity than zidovudine.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 1359-6535 , 2040-2058
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.1177/135965350501000705
    Language: English
    Publisher: SAGE Publications
    Publication Date: 2005
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 2118396-X
    SSG: 15,3
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  • 12
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Relationship Between Anti-DFS70 Autoantibodies and Oxidative Stress
    SAGE Publications ; 2022
    In:  Biomarker Insights Vol. 17 ( 2022-01), p. 117727192110667-
    Details
    In: Biomarker Insights, SAGE Publications, Vol. 17 ( 2022-01), p. 117727192110667-
    Abstract: The anti-DFS70 autoantibodies are one of the most commonly and widely described agent of unknown clinical significance, frequently detected in healthy individuals. It is not known whether the DFS70 autoantibodies are protective or pathogenic. One of the factors suspected of inducing the formation of anti-DFS70 antibodies is increased oxidative stress. We evaluated the coexistence of anti-DFS70 antibodies with selected markers of oxidative stress and investigated whether these antibodies could be considered as indirect markers of oxidative stress. Methods: The intensity of oxidative stress was measured in all samples via indices of free-radical damage to lipids and proteins such as total oxidant status (TOS), concentrations of lipid hydroperoxides (LPH), lipofuscin (LPS), and malondialdehyde (MDA). The parameters of the non-enzymatic antioxidant system, such as total antioxidant status (TAS) and uric acid concentration (UA), were also measured, as well as the activity of superoxide dismutase (SOD). Based on TOS and TAS values, the oxidative stress index (OSI) was calculated. All samples were also tested with indirect immunofluorescence assay (IFA) and 357 samples were selected for direct monospecific anti DFS70 enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) testing. Results: The anti-DFS70 antibodies were confirmed by ELISA test in 21.29% of samples. Compared with anti-DFS70 negative samples we observed 23% lower concentration of LPH ( P = .038) and 11% lower concentration of UA ( P = .005). TOS was 20% lower ( P = .014). The activity of SOD was up to 5% higher ( P = .037). The Pearson correlation showed weak negative correlation for LPH, UA, and TOS and a weak positive correlation for SOD activity. Conclusion: In samples positive for the anti-DFS70 antibody a decreased level of oxidative stress was observed, especially in the case of samples with a high antibody titer. Anti-DFS70 antibodies can be considered as an indirect marker of reduced oxidative stress or a marker indicating the recent intensification of antioxidant processes.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 1177-2719 , 1177-2719
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.1177/11772719211066791
    Language: English
    Publisher: SAGE Publications
    Publication Date: 2022
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 2256754-9
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  • 13
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    Online Resource
    International Guidelines for Veterinary Tumor Pathology: A Call to Action
    SAGE Publications ; 2021
    In:  Veterinary Pathology Vol. 58, No. 5 ( 2021-09), p. 766-794
    Details
    In: Veterinary Pathology, SAGE Publications, Vol. 58, No. 5 ( 2021-09), p. 766-794
    Abstract: Standardization of tumor assessment lays the foundation for validation of grading systems, permits reproducibility of oncologic studies among investigators, and increases confidence in the significance of study results. Currently, there is minimal methodological standardization for assessing tumors in veterinary medicine, with few attempts to validate published protocols and grading schemes. The current article attempts to address these shortcomings by providing standard guidelines for tumor assessment parameters and protocols for evaluating specific tumor types. More detailed information is available in the Supplemental Files, the intention of which is 2-fold: publication as part of this commentary, but more importantly, these will be available as “living documents” on a website ( www.vetcancerprotocols.org ), which will be updated as new information is presented in the peer-reviewed literature. Our hope is that veterinary pathologists will agree that this initiative is needed, and will contribute to and utilize this information for routine diagnostic work and oncologic studies. Journal editors and reviewers can utilize checklists to ensure publications include sufficient detail and standardized methods of tumor assessment. To maintain the relevance of the guidelines and protocols, it is critical that the information is periodically updated and revised as new studies are published and validated with the intent of providing a repository of this information. Our hope is that this initiative (a continuation of efforts published in this journal in 2011) will facilitate collaboration and reproducibility between pathologists and institutions, increase case numbers, and strengthen clinical research findings, thus ensuring continued progress in veterinary oncologic pathology and improving patient care.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 0300-9858 , 1544-2217
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.1177/03009858211013712
    Language: English
    Publisher: SAGE Publications
    Publication Date: 2021
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 2106608-5
    SSG: 22
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  • 14
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Urological Disorders in Men : Urinary Incontinence and Benign Prostatic Hyperplasia
    SAGE Publications ; 2011
    In:  Journal of Pharmacy Practice Vol. 24, No. 4 ( 2011-08), p. 374-385
    Details
    In: Journal of Pharmacy Practice, SAGE Publications, Vol. 24, No. 4 ( 2011-08), p. 374-385
    Abstract: Urinary incontinence (UI) and benign prostatic hyperplasia (BPH) are 2 common urogenital problems in men. UI is associated with involuntary leakage of urine and lower urinary tract symptoms (LUTS) of urgency, frequency, and nocturia. Types of UI include functional, urge, stress, and overflow. Treatment for UI is based on the type of incontinence, patient-specific factors, and treatment preferences of both patients and health care providers. Options for the management of UI include environmental modifications, disposable incontinence products, pelvic floor exercises, pharmacotherapy, surgically implanted devices, and intermittent catheterization. BPH may be also associated with LUTS. Patient symptoms, assessed with a measurement tool such as the American Urological Association Symptom Index (AUASI), serve as the basis for determining treatment. Management approaches for BPH include pharmacotherapy, surgery, and minimally invasive procedures. Anticholinergic drugs as well as α-receptor antagonists and 5-α reductase inhibitors, either alone or in combination, are effective and useful for LUTS unresponsive to traditional pharmacotherapy. Transurethral resection of the prostate (TURP) can eliminate symptoms of BPH but is associated with relatively more complications than other available surgical and minimally invasive procedures.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 0897-1900 , 1531-1937
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.1177/0897190010397717
    Language: English
    Publisher: SAGE Publications
    Publication Date: 2011
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 2131091-9
    SSG: 15,3
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  • 15
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    Online Resource
    Experimental Transmission of Chronic Wasting Disease Agent from Mule Deer to Cattle by the Intracerebral Route
    SAGE Publications ; 2005
    In:  Journal of Veterinary Diagnostic Investigation Vol. 17, No. 3 ( 2005-05), p. 276-281
    Details
    In: Journal of Veterinary Diagnostic Investigation, SAGE Publications, Vol. 17, No. 3 ( 2005-05), p. 276-281
    Abstract: This communication reports final observations on experimental transmission of chronic wasting disease (CWD) from mule deer to cattle by the intracerebral route. Thirteen calves were inoculated intracerebrally with brain suspension from mule deer naturally affected with CWD. Three other calves were kept as uninoculated controls. The experiment was terminated 6 years after inoculation. During that time, abnormal prion protein (PrP res ) was demonstrated in the central nervous system (CNS) of 5 cattle by both immunohistochemistry and Western blot. However, microscopic lesions suggestive of spongiform encephalopathy (SE) in the brains of these PrP res -positive animals were subtle in 3 cases and absent in 2 cases. Analysis of the gene encoding bovine PRNP revealed homozygosity for alleles encoding 6 octapeptide repeats, serine (S) at codon 46, and S at codon 146 in all samples. Findings of this study show that although PrP res amplification occurred after direct inoculation into the brain, none of the affected animals had classic histopathologic lesions of SE. Furthermore, only 38% of the inoculated cattle demonstrated amplification of PrP res . Although intracerebral inoculation is an unnatural route of exposure, this experiment shows that CWD transmission in cattle could have long incubation periods (up to 5 years). This finding suggests that oral exposure of cattle to CWD agent, a more natural potential route of exposure, would require not only a much larger dose of inoculum but also may not result in amplification of PrP res within CNS tissues during the normal lifespan of cattle.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 1040-6387 , 1943-4936
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.1177/104063870501700313
    Language: English
    Publisher: SAGE Publications
    Publication Date: 2005
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 2265211-5
    SSG: 22
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  • 16
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Global Order: Values and Power in International Politics
    SAGE Publications ; 1987
    In:  International Journal Vol. 42, No. 2 ( 1987), p. 403-
    Details
    In: International Journal, SAGE Publications, Vol. 42, No. 2 ( 1987), p. 403-
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 0020-7020
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.2307/40202459
    Language: English
    Publisher: SAGE Publications
    Publication Date: 1987
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 2530042-8
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 2254714-9
    SSG: 8
    SSG: 3,6
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  • 17
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    The CPS 1976 American National Election Study (2 vols.).
    SAGE Publications ; 1979
    In:  Contemporary Sociology Vol. 8, No. 1 ( 1979-01), p. 46-
    Details
    In: Contemporary Sociology, SAGE Publications, Vol. 8, No. 1 ( 1979-01), p. 46-
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 0094-3061
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.2307/2064892
    RVK:
    MN 1000
    Language: Unknown
    Publisher: SAGE Publications
    Publication Date: 1979
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 121249-7
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 2010085-1
    SSG: 3,4
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  • 18
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    The Effects of Extra-articular Starting Point and Transtibial Femoral Drilling on the Intra-articular Aperture of the Tibial Tunnel in ACL Reconstruction
    SAGE Publications ; 2010
    In:  The American Journal of Sports Medicine Vol. 38, No. 4 ( 2010-04), p. 707-712
    Details
    In: The American Journal of Sports Medicine, SAGE Publications, Vol. 38, No. 4 ( 2010-04), p. 707-712
    Abstract: The recent emphasis on more horizontal femoral tunnel placement for single-bundle anterior cruciate ligament (ACL) reconstructions requires placing a femoral tunnel lower on the lateral wall of the notch. Some surgeons have advocated moving the starting point of the tibial tunnel farther medial to achieve this more horizontal tunnel. Purpose To compare tibial tunnel aperture changes with transtibial femoral tunnel drilling. Study Design Controlled laboratory study. Methods Twenty match-paired cadaveric knees (10 specimens) were randomized into 2 groups with equal right and left knee distribution. Ten of the knees underwent tibial tunnel drilling from a medial starting point (group 1), and the corresponding opposite knee of each cadaveric specimen had the tibial tunnel drilled from a central starting point (group 2). Computerized tomography (CT) with thin slices and 3-dimensional reconstruction was used to obtain the dimensions of the apertures, area of the apertures, angles of the tunnels, and location of the starting point and ending point of the tunnels. We also determined the location of the femoral tunnels in the notch for each of the groups. The 10 knees with medial starting points underwent transtibial femoral tunnel drilling and were restudied with CT to evaluate changes in tibial tunnel characteristics. The 10 knees with central starting points underwent femoral drilling from an anteromedial arthroscopic portal. Results Central tibial tunnels were slightly larger than medial tibial tunnels before femoral drilling (106.3 mm3 vs 92.4 mm3). After femoral drilling through the medial tunnels, the apertures were larger than the central tibial apertures (118.6 mm3 vs 106.3 mm3). Medial tibial tunnels resulted in an intra-articular aperture that was farther from the tibial tubercle (43.1 mm vs 16.3 mm), farther from the medial tibial plateau (38.3 mm vs 32.2 mm), and more acute in the coronal plane (50.4° vs 79.3°). Medial tibial tunnels resulted in an intra-articular aperture that was closer to the anterior edge of the tibia (22.6 mm vs 29.6 mm) but with a less acute sagittal plane angle (82.5° vs 54.5°). The average clock-face measurement on the femur was 10:40 (±14 minutes) for the medial starting point and 10:14 (±14 minutes) for the central starting point (drilled from an anteromedial arthroscopic portal) (P = .0016). Conclusion We observed significantly increased tibial aperture size and shape after transtibial femoral drilling with a medial tibial starting point. Medial tibial tunnels, compared with more central tunnels, resulted in a more acute tibial tunnel in the coronal plane and less acute tibial tunnels relative to the sagittal plane. Medial tibial tunnels started farther from the tibial tubercle but ended farther from the medial joint line and closer to the anterior edge of the tibia in comparison to central tunnels Clinical Relevance Femoral tunnel placements may be best accomplished using a technique other than transtibial drilling through a medial tibial tunnel. Tibial tunnel angle, intra-articular position, and femoral tunnel placement are affected by the choice of extra-articular starting position.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 0363-5465 , 1552-3365
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.1177/0363546509351818
    Language: English
    Publisher: SAGE Publications
    Publication Date: 2010
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 2063945-4
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  • 19
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    Meniscal Repair in the Setting of Revision Anterior Cruciate Ligament Reconstruction: Results From the MARS Cohort
    SAGE Publications ; 2020
    In:  The American Journal of Sports Medicine Vol. 48, No. 12 ( 2020-10), p. 2978-2985
    Details
    In: The American Journal of Sports Medicine, SAGE Publications, Vol. 48, No. 12 ( 2020-10), p. 2978-2985
    Abstract: Meniscal preservation has been demonstrated to contribute to long-term knee health. This has been a successful intervention in patients with isolated tears and tears associated with anterior cruciate ligament (ACL) reconstruction. However, the results of meniscal repair in the setting of revision ACL reconstruction have not been documented. Purpose: To examine the prevalence and 2-year operative success rate of meniscal repairs in the revision ACL setting. Study Design: Case-control study; Level of evidence, 3. Methods: All cases of revision ACL reconstruction with concomitant meniscal repair from a multicenter group between 2006 and 2011 were selected. Two-year follow-up was obtained by phone and email to determine whether any subsequent surgery had occurred to either knee since the initial revision ACL reconstruction. If so, operative reports were obtained, whenever possible, to verify the pathologic condition and subsequent treatment. Results: In total, 218 patients (18%) from 1205 revision ACL reconstructions underwent concurrent meniscal repairs. There were 235 repairs performed: 153 medial, 48 lateral, and 17 medial and lateral. The majority of these repairs (n = 178; 76%) were performed with all-inside techniques. Two-year surgical follow-up was obtained on 90% (197/218) of the cohort. Overall, the meniscal repair failure rate was 8.6% (17/197) at 2 years. Of the 17 failures, 15 were medial (13 all-inside, 2 inside-out) and 2 were lateral (both all-inside). Four medial failures were treated in conjunction with a subsequent repeat revision ACL reconstruction. Conclusion: Meniscal repair in the revision ACL reconstruction setting does not have a high failure rate at 2-year follow-up. Failure rates for medial and lateral repairs were both 〈 10% and consistent with success rates of primary ACL reconstruction meniscal repair. Medial tears underwent reoperation for failure at a significantly higher rate than lateral tears.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 0363-5465 , 1552-3365
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.1177/0363546520948850
    Language: English
    Publisher: SAGE Publications
    Publication Date: 2020
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 2063945-4
    SSG: 31
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  • 20
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    Meniscal and Articular Cartilage Predictors of Outcome After Revision ACL Reconstruction: A 6-Year Follow-up Cohort Study
    SAGE Publications ; 2023
    In:  The American Journal of Sports Medicine Vol. 51, No. 3 ( 2023-03), p. 605-614
    Details
    In: The American Journal of Sports Medicine, SAGE Publications, Vol. 51, No. 3 ( 2023-03), p. 605-614
    Abstract: Meniscal and chondral damage is common in the patient undergoing revision anterior cruciate ligament (ACL) reconstruction. Purpose: To determine if meniscal and/or articular cartilage pathology at the time of revision ACL surgery significantly influences a patient’s outcome at 6-year follow-up. Study Design: Cohort study; Level of evidence, 3. Methods: Patients undergoing revision ACL reconstruction were prospectively enrolled between 2006 and 2011. Data collection included baseline demographics, surgical technique, pathology, treatment, and scores from 4 validated patient-reported outcome instruments: International Knee Documentation Committee (IKDC), Knee injury and Osteoarthritis Outcome Score (KOOS), Western Ontario and McMaster Universities Osteoarthritis Index (WOMAC), and Marx Activity Rating Scale. Patients were followed up at 6 years and asked to complete the identical set of outcome instruments. Regression analysis assessed the meniscal and articular cartilage pathology risk factors for clinical outcomes 6 years after revision ACL reconstruction. Results: An overall 1234 patients were enrolled (716 males, 58%; median age, 26 years). Surgeons reported the pathology at the time of revision surgery in the medial meniscus (45%), lateral meniscus (36%), medial femoral condyle (43%), lateral femoral condyle (29%), medial tibial plateau (11%), lateral tibial plateau (17%), patella (30%), and trochlea (21%). Six-year follow-up was obtained on 79% of the sample (980/1234). Meniscal pathology and articular cartilage pathology (medial femoral condyle, lateral femoral condyle, lateral tibial plateau, trochlea, and patella) were significant drivers of poorer patient-reported outcomes at 6 years (IKDC, KOOS, WOMAC, and Marx). The most consistent factors driving outcomes were having a medial meniscal excision (either before or at the time of revision surgery) and patellofemoral articular cartilage pathology. Six-year Marx activity levels were negatively affected by having either a repair/excision of the medial meniscus (odds ratio range, 1.45-1.72; P≤ .04) or grade 3-4 patellar chondrosis (odds ratio, 1.72; P = .04). Meniscal pathology occurring before the index revision surgery negatively affected scores on all KOOS subscales except for sports/recreation ( P 〈 .05). Articular cartilage pathology significantly impaired all KOOS subscale scores ( P 〈 .05). Lower baseline outcome scores, higher body mass index, being a smoker, and incurring subsequent surgery all significantly increased the odds of reporting poorer clinical outcomes at 6 years. Conclusion: Meniscal and chondral pathology at the time of revision ACL reconstruction has continued significant detrimental effects on patient-reported outcomes at 6 years after revision surgery.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 0363-5465 , 1552-3365
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.1177/03635465231151389
    Language: English
    Publisher: SAGE Publications
    Publication Date: 2023
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 2063945-4
    SSG: 31
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