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  • Engineering  (216)
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  • 11
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Surface Modification and Bleaching of Pigmented Wool
    SAGE Publications ; 2001
    In:  Textile Research Journal Vol. 71, No. 5 ( 2001-05), p. 441-445
    Details
    In: Textile Research Journal, SAGE Publications, Vol. 71, No. 5 ( 2001-05), p. 441-445
    Abstract: We treat naturally pigmented karakul wool with a surface modification system of chlorination and catalytic bleaching, then examine its structure and properties. SEM photos reveal the surface morphology of karakul wool, and the Allwörden reaction shows the extent of damage to the epicuticle. The results show that the surface modification removes the bulk of the fiber scales and bleaching increases fiber whiteness. After bleaching, the felting propensity of karakul wool improves slightly and its dye uptake decreases. For modified and bleached karakul wool, the felting propensity decreases, the dyeing rate increases, and equilibrium exhaustion decreases compared with untreated karakul wool.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 0040-5175 , 1746-7748
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.1177/004051750107100512
    RVK:
    ZS 0001
    Language: English
    Publisher: SAGE Publications
    Publication Date: 2001
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 2209596-2
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  • 12
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Full-strain range characteristics of the Poisson’s ratio for coated biaxial warp-knitted fabrics under bias tensile loading
    SAGE Publications ; 2019
    In:  Textile Research Journal Vol. 89, No. 10 ( 2019-05), p. 1997-2009
    Details
    In: Textile Research Journal, SAGE Publications, Vol. 89, No. 10 ( 2019-05), p. 1997-2009
    Abstract: It is undeniable that full-strain range characteristics of Poisson’s ratios on the behaviors of a fabric composite are crucial. However, there have been relatively few papers devoted to this subject. In this study, tensile tests of seven bias angles with a 15° increment are conducted on a typical coated biaxial warp-knitted fabric (BWKF) to estimate the Poisson’s ratios in full-strain range. By utilizing the digital image correlation technique, experimental results are processed, and detailed responses of strain contours and Poisson’s ratios are determined for specific strain states. Then, two typical types, that is recession and peak types, of the Poisson’s ratio strain curves are proposed and their characteristics evolving with the strain, bias angle and stress state are discussed. Results show that characteristics of Poisson’s ratios and strain contours vary noticeably with the yarn orientations, strain and stress levels. As the strain increases, the Poisson’s ratio of peak type first ascends markedly, and then descends moderately after arriving at a peak, generating three distinct stages: the ascending, peak and post-peak stages; in contrast, the recession type only experiences a downward trend, resulting in two characteristic stages: the recession and stable stages. In addition, there is an M-shaped relationship between the Poisson’s ratio and bias angle, with a local valley at 45°, which is not consistent with results in previous works. This investigation could provide new insights into the orientation dependence, Poisson effect and warp–weft interaction mechanism of BWKFs.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 0040-5175 , 1746-7748
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.1177/0040517518783359
    RVK:
    ZS 0001
    Language: English
    Publisher: SAGE Publications
    Publication Date: 2019
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  • 13
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Static analysis model of a non-pneumatic tire with elastic spokes contacting with rigid ground
    SAGE Publications ; 2022
    In:  Proceedings of the Institution of Mechanical Engineers, Part D: Journal of Automobile Engineering Vol. 236, No. 9 ( 2022-08), p. 2173-2184
    Details
    In: Proceedings of the Institution of Mechanical Engineers, Part D: Journal of Automobile Engineering, SAGE Publications, Vol. 236, No. 9 ( 2022-08), p. 2173-2184
    Abstract: An analytical model of a non-pneumatic tire is proposed to study the static deformation responses of a non-pneumatic tire in contact with a rigid ground. The tire consists of a shear band which is formed by an annular beam, and elastic spokes that connect the shear band to the rigid hub of the tire. The shear band is modeled using a Timoshenko beam. The spokes are modeled by linear springs, which are distributed evenly in circumferential direction. Governing equations of the model were derived using a theoretical analysis. The shear band static deformation was obtained based on the discussion of the relationship between spoke stiffness and the parameters of the shear band. A finite element model was developed to verify the accuracy of the model. As a part of the results from this study, a parametric analysis of quantities of interest for the tire is presented, which can be used in improving the optimal design of non-pneumatic tires. This scheme offers a holonomic solution for the complicated differential equations and gives a computationally efficient tool for rapid analyzing and designing such systems.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 0954-4070 , 2041-2991
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.1177/09544070211048334
    RVK:
    ZO 4200
    Language: English
    Publisher: SAGE Publications
    Publication Date: 2022
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 2032754-7
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  • 14
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    The influence of the contact features on the tyre wear in steady-state conditions
    SAGE Publications ; 2017
    In:  Proceedings of the Institution of Mechanical Engineers, Part D: Journal of Automobile Engineering Vol. 231, No. 10 ( 2017-09), p. 1326-1339
    Details
    In: Proceedings of the Institution of Mechanical Engineers, Part D: Journal of Automobile Engineering, SAGE Publications, Vol. 231, No. 10 ( 2017-09), p. 1326-1339
    Abstract: This paper focuses on invetigating the relationship between the contact features of the tyres and the tyre wear in a quantitative sense as a function of the tyre structure and the manoeuvre parameters by utilizing a modified theoretical tyre wear model. The modified tyre wear model was developed by combining a modified ring model for the tyres and a modified brush model and was validated. The model parameters were also identified by physical experiments. Moreover, the contact features were characterized as the contact length, the asymmetry factor and the rolling resistance shift in order to investigate the influence of the contact features on the tyre wear. The amount of wear versus the three key variables of the contact features with variations in the tyre parameters was plotted and analysed. The results show that the maximum normal contact pressure does not play the most important role in the tyre wear. An increase in the damping coefficient can lead to an increase in the tyre wear, whereas increases in the effective elastic constant, the effective bending density and the effective bending stiffness result in a decrease in wear. The three key variables of the contact features increase with increasing vertical load, increasing rolling velocity and increasing damping coefficient and with decreasing inflation pressure and decreasing effective bending stiffness. The tyre wear follows the same trend when the three key variables increase or decrease synchronously. This analysis provides a quantitative indication of the relationship between the contact features and the tyre wear in order to obtain guidelines for tyre manufacturers on how to achieve less tyre wear.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 0954-4070 , 2041-2991
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.1177/0954407016671462
    RVK:
    ZO 4200
    Language: English
    Publisher: SAGE Publications
    Publication Date: 2017
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 2032754-7
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  • 15
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Characterization of dimethyl sulfoxide-treated wool and enhancement of reactive wool dyeing in non-aqueous medium
    SAGE Publications ; 2016
    In:  Textile Research Journal Vol. 86, No. 5 ( 2016-03), p. 533-542
    Details
    In: Textile Research Journal, SAGE Publications, Vol. 86, No. 5 ( 2016-03), p. 533-542
    Abstract: Wool pretreated with dimethyl sulfoxide (DMSO) was characterized and its dyeing behavior in non-aqueous green solvents was investigated. Reactive dyeing of wool in deep shades is challenging because the mandatory alkaline aftertreatment to match the fastness of mordant dyes inevitably causes damage to wool keratin. The current study showed that the colorfastness-integrity dilemma could be solved by replacing water with organic solvents as the dyeing medium. Covalent fixation is predominantly favored in solvent dyeing so that excellent colorfastness is achievable at any given shade without alkali aftertreatment. Compared with aqueous dyeing, solvent dyeing was found to give 30% higher covalent fixation on average, which translated to better colorfastness (0.5–1 grade) at higher color depth (Δ K/ S = 1.3–4.9). In addition, scanning electron microscopy, X-ray diffraction and attenuated total reflection-infrared spectroscopy results indicated that DMSO pretreatment induced morphological and structural changes of wool in favor of dyeability. The findings are crucial to the phasing-out of metal-containing dyes for eco-friendly wool dyeing.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 0040-5175 , 1746-7748
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.1177/0040517515591784
    RVK:
    ZS 0001
    Language: English
    Publisher: SAGE Publications
    Publication Date: 2016
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 2209596-2
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  • 16
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    Online Resource
    Qualitative analysis of cotton fiber pigment composition
    SAGE Publications ; 2021
    In:  Textile Research Journal Vol. 91, No. 3-4 ( 2021-02), p. 456-463
    Details
    In: Textile Research Journal, SAGE Publications, Vol. 91, No. 3-4 ( 2021-02), p. 456-463
    Abstract: Naturally colored cotton is a green textile material. To cultivate new colored cotton and improve its performance, we must first understand the types, composition, and formation mechanism of the pigments in colored cotton. This study aims to explore the composition and structure of cotton fiber pigments. Qualitative analyses of pigment extracts from brown cotton, green cotton, and white cotton fibers were carried out using ultraviolet spectroscopy, diagnostic agents, and liquid chromatography–mass spectrometry. The main component of cotton fiber pigments was flavonoids, and specific types of flavonoids were found in the pigments in brown cotton, green cotton, and white cotton fibers. Research on the composition of cotton fiber pigments can increase our understanding of colored cotton fibers and lay a foundation for the cultivation, planting, and development of colored cotton fibers, as well the identification of naturally colored cotton from dyed cotton.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 0040-5175 , 1746-7748
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.1177/0040517520932234
    RVK:
    ZS 0001
    Language: English
    Publisher: SAGE Publications
    Publication Date: 2021
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 2209596-2
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  • 17
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    High flame-retardant polyether sulfone/carbon fiber/polyethylene terephthalate fiber hybrid composites with low density
    SAGE Publications ; 2023
    In:  Textile Research Journal Vol. 93, No. 19-20 ( 2023-10), p. 4358-4371
    Details
    In: Textile Research Journal, SAGE Publications, Vol. 93, No. 19-20 ( 2023-10), p. 4358-4371
    Abstract: Polyether sulfone (PES) in filter material has been reported extensively. However, PES fibers have not yet been used in flame-retardant composites. This study systematically investigates the effect of PES/carbon fiber (CF)/polyethylene terephthalate (PET) fiber content, hot-pressing temperature, pressure, and duration on the flame-retardant property. The flame-retardant properties, tensile properties, morphology, and thermogravimetric analysis (TGA) have been studied. The results show that the optimum parameter is PES/CF/PET fiber content of 65/30/5 wt%, hot-pressing temperature of 270°C, hot-pressing pressure of 35 MPa, and hot-pressing duration of 50 min. The fiber hybrid composite has a 50% lower density compared to conventional CF composites. The sample successfully passes the vertical burning test (UL-94) V-0 flammability rating, and it can be immediately extinguished and no droplets are produced during the testing process. Further, the cone calorimeter results demonstrated that the composite also has a low heat release rate (the peak of the heat release rate is 47.226 kW/m 2 ) and a low smoke density (the peak of the smoke production rate is 0.0107 m 2 /s). The carbon residue rate of the PES/CF/PET fiber hybrid composite reached 44.45% at 900°C. The carbonization of the benzene ring on the PES fiber backbone is the main mechanism of flame retardancy of the PES/CF/PET fiber hybrid composite.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 0040-5175 , 1746-7748
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.1177/00405175231173155
    RVK:
    ZS 0001
    Language: English
    Publisher: SAGE Publications
    Publication Date: 2023
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 2209596-2
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  • 18
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    Characterizing combustion performance and PM emissions of an aviation compression ignition engine by fueling RP-3 kerosene and RP-3/pentanol blends
    SAGE Publications ; 2023
    In:  International Journal of Engine Research Vol. 24, No. 4 ( 2023-04), p. 1312-1326
    Details
    In: International Journal of Engine Research, SAGE Publications, Vol. 24, No. 4 ( 2023-04), p. 1312-1326
    Abstract: General aviation (GA) aircraft generally driven by aviation piston engines (APE) are currently experiencing promising growth globally. To relieve the fossil fuel scarce, the application of alternative fuels was extensively encouraged for green GA development. This study aims to investigate the suitability of using aviation kerosene rocket propellant 3 (RP-3) and its pentanol blends (by 30% volume fraction) in an aviation compression ignition (CI) engine, by comparing their combustion performance and emission characteristics differences under various injection timings with baseline diesel. The major combustion parameters including the in-cylinder pressure, heat release rate, ignition delay, combustion duration, indicated thermal efficiency (ITE), and indicated specific fuel consumption (ISFC) were evaluated as the crank angle (CA) 50 swept from 9 to 15° crank angle after top dead center (ATDC). The ITE of RP-3/Pentanol blends presented to be higher than those of diesel by 4.2%−5.0%, and pure RP-3 by 2.6%−3.4%. The improved ITE of the blended fuel is due to the longest ignition delay and the shortest combustion duration under all the CA50. Moreover, the particulate matter (PM) emissions with the number concentration, geometric mean diameter (GMD), size-resolved distribution characteristics were quantitatively analyzed for all the test fuels. RP-3/Pentanol dramatically reduced the number-based PM, by over 50% and two magnitudes of order lower than those of RP-3 and diesel, respectively. Improved PM emissions from the alcohol blends intensively was caused by the better premixing and evaporating states with subsequent homogeneous combustion. Additionally, the PM emissions of the three fuels exhibited different sensitivities to the varied injection timings. With the retardance of injection timings, the PM declined apparently for diesel and RP-3 due to prolonged ignition delay and decreased in-cylinder temperature, but remained nearly unchanged for RP-3/Pentanol because of the growth of nucleation mode PM.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 1468-0874 , 2041-3149
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.1177/14680874221086385
    RVK:
    ZG 1100
    Language: English
    Publisher: SAGE Publications
    Publication Date: 2023
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 2030603-9
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  • 19
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    Prediction and optimization of process parameters of electrospun polyacrylonitrile based on numerical simulation and response surface method
    SAGE Publications ; 2021
    In:  Textile Research Journal Vol. 91, No. 19-20 ( 2021-10), p. 2332-2344
    Details
    In: Textile Research Journal, SAGE Publications, Vol. 91, No. 19-20 ( 2021-10), p. 2332-2344
    Abstract: There is a strong coupling relationship between the process parameters of electrospun polyacrylonitrile (PAN) and its fiber diameter. By examining the mechanism of influence, the quality of electrospun products can be significantly improved and controlled. In this study, a novel idea for predicting and optimizing electrospun PAN process parameters was proposed. First, the control equation of the electrospun PAN was established based on the incompressible Navier–Stokes equation, and the volume force (generated via electric field force, gravity, and surface tension) and jet velocity during electrospinning were solved and analyzed via simulation software. Then, grey correlation analysis was used to calculate the correlation among the three process parameters (applied voltage, feed rate, and distance between the needle and collector) of the electrospun PAN, volume force, jet velocity, and average fiber diameter. Subsequently, the effect of simultaneous changes in multiple process parameters on the average fiber diameter was examined based on the response surface method, and a prediction model was established. Finally, the experimental results indicated that the model can predict the average fiber diameter when multiple process parameters are simultaneously changed. The model predicted the average fiber diameter with an error of only 0.28%, and the optimized minimum fiber average diameter was 235.3 nm (the applied voltage was 12 kV, the distance between the needle and collector was 15.6 cm, the feed rate was 0.37 mL/h). This study provides a theoretical basis for the on-line monitoring of the electrospun PAN.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 0040-5175 , 1746-7748
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.1177/00405175211003986
    RVK:
    ZS 0001
    Language: English
    Publisher: SAGE Publications
    Publication Date: 2021
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 2209596-2
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  • 20
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    Detecting Pills in Fabric Images Based on Multi-scale Matched Filtering
    SAGE Publications ; 2009
    In:  Textile Research Journal Vol. 79, No. 15 ( 2009-10), p. 1389-1395
    Details
    In: Textile Research Journal, SAGE Publications, Vol. 79, No. 15 ( 2009-10), p. 1389-1395
    Abstract: The recognition and segmentation of pills in fabric images based on multi-scale matched filtering are introduced in this paper. According to the asymptotic intensity change of a pill, the pill was modeled using a Gaussian function. A matched filter is designed for detecting fabric pills. However, big pills and small pills may distribute randomly in an image and are hard to be detected simultaneously with the filter. To solve this problem, a group of matched filters, with variable-size convolution kernels using the multi-scale expansion and shrinkage properties of the wavelet function, are generated and convolved with the fabric image. Then pills, at each output of matched filtering, are recognized and we determined whether pills exist in the local area by merging all of the outputs of the multi-scale matched filtering. Finally, pills in the local area, where the existence of pills has been confirmed, are further segmented using an adaptive threshold method based on mean and weighted variance. The detection of pills on a real image shows that this method can satisfy the recognition and segmentation of different size pills and is helpful for quantitatively describing the pilling information.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 0040-5175 , 1746-7748
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.1177/0040517508099913
    RVK:
    ZS 0001
    Language: English
    Publisher: SAGE Publications
    Publication Date: 2009
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 2209596-2
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