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  • SAGE Publications  (7)
  • Geography  (7)
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  • SAGE Publications  (7)
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  • Geography  (7)
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  • 1
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Water management and wheat yields in ancient China: Carbon isotope discrimination of archaeological wheat grains
    SAGE Publications ; 2021
    In:  The Holocene Vol. 31, No. 2 ( 2021-02), p. 285-293
    Details
    In: The Holocene, SAGE Publications, Vol. 31, No. 2 ( 2021-02), p. 285-293
    Abstract: The evaluation of ancient crop production and its response to climate change is key to exploring the ancient demographic and social changes. Wheat is currently the third most widely cultivated crop worldwide and was a major component across of the agricultural systems of the ancient Eurasia. In this study, the Δ 13 C values of 116 charred wheat grains from 28 archaeological sites, with direct AMS 14 C dating of 3952 ± 66 to 389 ± 73 cal yr BP, across northern China are reported. The result shows that the Δ 13 C values estimated wheat yields ranged from 0.5 to 2.5 Mg ha −1 , during the past 4000 years. The water supply and grain yield of wheat cultivation is the highest in China during the Bronze Age; however, the water supply and yield were significantly affected by climate fluctuation in the middle-late Holocene. No significant long-term trend of increasing wheat yield is observed over this interval, but a correlation between Δ 13 C values estimated wheat yield and cyclical climate changes can be noted.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 0959-6836 , 1477-0911
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.1177/0959683620970249
    RVK:
    RA 1000
    Language: English
    Publisher: SAGE Publications
    Publication Date: 2021
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 2027956-5
    SSG: 14
    SSG: 3,4
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    Online Resource
  • 2
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Pathological evidence reveals cattle traction in North China by the early second millennium BC
    SAGE Publications ; 2018
    In:  The Holocene Vol. 28, No. 8 ( 2018-08), p. 1205-1215
    Details
    In: The Holocene, SAGE Publications, Vol. 28, No. 8 ( 2018-08), p. 1205-1215
    Abstract: The use of cattle labour in antiquity is a worldwide well-discussed topic among researchers as it can shed light on the possible development trajectories of our communities over the past several millennia. Zooarchaeology can play a vital role in illuminating the history of cattle traction through observed pathologies on cattle bones linked to traction activity. Systemic zooarchaeological investigation is still underdeveloped in China, one of the likely early beneficiaries of animal labour exploitation in the world. Here, we apply the pathological index (PI) method, first developed by Bartosiewicz et al. on European assemblages, to Chinese Bronze Age cattle bones. Our results first confirm the wide applicability of the PI method with the involvement of Chinese control samples, which holds the potential to be applied as an effective tool in a larger geographical region. Our results also confirm the importance of cattle traction for the Late Shang states ( c. 1300–1046 BC) as previously proposed on the basis of disputed interpretations of oracle bone inscriptions as showing cattle ploughing, but also show that light cattle traction practices likely developed in China in the Bronze Age Erlitou ( c. 1750–1530 BC) and Early Shang ( c. 1600–1300 BC) periods. Cattle traction use in the Chinese Bronze Age may have facilitated the introduction and subsequent cultivation in China of wheat, an exotic cereal.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 0959-6836 , 1477-0911
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.1177/0959683618771483
    RVK:
    RA 1000
    Language: English
    Publisher: SAGE Publications
    Publication Date: 2018
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 2027956-5
    SSG: 14
    SSG: 3,4
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    Online Resource
  • 3
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Bulls for sacrifice, cows for work? Morphometric models suggest that female cattle were used for traction in the Chinese Bronze Age Late Shang dynasty (ca. 1300–1046 BCE)
    SAGE Publications ; 2022
    In:  The Holocene Vol. 32, No. 1-2 ( 2022-02), p. 70-80
    Details
    In: The Holocene, SAGE Publications, Vol. 32, No. 1-2 ( 2022-02), p. 70-80
    Abstract: Training animals to pull agricultural equipment and wheeled transport significantly shaped and advanced human economic systems. In this context the use of large domestic animals such as cattle was a milestone event in human history, part of what Sherratt memorably termed the Secondary Products Revolution: the use of the products of live animals such as milk, wool and traction power. It is commonly assumed that male cattle were generally preferred for traction because of their greater strength compared with females, and the importance of the latter for breeding and, in some societies, for milk and for dairy products, but surprisingly little is known of this aspect of the Secondary Products Revolution in prehistoric China. Here we apply established morphometric models to 10 assemblages of cattle bones from Chinese Bronze Age (ca. 2000–221 BCE) contexts. Our results indicate a process of intensified cattle labour exploitation at this time and, intriguingly, we also observe the earliest labour employment of female cattle during the Late Shang dynasty (ca. 1300–1046 BCE). It is proposed that female cattle may have been required for traction because of the large numbers of male cattle, especially bulls, that were sent for ritual sacrifice. Such a strategy reveals a sophisticated social management, upon which the Late Shang civilisation eventually developed.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 0959-6836 , 1477-0911
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.1177/09596836211049976
    RVK:
    RA 1000
    Language: English
    Publisher: SAGE Publications
    Publication Date: 2022
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 2027956-5
    SSG: 14
    SSG: 3,4
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    Online Resource
  • 4
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Historical reconstruction of organic carbon inputs to the East China Sea inner shelf: Implications for anthropogenic activities and regional climate variability
    SAGE Publications ; 2015
    In:  The Holocene Vol. 25, No. 12 ( 2015-12), p. 1869-1881
    Details
    In: The Holocene, SAGE Publications, Vol. 25, No. 12 ( 2015-12), p. 1869-1881
    Abstract: A gravity core collected from the East China Sea (ECS) inner shelf was analyzed for elemental and stable isotopic composition, lignin-phenols, and sedimentary pigments to investigate changes of organic carbon (OC) inputs during the past two centuries. In particular, we examined the linkages between terrestrial and marine OC inputs with climate variability and anthropogenic activities. The decrease of terrestrial OC contribution (from 41% to 28%) and increasing diagenetic indices of lignin-phenols (P/(S + V): from 0.12 to 0.22; 3,5-Bd/V: from 0.03 to 0.09) after the 1970s were possibly attributed to intensified deforestation, dam construction, and channel erosion. Lignin content (Λ 8 ) ranged from 0.35 mg/100 mg OC to 6.92 mg/100 mg OC, with lower values corresponding to the worst flooding events in the Changjiang watershed and weaker East Asian Winter Monsoon (EAWM), while higher Λ 8 was more correlated to the strengthening of EAWM. This indicates that terrestrial inputs to Zhe-Min Coast are different from those in Changjiang Estuary during flooding events and strongly linked with regional climate variability. The total contents of sedimentary chloropigments (i.e. pheophorbide-a, pheophytin-a, pyropheophytin-a, sterol chlorin esters, and carotenol chlorin esters) ranged from 663.4 to 74.9 nmol g −1 OC, and decreased exponentially downwards. Sedimentary chloropigments that were used to document historical change of phytoplankton biomass were decoupled with historical changes of Changjiang riverine nutrient inputs but corresponded well to the fluctuation of regional climate variability. Higher phytoplankton biomasses usually were observed during positive phases of Pacific Decadal Oscillation (PDO) and/or warm El Niño-Southern Oscillation (ENSO) events, and lower algal biomass usually corresponded to the negative phase of PDO and/or cold ENSO events.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 0959-6836 , 1477-0911
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.1177/0959683615591358
    RVK:
    RA 1000
    Language: English
    Publisher: SAGE Publications
    Publication Date: 2015
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 2027956-5
    SSG: 14
    SSG: 3,4
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  • 5
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Provenance discrimination of the clay sediment in the western Taiwan Strait and its implication for coastal current variability during the late-Holocene
    SAGE Publications ; 2017
    In:  The Holocene Vol. 27, No. 1 ( 2017-01), p. 110-121
    Details
    In: The Holocene, SAGE Publications, Vol. 27, No. 1 ( 2017-01), p. 110-121
    Abstract: This study aims to quantify the contribution of Yangtze clays to the sediment accumulation in the western Taiwan Strait and reconstruct the strength of Chinese Coastal Current (CCC) since middle-Holocene driven by East Asian Winter Monsoon (EAWM). Both down-core and surficial sediment samples were collected for grain size, radiocarbon, and clay mineral analyses. One 250-cm-long core was collected from the southern Yangtze distal mud wedge in western Taiwan Strait which receives Yangtze-derived clays transported by the Zhejiang-Fujian Coastal Current (ZFCC), the southern part of CCC. Clay minerals were examined in surficial sediment samples which were influenced by the Yangtze, Zhejiang-Fujian, western Taiwanese rivers, and the inner-shelf mud wedge. Ternary diagrams of smectite–kaolinite–chlorite revealed that three endmembers represented the Yangtze, Min, and western Taiwanese rivers, respectively. The estuaries seaward of the tidal current limits of Zhejiang-Fujian rivers, especially the Qiantang and Ou, were influenced by Yangtze-derived sediments through energetic tidal mixing. It was found that smectite can be used as a fingerprint of the Yangtze fine-grained sediment because among all the studied rivers, the Yangtze is the only one supplying smectite. Clay mineral results in core sediments revealed a dramatic provenance change at the depth of 113 cm, dated at ~4.0 cal. kyr BP. Smectite disappeared in the upper core, suggesting decreased contribution of Yangtze clays to the southern distal mud wedge. Decreased grain size of the fine population in the upper core also indicated that the ZFCC weakened during the late-Holocene. Such a decline also occurred in Subei Coast Current (northern part of CCC), revealed by the previous studies. The decline of CCC was related to the decreased EAWM of the late-Holocene, and it resulted in decreased sediment accumulation rate of the inner-shelf mud.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 0959-6836 , 1477-0911
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.1177/0959683616652706
    RVK:
    RA 1000
    Language: English
    Publisher: SAGE Publications
    Publication Date: 2017
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 2027956-5
    SSG: 14
    SSG: 3,4
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    Online Resource
  • 6
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Recent morphological changes of the Changjiang (Yangtze River) mega-delta in the Anthropocene, China: Impact from natural and anthropogenic changes
    SAGE Publications ; 2021
    In:  The Holocene Vol. 31, No. 5 ( 2021-05), p. 791-801
    Details
    In: The Holocene, SAGE Publications, Vol. 31, No. 5 ( 2021-05), p. 791-801
    Abstract: Many of the world’s largest deltas are increasingly threatened by impact of climate change and human activities. The Changjiang (Yangtze River) is among the largest river, and its change of delta has received extensive attention. However, many studies covered smaller delta areas, which cannot reflect the changes of the entire delta region. Here, we present an assessment of the Changjiang (Yangtze River) mega-delta (CMD) using 60 years of bathymetric data covering the entire study area in order to gain clear insight into the comprehensive morphological changes in the Anthropocene. The net deposition rate decreased from 3.47 cm/year over the period 1954–1986 to 0.074 cm/year for the period 2005–2013 in the subaqueous-delta because of a dramatic decline in the sediment load. In particular, as the sediment load further decline due to the implementation of soil and water conservation engineering since 1980s, slight erosion occurred at a rate of −0.0019 cm/year during 1986–2002. However, the subaqueous-delta converted to a balanced state from one of slight erosion, and the depocenter moved southward between 2002 and 2013. Consequently, the morphological change of the CMD went through the following periods: fast accumulation from 1954 to 1986, and balanced accumulation/erosion during 1986–2013 (conservative state in1986–2002 and steady state in 2002–2013). Moreover, the subaerial delta of the Changjiang experienced continued progradation; the area of the subaerial delta increased from 14,857.74 km 2 in 1974 to 16,039.03 km 2 in 2013 (7.9% increase), with a net progradation rate of 29.53 km 2 /year; and the most pronounced progradation occurred at Chongming Island and the eastern parts of Nanhui. An important reason for these changes was land reclamation, deep-water channel projects, and shore protection, despite a marked decrease in the river sediment supply. In the future, whether the accumulation/erosion balance continues to be maintained will be an urgent research in the CMD.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 0959-6836 , 1477-0911
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.1177/0959683620988042
    RVK:
    RA 1000
    Language: English
    Publisher: SAGE Publications
    Publication Date: 2021
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 2027956-5
    SSG: 14
    SSG: 3,4
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    Online Resource
  • 7
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Modern pollen–climate relationships in north Xinjiang, northwestern China: Implications for pollen-based reconstruction of Holocene climate
    SAGE Publications ; 2017
    In:  The Holocene Vol. 27, No. 7 ( 2017-07), p. 951-966
    Details
    In: The Holocene, SAGE Publications, Vol. 27, No. 7 ( 2017-07), p. 951-966
    Abstract: Fossil pollen records are widely used to reconstruct past climate. Such reconstructions require that the relationships between pollen assemblages, vegetation, and climate are well understood. These can be studied in present circumstances given we assume that modern vegetation and climate are analogous to past ones. In this study, we analyze pollen–vegetation–climate relationships in the Jungar desert and Altay Mountains, northwestern China, a region for which careful reconstruction of past climate is needed to answer unsolved questions on past climate in an area located at the boundary between two different climate regimes (westerlies and monsoon). We use a dataset of 66 surface pollen samples from forest, meadow, steppe, and desert vegetation and six related climate variables, T ann , T Jan , T Jul , P ann , P Jan , and P Jul . Principal components analysis, redundancy analysis, Monte Carlo permutation tests, and variation partitioning are applied to quantify these relationships. We also assess pollen ratios as indices of aridity. We find that (1) P ann is the major climatic factor influencing pollen assemblages, followed by P Jul , (2) the two variables are not correlated, and (3) the shared effect of (1) P Jan and P Jul , (2) P Jan and P ann , (3) P Jul and T ann , and (4) T ann , T Jan , and T Jul explains a larger portion of the variation in pollen data than the individual effect of each variable. Therefore, robust pollen–climate transfer functions can be developed for P ann and P Jul , and several climate variables treated in combination. Artemisia/Chenopodiaceae is a strong index of aridity and Artemisia/Gramineae might be a useful index of P ann and P Jul .
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 0959-6836 , 1477-0911
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.1177/0959683616678464
    RVK:
    RA 1000
    Language: English
    Publisher: SAGE Publications
    Publication Date: 2017
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 2027956-5
    SSG: 14
    SSG: 3,4
    Location Call Number Limitation Availability
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    Online Resource
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