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  • 1
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Indoor Determinants of Endotoxin and Dust Mite Exposures in Hong Kong Homes with Asthmatic Children
    S. Karger AG ; 2010
    In:  International Archives of Allergy and Immunology Vol. 152, No. 3 ( 2010), p. 279-287
    Details
    In: International Archives of Allergy and Immunology, S. Karger AG, Vol. 152, No. 3 ( 2010), p. 279-287
    Abstract: 〈 i 〉 Background: 〈 /i 〉 Domestic endotoxin enhances airway inflammation and increases asthma severity in Caucasian children, but little data are published on indoor endotoxin exposure in Asian countries. This study investigated house dust endotoxin and Der p 1 levels in Hong Kong families with asthmatic children, and their effects on asthma severity. 〈 i 〉 Methods: 〈 /i 〉 115 asthmatics from a pediatric clinic underwent fractional exhaled nitric oxide (FeNO) and spirometric measurements. Home visits were then made within 2 weeks, during which parents completed the International Study of Asthma and Allergies in Childhood questionnaire. Settled dust was collected from patients’ mattresses, bedroom floors and living room floors. Endotoxin and Der p 1 were measured by limulus amebocyte lysate and immunoassay, respectively. 〈 i 〉 Results: 〈 /i 〉 Endotoxin was detectable in all locations from all families, whereas Der p 1 was detectable in 58–70% of indoor sites. Floors of both bedroom and living rooms had higher endotoxin but lower Der p 1 levels than mattresses (p 〈 0.001 for both). Mattress endotoxin level correlated inversely with Der p 1 level (r = –0.308, p = 0.001). Household smoker, feather bedding and vacuum cleaning were independent determinants of indoor endotoxin. Timing of last bedding change was associated with Der p 1 levels at all sites. Mattress endotoxin level was associated with frequency of wheezing episodes (p = 0.044), but neither endotoxin nor Der p 1 was associated with FeNO and spirometric parameters. 〈 i 〉 Conclusions: 〈 /i 〉 Domestic endotoxin levels are associated with frequency of wheezing episodes in asthmatic children but not their FeNO or spirometric measurements.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 1018-2438 , 1423-0097
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.1159/000283039
    RVK:
    XA 49650
    Language: English
    Publisher: S. Karger AG
    Publication Date: 2010
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  • 2
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Association of Plasma Soluble CTLA-4 with Lung Function and GenePolymorphism in Chinese Asthmatic Children
    S. Karger AG ; 2010
    In:  International Archives of Allergy and Immunology Vol. 152, No. 2 ( 2010), p. 113-121
    Details
    In: International Archives of Allergy and Immunology, S. Karger AG, Vol. 152, No. 2 ( 2010), p. 113-121
    Abstract: 〈 i 〉 Background: 〈 /i 〉 Cytotoxic T lymphocyte antigen 4 (CTLA-4) is known to downregulate the T 〈 sub 〉 H 〈 /sub 〉 2 immune response. Recent studies have suggested an association of 〈 i 〉 CTLA-4 〈 /i 〉 polymorphisms with allergic diseases. We investigated the effects of single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) of 〈 i 〉 CTLA-4 〈 /i 〉 on asthma traits and plasma sCTLA-4 in 298 Chinese asthmatic children and 175 controls. 〈 i 〉 Methods: 〈 /i 〉 Plasma sCTLA-4, total and allergen-specific IgE concentrations were measured by enzyme immunoassay. Six SNPs, namely –1147CT, +49AG, CT60, JO31, JO30 and JO27_1, in 〈 i 〉 CTLA-4 〈 /i 〉 were genotyped by restriction fragment length polymorphism. 〈 i 〉 Results: 〈 /i 〉 Plasma sCTLA-4 was negatively associated with FEV 〈 sub 〉 1 〈 /sub 〉 /FVC (r = –0.146, p = 0.036) among our asthmatic patients. Analysis of locus-locus interaction by generalized multifactor dimensionality reduction showed that –1147CT was the best model for plasma sCTLA-4 with a cross-validation consistency of 10 out of 10 and a prediction error of 40.9% (p 〈 0.001). Multivariate regression analysis confirmed the association between plasma sCTLA-4 concentration with –1147CT among the 6 SNPs tested (p = 0.002) after adjustment for gender and age. The plasma sCTLA-4 concentration was significantly lower in patients homozygous for the C allele than in T allele carriers (p = 0.001). There was also a significant association between the most common haplotypes with low sCTLA-4 in asthmatics. We could not find any significant association between plasma total IgE, atopy and lung function with the 6 SNPs after Bonferroni correction. 〈 i 〉 Conclusions: 〈 /i 〉 Plasma sCTLA-4 is associated with lung function and –1147CT polymorphism in Chinese asthmatic children. This may help to identify CTLA-4 signaling as a potential therapeutic target in asthma.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 1018-2438 , 1423-0097
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.1159/000265532
    RVK:
    XA 49650
    Language: English
    Publisher: S. Karger AG
    Publication Date: 2010
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 1482722-0
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  • 3
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Association between Obesity and Atopy in Chinese Schoolchildren
    S. Karger AG ; 2009
    In:  International Archives of Allergy and Immunology Vol. 149, No. 2 ( 2009), p. 133-140
    Details
    In: International Archives of Allergy and Immunology, S. Karger AG, Vol. 149, No. 2 ( 2009), p. 133-140
    Abstract: 〈 i 〉 Background: 〈 /i 〉 Despite parallel increases in asthma and obesity prevalence, there is little data on obesity as a risk factor for atopy. The latter is an important phenotype in asthmatic patients. This study investigates the association between asthma traits, atopy and obesity-related markers in Chinese adolescents. 〈 i 〉 Methods: 〈 /i 〉 486 schoolchildren were recruited among participants of our population-based study on the epidemiology of obesity, and their allergy status was ascertained using a standardized questionnaire. Subjects’ anthropometry was recorded on-site, and fasting blood was collected for allergen-specific immunoglobulin E (IgE), lipids and systemic inflammatory biomarkers. 〈 i 〉 Results: 〈 /i 〉 98 (20.2%) subjects were classified as overweight or obese. Obesity status was not associated with asthma, allergic rhinitis or eczema (p 〉 0.25). Atopy was not associated with age-adjusted body mass index (BMI) or waist circumference. Atopy and presence of allergen-specific IgE did not differ between overweight or obese children and those with normal BMI (p 〉 0.25), although subgroup analysis suggested that cockroach sensitization was more common among males who were obese or overweight (p = 0.045). White cell count (WCC) was higher among atopic than nonatopic children (mean values 6.5 × 10 〈 sup 〉 9 〈 /sup 〉 /l vs. 6.2 × 10 〈 sup 〉 9 〈 /sup 〉 /l, p = 0.006). Logistic regression revealed WCC to be the only risk factor for atopy (OR 18.97, p = 0.004). 〈 i 〉 Conclusions: 〈 /i 〉 Obesity is not associated with asthma or atopy in Chinese children. High WCC is an important risk factor for atopy in both males and females. Gender does not exert any consistent effect on the association between obesity and allergen sensitization in children.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 1018-2438 , 1423-0097
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.1159/000189196
    RVK:
    XA 49650
    Language: English
    Publisher: S. Karger AG
    Publication Date: 2009
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 1482722-0
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  • 4
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Analysis of Growth Factors and Inflammatory Cytokines in Exhaled Breath Condensate from Asthmatic Children
    S. Karger AG ; 2005
    In:  International Archives of Allergy and Immunology Vol. 137, No. 1 ( 2005), p. 66-72
    Details
    In: International Archives of Allergy and Immunology, S. Karger AG, Vol. 137, No. 1 ( 2005), p. 66-72
    Abstract: 〈 i 〉 Background: 〈 /i 〉 Vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF), AA isoform of platelet-derived growth factor (PDGF-AA), and epidermal growth factor (EGF) are involved in the pathogenesis of airway inflammation in asthma. These molecules are closely associated with cytokines such as tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α) and interleukin (IL)-4. This study investigates the relation between childhood asthma and levels of these mediators in exhaled breath condensate (EBC). 〈 i 〉 Methods: 〈 /i 〉 EBC was collected from asthmatic children and controls using a disposable collection kit, and the concentrations of VEGF, PDGF-AA, EGF, TNF-α and IL-4 in EBC were measured using sandwich enzyme immunoassays. Exhaled nitric oxide concentration was measured by a chemiluminescence analyzer. 〈 i 〉 Results: 〈 /i 〉 Thirty-five asthmatic patients aged between 7 and 18 years and 11 controls were recruited. Sixteen patients had intermittent asthma (IA) whereas 19 of them suffered from persistent asthma (PA). A significant correlation was found between IL-4 and TNF-α in EBC (ρ = 0.374, p = 0.010). PDGF-AA levels in EBC were higher in subjects with diminished FEV 〈 sub 〉 1 〈 /sub 〉 (p = 0.023) whereas IL-4 concentrations were increased in asthmatics (p = 0.007) as well as subjects with increased plasma total IgE (p = 0.033). Patients with PA receiving high-dose inhaled corticosteroid (ICS) had higher EBC IL-4 concentration than those on low-dose ICS (p = 0.007). Linear regression revealed that PDGF-AA levels in EBC were negatively associated with FEV 〈 sub 〉 1 〈 /sub 〉 percentage (β = –0.459, p = 0.006) among the asthmatic patients. 〈 i 〉 Conclusions: 〈 /i 〉 IL-4 in EBC is increased in childhood asthma, and growth factors are detectable in a significant proportion of these children. Increased PDGF-AA is found in asthmatics with more severe airflow limitation.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 1018-2438 , 1423-0097
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.1159/000085106
    RVK:
    XA 49650
    Language: English
    Publisher: S. Karger AG
    Publication Date: 2005
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 1482722-0
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