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  • 1
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Intraoperative Computer-Assisted Neuronavigation in Functional Neurosurgery
    S. Karger AG ; 1996
    In:  Stereotactic and Functional Neurosurgery Vol. 66, No. 1-3 ( 1996), p. 65-68
    Details
    In: Stereotactic and Functional Neurosurgery, S. Karger AG, Vol. 66, No. 1-3 ( 1996), p. 65-68
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 1011-6125 , 1423-0372
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.1159/000099669
    Language: English
    Publisher: S. Karger AG
    Publication Date: 1996
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 1483576-9
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  • 2
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Image-Guided Neurosurgery with Intraoperative MRI: Update of Frameless Stereotaxy and Radicality Control
    S. Karger AG ; 1997
    In:  Stereotactic and Functional Neurosurgery Vol. 68, No. 1-4 ( 1997), p. 39-43
    Details
    In: Stereotactic and Functional Neurosurgery, S. Karger AG, Vol. 68, No. 1-4 ( 1997), p. 39-43
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 1011-6125 , 1423-0372
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.1159/000099900
    Language: English
    Publisher: S. Karger AG
    Publication Date: 1997
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 1483576-9
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  • 3
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    A New Model of Chronic Colitis in SCID Mice Induced by Adoptive Transfer of CD62L+ CD4+ T Cells: Insights into the Regulatory Role of Interleukin-6 on Apoptosis
    S. Karger AG ; 2002
    In:  Pathobiology Vol. 70, No. 3 ( 2002), p. 170-176
    Details
    In: Pathobiology, S. Karger AG, Vol. 70, No. 3 ( 2002), p. 170-176
    Abstract: 〈 i 〉 Objective: 〈 /i 〉 The proinflammatory cytokine interleukin (IL)-6 is involved in various chronic inflammatory processes. IL-6 is a predominant cytokine produced by lamina propria T cells in Crohn’s disease and experimental colitis. This study was designed to examine the effect of a neutralizing IL-6-receptor (IL-6R) antibody on the programmed cell death of mucosal T cells in the CD62L+ CD4+ SCID transfer model of chronic experimental colitis in mice and to gain more insight into the pathogenesis of this transfer colitis model. 〈 i 〉 Methods: 〈 /i 〉 For adoptive transfer, we isolated CD62L+ CD4+ double-positive T cells from wild-type BALB/c mice followed by intraperitoneal application of 1 million cells in CB17 SCID mice. The purity of the transferred T-cell population was tested by FACS analysis. Cytokine secretion was measured by ELISA. Western blot analysis was performed to detect phospho-STAT-3 in protein extracts of splenic cells. Cryo- and paraffin colon cross-sections were used to perform immunochemical or fluorescence TUNEL stainings. 〈 i 〉 Results: 〈 /i 〉 We isolated CD62L+ CD4+ and CD62L– CD4+ T cells. In vitro studies showed an increased production of IL-4 by CD62L– CD4+ T cells compared to CD62L+ T cells. 8–10 weeks after transfer of CD62L+ CD4+ T cells in SCID mice, reconstituted mice developed wasting disease, anal prolapse and diarrhea, whereas mice reconstituted with CD62L– CD4+ did not, similar to anti-IL-6R-treated CD62L+ CD4+-reconstituted SCID mice. Anti-IL-6R-treated reconstituted SCID mice showed decreased levels of activated STAT-3. The previously described efficacy of anti-IL-6R antibody treatment on colitis activity appeared to be due to the induction of apoptosis, as many TUNEL-positive cells were detected in the lamina propria. 〈 i 〉 Conclusions: 〈 /i 〉 These results suggest that the activation of the IL-6/STAT-3-signaling pathway plays a pivotal role in the pathogenesis of CD62L+ CD4+ transfer colitis. Moreover, the application of a neutralizing antibody to IL-6R induces apoptosis in transferred T cells. These data implicate the importance of anti-apoptotic pathways in chronic disease and might contribute to future therapies.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 1015-2008 , 1423-0291
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.1159/000068150
    Language: English
    Publisher: S. Karger AG
    Publication Date: 2002
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 1483541-1
    SSG: 12
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  • 4
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Evaluation of QTc Interval Prolongation in Breast Cancer Patients after Treatment with Epirubicin, Cyclophosphamide, and Docetaxel and the Influence of Interobserver Variation
    S. Karger AG ; 2017
    In:  Breast Care Vol. 12, No. 1 ( 2017), p. 38-42
    Details
    In: Breast Care, S. Karger AG, Vol. 12, No. 1 ( 2017), p. 38-42
    Abstract: 〈 b 〉 〈 i 〉 Background: 〈 /i 〉 〈 /b 〉 Chemotherapy with anthracyclines is associated with life-threatening electrocardiographic alterations including corrected QT (QTc) interval prolongation. 〈 b 〉 〈 i 〉 Patients and Methods: 〈 /i 〉 〈 /b 〉 In this study we assessed the effect of epirubicin, cyclophosphamide, and docetaxel (EC-Doc) on the QTc interval in 10 patients with early breast cancer. Cardiac toxicity was assessed with symptoms, transthoracic echocardiography, electrocardiography (ECG), and serum cardiac markers at baseline and after 4 cycles of EC and 4 cycles of docetaxel. To evaluate the influence of interobserver variation, the QTc interval was analyzed by a cardiologist, a gynecologist, and with automated ECG interpretation software. 〈 b 〉 〈 i 〉 Results: 〈 /i 〉 〈 /b 〉 There was a significant QTc prolongation after EC treatment independent of the investigator. In addition, a significant increase in N-terminal prohormone of brain natriuretic peptide (NT-proBNP) levels was noted after EC treatment. QTc prolongation and NT-proBNP levels normalized after docetaxel treatment. Other biochemical markers were within normal ranges. No clinically relevant effect on left ventricular ejection fraction was observed. 〈 b 〉 〈 i 〉 Conclusion: 〈 /i 〉 〈 /b 〉 This prospective study demonstrated that EC treatment increases the QTc interval and NT-proBNP levels in women with early breast cancer. This effect was reversible and independent of docetaxel administration. Moreover, the treating physician can safely perform QTc interval evaluation as part of clinical routine independent of his/her specialty. Due to the small number of patients, further conclusions are limited at this point.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 1661-3791 , 1661-3805
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.1159/000455065
    Language: English
    Publisher: S. Karger AG
    Publication Date: 2017
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 2205941-6
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  • 5
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Effects of Nasal High Flow on Ventilation in Volunteers, COPD and Idiopathic Pulmonary Fibrosis Patients
    S. Karger AG ; 2013
    In:  Respiration Vol. 85, No. 4 ( 2013), p. 319-325
    Details
    In: Respiration, S. Karger AG, Vol. 85, No. 4 ( 2013), p. 319-325
    Abstract: 〈 b 〉 〈 i 〉 Background: 〈 /i 〉 〈 /b 〉 A high flow of air applied by large bore nasal cannulae has been suggested to improve symptoms of chronic respiratory insufficiency. In pediatric patients, nasal high-flow (nHF) ventilation was similarly effective compared to noninvasive ventilation with a face mask. 〈 b 〉 〈 i 〉 Objectives: 〈 /i 〉 〈 /b 〉 The aim of this study was to describe changes in respiratory parameters. 〈 b 〉 〈 i 〉 Methods: 〈 /i 〉 〈 /b 〉 We measured pressure amplitudes during the respiratory cycle and mean pressures in patients with idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis (IPF) and COPD. In order to achieve tidal volume and minute volume measurements, we used a polysomnography device. Capillary blood was taken for blood gas analysis before and after nHF breathing (8 h). 〈 b 〉 〈 i 〉 Results: 〈 /i 〉 〈 /b 〉 nHF led to an increase in pressure amplitude and mean pressure in healthy volunteers and in patients with COPD and IPF in comparison with spontaneous breathing. In COPD, nHF increased tidal volume, while no difference in tidal volume was observed in patients with IPF. Interestingly, tidal volume decreased in healthy volunteers. Breathing rates and minute volumes were reduced in all groups. Capillary pCO 〈 sub 〉 2 〈 /sub 〉 decreased in patients with IPF and COPD. 〈 b 〉 〈 i 〉 Conclusions: 〈 /i 〉 〈 /b 〉 nHF resulted in significant effects on respiratory parameters in patients with obstructive and restrictive pulmonary diseases. The rise in pressure amplitude and mean pressure and the decrease in breathing rate and minute volume will support inspiratory efforts, helps to increase effectiveness of ventilation and will contribute to a reduction in the work of breathing. A CO 〈 sub 〉 2 〈 /sub 〉 wash-out effect in the upper airway part of the anatomical dead space may contribute to the beneficial effects of the nHF instrument.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 0025-7931 , 1423-0356
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.1159/000342027
    Language: English
    Publisher: S. Karger AG
    Publication Date: 2013
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 1464419-8
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  • 6
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Prolonged Survival of a Patient with Advanced-Stage Combined Hepatocellular-Cholangiocarcinoma
    S. Karger AG ; 2020
    In:  Case Reports in Gastroenterology Vol. 14, No. 3 ( 2020-12-10), p. 658-667
    Details
    In: Case Reports in Gastroenterology, S. Karger AG, Vol. 14, No. 3 ( 2020-12-10), p. 658-667
    Abstract: Combined hepatocellular-cholangiocarcinoma (cHCC/CCA) represents a rare type of primary liver cancer with a very limited prognosis. Although just recently genomic studies have contributed to a better understanding of the disease’s genetic landscape, therapeutic options, especially for advanced-stage patients, are limited and often experimental, as no standardized treatment protocols have been established to date. Here, we report the case of a 38-year-old male patient who was diagnosed with extensive intrahepatic cHCC/CCA in an otherwise healthy liver without signs of chronic liver disease. An interdisciplinary stepwise therapeutic approach including locoregional liver-targeted therapy, systemic chemotherapy, liver transplantation, surgical pulmonary metastasis resection, and next-generation sequencing-based targeted therapy led to a prolonged overall survival beyond 5 years with an excellent quality of life. This case report comprises several provocative treatment decisions that are extensively discussed in light of the existing literature on this rare but highly aggressive malignancy.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 1662-0631
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.1159/000511034
    Language: English
    Publisher: S. Karger AG
    Publication Date: 2020
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 2440540-1
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  • 7
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    ERBB2 Expression as Potential Risk-Stratification for Early Cystectomy in Patients with pT1 Bladder Cancer and Concomitant Carcinoma in situ
    S. Karger AG ; 2017
    In:  Urologia Internationalis Vol. 98, No. 3 ( 2017), p. 282-289
    Details
    In: Urologia Internationalis, S. Karger AG, Vol. 98, No. 3 ( 2017), p. 282-289
    Abstract: 〈 b 〉 〈 i 〉 Background/Aims/Objectives: 〈 /i 〉 〈 /b 〉 It is difficult to identify patients with a non-muscle-invasive bladder cancer (NMIBC) at stage pT1 with concomitant carcinoma in situ (Cis) who will benefit from an early cystectomy. 〈 b 〉 〈 i 〉 Methods: 〈 /i 〉 〈 /b 〉 We retrospectively analyzed clinical data and formalin-fixed paraffin-embedded tissues of patients with NMIBC. Messenger ribonucleic acid (mRNA) expression of progesterone receptor (PGR), estrogen receptor (ESR1), ERBB2, and marker of proliferation Ki-67 (MKI67) was measured by single-step reverse transcription quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction using RNA-specific TaqMan assays. Relative gene expression was determined by the normalization of 2 reference genes (CALM2, B2M) using the 40 & #x0394; & #x0394;CT method and relative gene expression was correlated to the histopathological stage and oncological outcome. 〈 b 〉 〈 i 〉 Results: 〈 /i 〉 〈 /b 〉 Of 302 patients with pT1 NMIBC in the initial transurethral resection of the bladder, 65 had a concomitant Cis. Elevated ERBB2 expression ( 〉 40.1) significantly correlated with progress in patients with and without concomitant Cis ( 〈 i 〉 p 〈 /i 〉 = 0.020 and 〈 i 〉 p 〈 /i 〉 = 0.049, respectively). For the subgroup of pT1 with concomitant Cis, elevated ERBB2 expression significantly discriminated between a high-risk group of 55% progression-free survival (PFS) and a low-risk group of 90% PFS after a 5-year follow-up ( 〈 i 〉 p 〈 /i 〉 = 0.020). Cox-regression analysis revealed ERBB2 expression as the only independent prognostic factor for PFS ( 〈 i 〉 p 〈 /i 〉 = 0.0037). 〈 b 〉 〈 i 〉 Conclusions: 〈 /i 〉 〈 /b 〉 High mRNA expression of ERBB2 can identify patients with pT1 NMIBC with concomitant Cis, who have a high risk of progression and might benefit from an early cystectomy.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 0042-1138 , 1423-0399
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.1159/000453670
    RVK:
    XA 10000
    Language: English
    Publisher: S. Karger AG
    Publication Date: 2017
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 1464417-4
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  • 8
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Long-Term Bosentan in Chronic Thromboembolic Pulmonary Hypertension
    S. Karger AG ; 2007
    In:  Respiration Vol. 74, No. 3 ( 2007), p. 287-292
    Details
    In: Respiration, S. Karger AG, Vol. 74, No. 3 ( 2007), p. 287-292
    Abstract: 〈 i 〉 Background: 〈 /i 〉 There is no approved pharmacological treatment for patients with chronic thromboembolic pulmonary hypertension (CTEPH) who are not suitable for pulmonary endarterectomy (PEA). 〈 i 〉 Objective: 〈 /i 〉 The study investigates the effect of the dual endothelin receptor antagonist bosentan on exercise tolerance (6-min walking distance, 6MWD) and right ventricular function (Tei index) in patients with CTEPH over 24 months. 〈 i 〉 Methods: 〈 /i 〉 Twelve consecutive patients (5 males and 7 females) with CTEPH not eligible for PEA or following partial or complete failure of PEA were included in a non-randomized, open-label prospective study. All patients were WHO class III. They were included, if progressive pulmonary hypertension was diagnosed despite best supportive treatment. Bosentan was started at 62.5 mg b.i.d. and increased to the final dose of 125 mg b.i.d. 〈 i 〉 Results: 〈 /i 〉 6MWD and the Tei index were assessed every 6 months. We observed a significant increase in 6MWD from 319 ± 85.0 m at baseline to 391 ± 76.9 m at 6 months and a significant decrease in the Tei index from 0.39 ± 0.10 at baseline to 0.34 ± 0.08 at 6 months. This improvement was maintained over 24 months (6 MWD: 381 ± 101 m; Tei index: 0.31 ± 0.03). Six patients exhibited an improvement in WHO class at 6, 12 and 18 months, 5 demonstrated improvement at the 24-month follow-up. The remainder were stable throughout the study period. 〈 i 〉 Conclusion: 〈 /i 〉 This is the first study demonstrating a long-term beneficial effect of bosentan on exercise tolerance (6MWD) and right heart function (Tei index) in CTEPH.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 0025-7931 , 1423-0356
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.1159/000093322
    Language: English
    Publisher: S. Karger AG
    Publication Date: 2007
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 1464419-8
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  • 9
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Acute Improved Hemodynamics following Inhaled Iloprost in Chronic Thromboembolic Pulmonary Hypertension
    S. Karger AG ; 2008
    In:  Respiration Vol. 76, No. 2 ( 2008), p. 154-159
    Details
    In: Respiration, S. Karger AG, Vol. 76, No. 2 ( 2008), p. 154-159
    Abstract: 〈 i 〉 Background: 〈 /i 〉 Chronic thromboembolic pulmonary hypertension (CTEPH) is a potential consequence to pulmonary embolism. The histologic picture is similar to idiopathic pulmonary hypertension (IPAH) suggesting that vascular remodeling also contributes to CTEPH. The treatment of choice is pulmonary endarterectomy. However, this treatment option is not adequate for all patients with CTEPH. Currently, no data exist on standard vasodilative therapy for CTEPH. Intravenous and oral prostanoids, both well-known vasodilators in IPAH, have been used with promising results, whereas the same has not been consistently observed for inhaled iloprost. 〈 i 〉 Objective: 〈 /i 〉 In this study, we examined acute hemodynamic effects of inhaled iloprost in patients with CTEPH. 〈 i 〉 Methods: 〈 /i 〉 In a prospective study, right heart catheterization was performed in 20 patients (mean age 56 years, New York Heart Association class II–IV) at the time of diagnosis of CTEPH. Pulmonary vascular resistance (PVR), mean pulmonary arterial pressure (mPAP), cardiac output (CO), mean systemic arterial pressure (MAP) and oxygen partial pressure (PaO 〈 sub 〉 2 〈 /sub 〉 ) were obtained before and 20 min after inhaling 5 µg iloprost. Subsequently, all patients were evaluated for pulmonary endarterectomy. Six patients were eligible for surgery. 〈 i 〉 Results: 〈 /i 〉 Significant changes in pulmonary and systemic hemodynamics were observed following the inhalation of iloprost (before to after inhalation): PVR: 1,057 ± 404.3 to 821.3 ± 294.3 dyn·s·cm 〈 sup 〉 –5 〈 /sup 〉 , p 〈 0.0001; mPAP: 50.55 ± 8.43 to 45.75 ± 8.09 mm Hg, p = 0.0002; CO: 3.66 ± 1.05 to 4.05 ± 0.91 l/min, p 〈 0.0106. MAP and PaO 〈 sub 〉 2 〈 /sub 〉 decreased significantly (MAP: 94.15 ± 11.58 to 89.45 ± 14.29 mm Hg, p = 0.0111; PaO 〈 sub 〉 2 〈 /sub 〉 : 7.33 ± 1.17 to 6.64 ± 1.25 kPa, p = 0.0260). 〈 i 〉 Conclusions: 〈 /i 〉 Hemodynamic changes directly following inhalation of iloprost suggest a significant contribution of a reversible component of vasoconstriction to pulmonary arterial hypertension in patients with CTEPH.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 0025-7931 , 1423-0356
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.1159/000107977
    Language: English
    Publisher: S. Karger AG
    Publication Date: 2008
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 1464419-8
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