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  • 1
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    Online Resource
    Quantitative Evaluation of Changes in Three-Dimensional CT Density Distributions in Pulmonary Alveolar Proteinosis after GM-CSF Inhalation
    S. Karger AG ; 2023
    In:  Respiration Vol. 102, No. 2 ( 2023), p. 101-109
    Details
    In: Respiration, S. Karger AG, Vol. 102, No. 2 ( 2023), p. 101-109
    Abstract: 〈 b 〉 〈 i 〉 Background: 〈 /i 〉 〈 /b 〉 A previous clinical trial for autoimmune pulmonary alveolar proteinosis (APAP) demonstrated that granulocyte-macrophage colony-stimulating factor (GM-CSF) inhalation reduced the mean density of the lung field on computed tomography (CT) across 18 axial slice planes at a two-dimensional level. In contrast, in this study, we challenged three-dimensional analysis for changes in CT density distribution using the same datasets. 〈 b 〉 〈 i 〉 Methods: 〈 /i 〉 〈 /b 〉 As a sub-study of the trial, CT data of 31 and 27 patients who received GM-CSF and placebo, respectively, were analyzed. To overcome the difference between various shooting conditions, a newly developed automatic lung field segmentation algorithm was applied to CT data to extract the whole lung volume, and the accuracy of the segmentation was evaluated by five pulmonary physicians independently. For normalization, the percent pixel (PP) in a certain density range was calculated as a percentage of the total number of pixels from −1,000 to 0 HU. 〈 b 〉 〈 i 〉 Results: 〈 /i 〉 〈 /b 〉 The automatically segmented images revealed that the lung field was accurately extracted except for 7 patients with minor deletion or addition. Using the change in PP from baseline to week 25 (ΔPP) as the vertical axis, we created a histogram with 143 HU bins set for each patient. The most significant difference in ΔPP between GM-CSF and placebo groups was observed in two ranges: from −1,000 to −857 and −143 to 0 HU. 〈 b 〉 〈 i 〉 Conclusion: 〈 /i 〉 〈 /b 〉 Whole lung extraction followed by density histogram analysis of ΔPP may be an appropriate evaluation method for assessing CT improvement in APAP.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 0025-7931 , 1423-0356
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.1159/000528038
    Language: English
    Publisher: S. Karger AG
    Publication Date: 2023
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 1464419-8
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  • 2
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    Lack of Association between the 〈i〉IL13〈/i〉 Variant Arg110Gln and Susceptibility to Cedar Pollinosis in a Japanese Population
    S. Karger AG ; 2006
    In:  International Archives of Allergy and Immunology Vol. 139, No. 1 ( 2006), p. 25-30
    Details
    In: International Archives of Allergy and Immunology, S. Karger AG, Vol. 139, No. 1 ( 2006), p. 25-30
    Abstract: 〈 i 〉 Background: 〈 /i 〉 Interleukin (IL)-13 has come to be appreciated as a molecule critically involved in allergic inflammatory responses. Recent studies revealed that a common variant in the coding region of the 〈 i 〉 IL13 〈 /i 〉 gene, Arg110Gln, has been implicated in the development of asthma and atopy. 〈 i 〉 Methods: 〈 /i 〉 To assess whether the 〈 i 〉 IL13 〈 /i 〉 variant Arg110Gln is associated with cedar pollinosis, one of the most common atopic diseases in the Japanese population, we examined the Arg110Gln variant using PCR-RFLP to compare the genotype and allele frequencies between 95 patients with cedar pollinosis and 95 healthy control subjects. Relationships between the Arg110Gln variant and the pollinosis-related traits, e.g. rhinitis severity, eosinophil counts in nasal secretion and serum total and allergen-specific IgE levels, were also investigated. 〈 i 〉 Results: 〈 /i 〉 The frequencies of the minor allele Gln110 were 25.8% in patients with cedar pollinosis and 30.9% in healthy control subjects (p 〉 0.05). There was also no significant difference in the genotype frequencies between cases and controls (p 〉 0.05). In addition, we found no significant association of the Arg110Gln variant with any of the pollinosis-related phenotypes (p 〉 0.05). 〈 i 〉 Conclusions: 〈 /i 〉 Our data suggest lack of evidence for identifying the variant Arg110Glnat the 〈 i 〉 IL13 〈 /i 〉 locus as a genetic risk factor involved in the development of Japanese cedar pollinosis.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 1018-2438 , 1423-0097
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.1159/000089519
    RVK:
    XA 49650
    Language: English
    Publisher: S. Karger AG
    Publication Date: 2006
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 1482722-0
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  • 3
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    Early Decrease in α-Fetoprotein, but Not Des-γ-Carboxy Prothrombin, Predicts Sorafenib Efficacy in Patients with Advanced Hepatocellular Carcinoma
    S. Karger AG ; 2011
    In:  Oncology Vol. 81, No. 3-4 ( 2011), p. 251-258
    Details
    In: Oncology, S. Karger AG, Vol. 81, No. 3-4 ( 2011), p. 251-258
    Abstract: 〈 i 〉 Objectives: 〈 /i 〉 The aim of this study was to investigate the relationships between early changes in the tumor markers α-fetoprotein (AFP) and des-γ-carboxy prothrombin (DCP), and antitumor response in the early period following administration of sorafenib in patients with advanced hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). 〈 i 〉 Methods: 〈 /i 〉 Forty-eight advanced HCC patients were evaluated. AFP and DCP were measured at baseline, and after 2 and 4 weeks, and the antitumor responses were evaluated according to the RECIST criteria 4 weeks after starting sorafenib therapy. The ratios of each tumor marker were compared by stratifying the patients into the partial response (PR) + stable disease (SD) group or the progressive disease (PD) group. 〈 i 〉 Results: 〈 /i 〉 Both 2 and 4 weeks after starting sorafenib therapy, the AFP ratio in the PR + SD group (n = 32) was significantly lower than in the PD group (n = 16; p = 0.002, p = 0.002). DCP was elevated in both the PR + SD group and the PD group 2 weeks and 4 weeks after starting sorafenib therapy. 〈 i 〉 Conclusions: 〈 /i 〉 Evaluation of AFP ratios 2 and 4 weeks after starting sorafenib therapy may be useful for predicting antitumor response. On the other hand, early elevation of DCP does not necessarily suggest treatment failure by sorafenib, as DCP elevation can occur despite therapeutic efficacy.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 0030-2414 , 1423-0232
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.1159/000334454
    RVK:
    XH 3305
    Language: English
    Publisher: S. Karger AG
    Publication Date: 2011
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 1483096-6
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 250101-6
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  • 4
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    Post-Systemic Chemotherapy Prognoses of Recurrent/Metastatic Soft Tissue Sarcoma Patients with Retroperitoneal/Intra-Abdominal Origin versus Those with Extremities/Trunk Origin
    S. Karger AG ; 2022
    In:  Oncology Vol. 100, No. 4 ( 2022), p. 238-246
    Details
    In: Oncology, S. Karger AG, Vol. 100, No. 4 ( 2022), p. 238-246
    Abstract: 〈 b 〉 〈 i 〉 Background: 〈 /i 〉 〈 /b 〉 The clinical benefit of systemic chemotherapy for recurrent/metastatic retroperitoneal/intra-abdominal soft tissue sarcoma (STS) compared to its benefits for other primary lesions has not been known or sufficiently evaluated. 〈 b 〉 〈 i 〉 Methods and Patients: 〈 /i 〉 〈 /b 〉 We retrospectively reviewed the cases of the STS patients who consulted a department of medical oncology in Tokyo between June 2011 and March 2018, and we extracted the cases of patients with primary sites at the retroperitoneum/intra-abdomen (cohort R) or extremities/trunk (cohort E) who received systemic chemotherapy in a recurrent/metastatic setting, comparing the cohorts’ characteristics, chemotherapy details, and prognoses. 〈 b 〉 〈 i 〉 Results: 〈 /i 〉 〈 /b 〉 Of all 337 STS patients, we enrolled 49 patients in cohort R and 75 patients in cohort E. Liposarcoma was more frequently observed in cohort R (51.0%) than cohort E (22.7%). The median chemotherapy treatment line was two lines (range: 1–6) in cohort R and three lines (range: 1–9) in cohort E. The doxorubicin usage rates differed in recurrent/metastatic settings (90.0% in cohort R and 55.0% in cohort E), due mainly to the higher rate of a perioperative chemotherapy treatment history in cohort E (52.0% vs. 6.1% in cohort R). The median overall survival from the start of salvage chemotherapy was 31.9 months (cohort R; 95% CI: 20.9–42.8) and 27.1 months (cohort E; 95% CI: 21.6–32.5) ( 〈 i 〉 p 〈 /i 〉 = 0.549). 〈 b 〉 〈 i 〉 Conclusion: 〈 /i 〉 〈 /b 〉 There were differences in the distributions of pathology and antitumor drugs used in a salvage setting between retroperitoneal/intra-abdominal and extremities/trunk STS patients in recurrent/metastatic settings, but the prognoses with salvage chemotherapy were similar in the two cohorts.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 0030-2414 , 1423-0232
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.1159/000522303
    RVK:
    XH 3305
    Language: English
    Publisher: S. Karger AG
    Publication Date: 2022
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 1483096-6
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 250101-6
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  • 5
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    Successful Preoperative Chemotherapy with S-1 plus Low-Dose Cisplatin for Advanced Gastric Cancer with Synchronous Liver Metastases: Report of 2 Cases
    S. Karger AG ; 2007
    In:  Chemotherapy Vol. 53, No. 5 ( 2007), p. 378-382
    Details
    In: Chemotherapy, S. Karger AG, Vol. 53, No. 5 ( 2007), p. 378-382
    Abstract: We report 2 cases of advanced gastric cancer with synchronous liver metastases who were successfully downstaged using S-1 plus low-dose cisplatin chemotherapy followed by surgical resection. S-1 was administered orally (80 mg/m 〈 sup 〉 2 〈 /sup 〉 /day) twice daily for 14 consecutive days, and cisplatin (15 mg/m 〈 sup 〉 2 〈 /sup 〉 ) was infused over 1 h on days 1 and 8. Successful downstaging of the hepatic metastases was confirmed by imaging analyses; however, neither patient showed a complete response of the primary lesion in the stomach. Toxicities, according to the WHO criteria, were mild. The patients underwent surgical resection within 4 weeks after the last chemotherapy. Postoperatively, they were discharged without complications and received adjuvant chemotherapy. Both patients remained alive and well at 17 and 12 months after surgery, respectively, without recurrence. These cases provide further evidence that S-1 plus low-dose cisplatin chemotherapy enables downstaging of advanced gastric cancer and a subsequent potentially curative resection without serious complications.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 0009-3157 , 1421-9794
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.1159/000107726
    Language: English
    Publisher: S. Karger AG
    Publication Date: 2007
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 1482111-4
    SSG: 15,3
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  • 6
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    Perinatal Outcome of Monochorionic Twins with Selective Intrauterine Growth Restriction and Different Types of Umbilical Artery Doppler under Expectant Management
    S. Karger AG ; 2009
    In:  Fetal Diagnosis and Therapy Vol. 26, No. 3 ( 2009), p. 157-161
    Details
    In: Fetal Diagnosis and Therapy, S. Karger AG, Vol. 26, No. 3 ( 2009), p. 157-161
    Abstract: 〈 i 〉 Objectives: 〈 /i 〉 To evaluate the prognosis of monochorionic twins with selective intrauterine growth restriction (sIUGR), classified according to the type of umbilical artery Doppler, under expectant management. 〈 i 〉 Methods: 〈 /i 〉 The outcome of 81 cases with isolated sIUGR was evaluated according to a classification based on umbilical artery (UA) Doppler diastolic flow in the IUGR twin (I: present, II: constantly absent/reverse, III: intermittently absent/reverse). Selective feticide was not considered due to legal constraints. Perinatal outcomes included perinatal death and neurological outcome at 6 months of age. 〈 i 〉 Results: 〈 /i 〉 From 81 cases with the diagnosis of sIUGR, twin-twin transfusion was diagnosed in 18 cases. This left 63 cases, of which 23 were classified as type I (36.5%), 27 as type II (42.9%) and 13 as type III (20.6%). Intrauterine death occurred in 4.3% (1), 29.6% (8) and 15.4% (2) among IUGR twins, and 4.3% (1), 22.2% (6) and 0.0% (0) among larger twins. Neonatal death occurred in 0.0% (0), 18.5% (5) and 0.0% (0) among IUGR twins, and 0.0% (0), 11.1% (3) and 23.0% (3) among larger twins. Neurological abnormalities at 6 months were found in 4.3% (1), 14.8% (4) and 23.1% (3) in smaller twins and 0.0% (0), 11.1% (3) and 38.5% (5) in larger twins, respectively. Intact survival at 6 months was recorded in 91% (21), 37% (10) and 61% (8) in smaller twins and 95% (22), 55% (15) and 38% (5) in larger twins, respectively. 〈 i 〉 Conclusion: 〈 /i 〉 The outcome in monochorionic twins with sIUGR and abnormal umbilical artery Doppler is poor under expectant management. Normal Doppler seems to be associated with a good prognosis.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 1015-3837 , 1421-9964
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.1159/000253880
    Language: English
    Publisher: S. Karger AG
    Publication Date: 2009
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 1482292-1
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  • 7
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    Successful Conversion Surgery for Stage IV Gastric Cancer after Nivolumab Monotherapy as Third-Line Chemotherapy
    S. Karger AG ; 2021
    In:  Case Reports in Gastroenterology Vol. 15, No. 2 ( 2021-6-23), p. 562-567
    Details
    In: Case Reports in Gastroenterology, S. Karger AG, Vol. 15, No. 2 ( 2021-6-23), p. 562-567
    Abstract: There are few reports of conversion surgery (CS) after nivolumab monotherapy because it is considered as a third-line standard chemotherapy for unresectable or recurrent gastric cancer. Here, we report a rare case of stage IV gastric cancer effectively treated with CS after nivolumab monotherapy as a third-line chemotherapy. A 73-year-old man was referred to our hospital with loss of appetite and abdominal discomfort. Stage IV gastric cancer with liver metastasis was diagnosed via upper gastrointestinal endoscopy and CT. Twelve courses of capecitabine, cisplatin, and trastuzumab were administered as the first-line treatment, 25 courses of paclitaxel plus ramucirumab as the second-line treatment, and 31 courses of nivolumab monotherapy as the third-line treatment. After 31 courses of nivolumab monotherapy, CT showed that the primary tumor shrank with no liver metastasis or ascites. Diagnostic laparoscopy was performed with no peritoneal dissemination (P0), and the peritoneal lavage cytology was negative (CY0). CS was performed with total gastrectomy and D2 lymph node dissection (R0 resection). The pathological diagnosis was U, Ant-Less, Type 2, 70 × 63 mm, poorly differentiated adenocarcinoma (ypT3N0M0 ypStage IIA). R0 resection was performed, and the histological response was grade 1a. The patient did not show recurrence for 9 months after CS.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 1662-0631
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.1159/000514396
    Language: English
    Publisher: S. Karger AG
    Publication Date: 2021
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 2440540-1
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  • 8
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    Immune Regulation by CD4+CD25+ Regulatory T Cells in Patients with Japanese Cedar Pollinosis
    S. Karger AG ; 2011
    In:  International Archives of Allergy and Immunology Vol. 156, No. 2 ( 2011), p. 187-195
    Details
    In: International Archives of Allergy and Immunology, S. Karger AG, Vol. 156, No. 2 ( 2011), p. 187-195
    Abstract: 〈 i 〉 Background: 〈 /i 〉 Evidence indicating that CD4+CD25+ regulatory T (Treg) cells play a crucial role in the maintenance of peripheral T cell tolerance to allergens has been accumulated. To explore the functional role of Treg cells in patients with Japanese cedar pollinosis, we performed an in vitro investigation of the regulation of immune responses to allergens by Treg cells. 〈 i 〉 Methods: 〈 /i 〉 CD4+ and CD4+CD25– T cells obtained from 12 patients with Japanese cedar pollinosis were stimulated with Cry j 1 protein and Cry j 1-derived peptide. On day 6, T cells were tested for allergen-specific reactivity using a CFSE-based proliferation assay and cytokine ELISA assays. The frequency of Cry j 1-specific interleukin (IL)-10-producing Treg cells was assessed by ELISPOT assays. 〈 i 〉 Results: 〈 /i 〉 The proportion of proliferated cells induced by allergen stimulation was similar in both CD4+ and CD4+CD25– cell cultures. The production of interferon (IFN)-γ, but not that of IL-5 was significantly enhanced in CD4+CD25– cell cultures compared to that in CD4+ cell cultures. Interestingly, the production of IL-10 was decreased in CD4+CD25– cell cultures. Moreover, Cry j 1-specific IL-10-producing Treg cells were detected in pollen-allergic patients. 〈 i 〉 Conclusion: 〈 /i 〉 Our findings suggest that in pollen-allergic patients, Treg cells predominantly suppresses Th1 responses rather than Th2 responses, where allergen-specific IL-10-producing Treg cells may also be responsible for the downregulation of allergen-specific immune responses.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 1018-2438 , 1423-0097
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.1159/000322876
    RVK:
    XA 49650
    Language: English
    Publisher: S. Karger AG
    Publication Date: 2011
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 1482722-0
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  • 9
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    〈i〉BRCA2〈/i〉 Frameshift Mutation in de novo Small-Cell Neuroendocrine Carcinoma of the Prostate: A Case Report
    S. Karger AG ; 2023
    In:  Case Reports in Oncology
    Details
    In: Case Reports in Oncology, S. Karger AG
    Abstract: A 66-year-old male was diagnosed with cT4N0M1b small-cell neuroendocrine carcinoma of the prostate. Four months after the administration of combined androgen blockade, multiple novel metastatic regions in the lung and liver and progression of bone metastasis were observed. The patient was referred to our hospital because of biochemical and radiographic progression after four cycles of docetaxel as a first-line therapy for castration-resistant prostate cancer. Transurethral resection of the prostate and hepatic biopsy revealed small-cell carcinoma with positive expression of neuroendocrine markers. The FoundationOne CDx next-generation sequencing test revealed several pathogenic variants, including 〈 i 〉 BRCA2 〈 /i 〉 (W1692fs*3), 〈 i 〉 KEAP1 〈 /i 〉 (R320W), and 〈 i 〉 TP53 〈 /i 〉 (C2385) mutation. After four cycles of chemotherapy with carboplatin plus etoposide (CE), the metastatic regions regressed markedly. The prostate-specific antigen (PSA) and neuron-specific enolase (NSE) level decreased by 96.9% and 91.6%, respectively. However, 2 months after the completion of four cycles of CE, elevation of tumor marker levels, and re-growth of the metastatic regions were observed. Although olaparib, a poly (ADP-ribose) polymerase inhibitor (PARPi), achieved a 45.2% decrease in NSE, the patient rejected to continue therapy because of G2 adverse events. After receiving an additional two cycles of CE and one cycle of cabazitaxel, the patient died because of cancer progression 24 months after the initial treatment for prostate cancer. Here, we present a case of 〈 i 〉 BRCA2 〈 /i 〉 -altered small-cell neuroendocrine prostate cancer treated with both platinum-containing chemotherapy and PARPi. Both therapies achieved an initial response; however, durable responses were not obtained. Additional discussion regarding the optimal treatment strategy for 〈 i 〉 BRCA 〈 /i 〉 -altered small-cell/neuroendocrine prostate cancer is required.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 1662-6575
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.1159/000531134
    Language: English
    Publisher: S. Karger AG
    Publication Date: 2023
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 2458961-5
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  • 10
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    Levothyroxine Dosage as Predictor of Permanent and Transient Congenital Hypothyroidism: A Multicenter Retrospective Study in Japan
    S. Karger AG ; 2019
    In:  Hormone Research in Paediatrics Vol. 92, No. 1 ( 2019), p. 45-51
    Details
    In: Hormone Research in Paediatrics, S. Karger AG, Vol. 92, No. 1 ( 2019), p. 45-51
    Abstract: 〈 b 〉 〈 i 〉 Background: 〈 /i 〉 〈 /b 〉 Congenital hypothyroidism (CH) can be divided into 2 types, transient CH (T-CH) and permanent CH (P-CH), depending on the requirement of levothyroxine (LT4) for life-long treatment. Several studies have recently reported that the LT4 dosage is useful for predicting the LT4 requirement, but none of the studies followed their patients to puberty. 〈 b 〉 〈 i 〉 Objective: 〈 /i 〉 〈 /b 〉 To determine the cutoff value for the LT4 dosage as a predictor of the LT4 requirement after puberty in patients with CH. 〈 b 〉 〈 i 〉 Methods: 〈 /i 〉 〈 /b 〉 The LT4 dosage and clinical data on 99 patients with CH who were followed at the participating hospitals from the neonatal period to 15 years of age or older were retrospectively analyzed. Based on their LT4 requirement at their last hospital visit, the participants were divided into the P-CH group ( 〈 i 〉 n 〈 /i 〉 = 75), who were treated with LT4, and the T-CH group ( 〈 i 〉 n 〈 /i 〉 = 24), who were not. 〈 b 〉 〈 i 〉 Results: 〈 /i 〉 〈 /b 〉 At age 1 year, a higher LT4 dosage was required for the P-CH group (median 3.75 vs. 2.88 µg/kg/day; 〈 i 〉 p 〈 /i 〉 & #x3c; 0.001). When the LT4 dosage cutoff value at age 1 year was set at 4.79 and 1.74 µg/kg/day, the specificity of P-CH and T-CH (for denying T-CH and P-CH, respectively) was 100 and 97%, respectively. 〈 b 〉 〈 i 〉 Conclusions: 〈 /i 〉 〈 /b 〉 An LT4 dosage above 4.7 µg/kg/day and below 1.8 µg/kg/day at age 1 year may help predict P-CH and T-CH, respectively.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 1663-2818 , 1663-2826
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.1159/000502418
    Language: English
    Publisher: S. Karger AG
    Publication Date: 2019
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 2540224-9
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