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  • 1
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    Online Resource
    Reduction of Neutrophil Activation by Vitamin E Modified Dialyzer Membranes
    S. Karger AG ; 2000
    In:  Nephron Vol. 85, No. 3 ( 2000), p. 221-231
    Details
    In: Nephron, S. Karger AG, Vol. 85, No. 3 ( 2000), p. 221-231
    Abstract: 〈 i 〉 Background/Aim: 〈 /i 〉 Transient leukopenia during hemodialysis due to neutrophil activation is attributed to bioincompatibility of the dailysis membrane, but the mechanism remains unclear. We studied the mechanism of neutrophilic activation by comparing a vitamin E modified membrane (CLEE) and a regular cellulose membrane (CLSS). 〈 i 〉 Methods: 〈 /i 〉 (1) CLSS and CLEE membranes were used in a crossover clinical study in 7 chronic hemodialysis patients. Neutropenia, CD11b expression, and plasma C3a and myeloperoxidase concentrations were compared between the two dialyzer membranes. (2) Normal blood was circulated through CLEE and CLSS minimodels, and the same parameters were compared. (3) Blood samples with modified complement activities (EDTA: both classical and alternative pathways inactivated; EGTA+Mg: classical pathway inactivated; heating: alternative pathway inactivated; control: no modification) were incubated in the CLSS minimodel, and the neutrophilic activation was compared. 〈 i 〉 Results: 〈 /i 〉 In clinical hemodialysis, neutropenia, CD11b expression, and C3a and myeloperoxidase levels were significantly lower when CLEE membranes were used. The same tendency was observed in minimodels. However, the degrees of inhibition in clinical dialysis, especially at the venous line, were significantly higher than in minimodels. As compared with controls, CD11b expression and myeloperoxidase level were significantly lower when both classical and alternative pathways were inactivated or when the classical pathway alone was inactivated, but were not significantly different when the alternative pathway alone was inactivated. 〈 i 〉 Conclusions: 〈 /i 〉 Vitamin E modification of the dialyzer reduces some reactions of neutrophilic activation, such as CD11b expression and myeloperoxidase release, more effectively in the clinical situation than in ex vivo models, suggesting a possible effect of vitamin E in inhibiting bioreactions due to pyrogen in the dialysate. The classical complement pathway is required in membrane-induced neutrophilic activation, at least during the initial stage.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 1660-8151 , 2235-3186
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.1159/000045665
    Language: English
    Publisher: S. Karger AG
    Publication Date: 2000
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 2810853-X
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  • 2
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Effects of Neutral pH and Reduced Glucose Degradation Products in a New Peritoneal Dialysis Solution on Morphology of Peritoneal Membrane in Rats
    S. Karger AG ; 2005
    In:  Nephron Experimental Nephrology Vol. 100, No. 1 ( 2005-3-3), p. e30-e39
    Details
    In: Nephron Experimental Nephrology, S. Karger AG, Vol. 100, No. 1 ( 2005-3-3), p. e30-e39
    Abstract: 〈 i 〉 Background: 〈 /i 〉 In vitro studies have shown that pH and glucose degradation products (GDPs) in the dialysate are determinant factors for the biocompatibility of peritoneal dialysis (PD) treatment. The present study was thus designed to evaluate whether a newly developed PD solution, which features neutral pH levels and a low GDP concentration, influences tissue damage of the peritoneal membrane in an in vivo setting, and which factor is more critical to the histological changes. 〈 i 〉 Methods: 〈 /i 〉 Rats were injected 3 times per day during 1 or 4 weeks with 10 ml of various PD fluids (group G, acidic pH, high GDPs; group S, neutral pH, low GDPs; or group A, acidic pH, low GDPs). When the experimental period was over, the mesothelial cell monolayers of the animals were taken and studied with population analysis, and peritoneal membranes were obtained from the abdominal wall for immunohistochemical examination with proliferating cell nuclear antigen (PCNA) and for measurement of thickness of the peritoneal specimens. 〈 i 〉 Results: 〈 /i 〉 The density of the mesothelial cell monolayer and the number of fibroblast-like cells in group S were significantly less than in group G at 1 and 4 weeks’ injection. PCNA-positive nuclei in group S were significantly less than in group G for only the 1-week injection set (group G, 2.03 ± 0.95; group S, 0.85 ± 1.18 nuclei/1 × 10 〈 sup 〉 4 〈 /sup 〉 µm 〈 sup 〉 2 〈 /sup 〉 ). At 4 weeks, the peritoneal thickness of group S (6.32 ± 0.53 µm) was significantly less than that of group G (7.94 ± 0.77 µm), There was no significant difference between groups S and A throughout the whole study period except for the result of the number of fibroblast-like cells. 〈 i 〉 Conclusion: 〈 /i 〉 These results indicate that a PD solution with a neutral pH and low GDPs proved more biocompatible with the peritoneal membrane than a solution with an acidic pH and high GDPs. Furthermore, the level of the GDPs has more impact on tissue damage of the peritoneal membrane than the pH in the short term.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 1660-2129
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.1159/000084110
    Language: English
    Publisher: S. Karger AG
    Publication Date: 2005
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 2098337-2
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  • 3
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Combined Therapy with Peritoneal Dialysis and Hemodialysis: A Multicenter Retrospective Observational Cohort Study in Japan
    S. Karger AG ; 2014
    In:  Blood Purification Vol. 38, No. 2 ( 2014), p. 149-153
    Details
    In: Blood Purification, S. Karger AG, Vol. 38, No. 2 ( 2014), p. 149-153
    Abstract: 〈 b 〉 〈 i 〉 Background/Aims: 〈 /i 〉 〈 /b 〉 Combining peritoneal dialysis (PD) and hemodialysis (HD) has been common treatment option in Japan. 〈 b 〉 〈 i 〉 Methods: 〈 /i 〉 〈 /b 〉 In this retrospective, multicenter, observational study, the clinical characteristics and outcomes of 104 patients (57 w 11 years, males 72%) who had switched from PD alone to combined therapy with PD and HD were studied. Clinical parameters were measured at baseline and after 3 months of combined therapy. 〈 b 〉 〈 i 〉 Results: 〈 /i 〉 〈 /b 〉 At baseline, urine volume, dialysate-to-plasma ratio of creatinine (D/P Cr), and total Kt/V were 150 ml/day (range: 0-2,000 ml/day), 0.67 w 0.11, and 1.8 w 0.4, respectively. During the first 3 months of combined therapy, body weight, urine volume, serum creatinine level, and D/P Cr decreased, whereas hemoglobin levels increased. 〈 b 〉 〈 i 〉 Conclusions: 〈 /i 〉 〈 /b 〉 In patients where PD does not result in acceptable outcomes, combined therapy with PD and HD may have potential benefits in terms of dialysis adequacy and hydration status. Video Journal Club & #8220;Cappuccino with Claudio Ronco & #8221; at http://www.karger.com/?doi=368389 i 2014 S. Karger AG, Basel
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 0253-5068 , 1421-9735
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.1159/000368389
    Language: English
    Publisher: S. Karger AG
    Publication Date: 2014
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 1482025-0
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  • 4
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    IGF-I as an Early Indicator of Malnutrition in Patients with End-Stage Renal Disease
    S. Karger AG ; 1994
    In:  Nephron Vol. 67, No. 1 ( 1994), p. 73-81
    Details
    In: Nephron, S. Karger AG, Vol. 67, No. 1 ( 1994), p. 73-81
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 1660-8151 , 2235-3186
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.1159/000187891
    Language: English
    Publisher: S. Karger AG
    Publication Date: 1994
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 2810853-X
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  • 5
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Therapeutic Effect of a Newly Developed Antioxidative Agent (OPC-15161) on Experimental Immune Complex Nephritis
    S. Karger AG ; 1997
    In:  Nephron Vol. 76, No. 3 ( 1997), p. 315-322
    Details
    In: Nephron, S. Karger AG, Vol. 76, No. 3 ( 1997), p. 315-322
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 1423-0186 , 0028-2766
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.1159/000190198
    Language: English
    Publisher: S. Karger AG
    Publication Date: 1997
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 2098337-2
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 2098336-0
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 2098340-2
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 1464421-6
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  • 6
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    IGF-l/IGFBP-1 as an Index for Discrimination between Responder and Nonresponderto Recombinant Human Growth Hormone in Malnourished Uremic Patients on Hemodialysis
    S. Karger AG ; 1997
    In:  Nephron Vol. 77, No. 1 ( 1997), p. 29-36
    Details
    In: Nephron, S. Karger AG, Vol. 77, No. 1 ( 1997), p. 29-36
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 1423-0186 , 0028-2766
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.1159/000190243
    Language: English
    Publisher: S. Karger AG
    Publication Date: 1997
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 2098337-2
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 2098336-0
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 2098340-2
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 1464421-6
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  • 7
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Plasma Pentosidine Levels Measured by a Newly Developed Method Using ELISA in Patients with Chronic Renal Failure
    S. Karger AG ; 2002
    In:  Nephron Vol. 91, No. 1 ( 2002), p. 64-73
    Details
    In: Nephron, S. Karger AG, Vol. 91, No. 1 ( 2002), p. 64-73
    Abstract: The plasma pentosidine levels in patients with renal disease were measured by a simple method which was established for plasma and urinary pentosidine determinations. The method, which can be completed within a few hours, involves pretreating plasma with proteolytic enzyme (pronase) and measuring the concentration of pentosidine in the sample by ELISA using antipentosidine antibodies. The prepared antibodies showed no cross-reaction with the raw materials for pentosidine synthesis or with compounds having similar structures. SDS-PAGE indicated that the antibodies had a high purity. The reaction of the antibodies and keyhole limpet hemocyanin-pentosidine in the competitive ELISA system was inhibited by free pentosidine. Excellent standard curves for pentosidine determination were obtained. In actual measurements of clinical samples from patients, a good correlation (r = 0.9356) was obtained between the values measured by ELISA and HPLC. The plasma pentosidine level in patients with renal disease correlated significantly with plasma creatinine, urea nitrogen, β 〈 sub 〉 2 〈 /sub 〉 -microglobulin, and creatinine clearance, indicating its usefulness in evaluating the severity of renal disease. A significant elevation in plasma pentosidine levels was observed in mild renal dysfunction, whereas no significant increases in creatinine and urea nitrogen levels were detected, suggesting that the plasma pentosidine level is useful in the early diagnosis of beginning renal failure. In patients with chronic renal failure, no difference in plasma pentosidine levels was observed between diabetic nephropathy and chronic glomerulonephritis, while a significant correlation was observed with phosphatidylcholine hydroperoxide, suggesting the possibility that the plasma pentosidine level reflects injury due to oxidation. From these results, the quantitative measurement method developed by us is judged to be a superior innovation for measuring pentosidine in body fluids. The plasma pentosidine level may be useful for the early diagnosis of mild renal failure and to estimate the degree of the severity of renal diseases.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 1660-8151 , 2235-3186
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.1159/000057606
    Language: English
    Publisher: S. Karger AG
    Publication Date: 2002
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 2810853-X
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  • 8
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    The Prevalence of the Risk Factors for Atherosclerosis among Type 2 Diabetic Patients Is Greater in the Progressive Stages of Chronic Kidney Disease
    S. Karger AG ; 2013
    In:  Nephron Extra Vol. 3, No. 1 ( 2013-7-12), p. 66-72
    Details
    In: Nephron Extra, S. Karger AG, Vol. 3, No. 1 ( 2013-7-12), p. 66-72
    Abstract: 〈 b 〉 〈 i 〉 Background/Aims: 〈 /i 〉 〈 /b 〉 The prevalence of the risk factors for atherosclerosis, other than diabetes mellitus, among type 2 diabetic patients with different stages of chronic kidney disease (CKD) determined by glomerular filtration rate (GFR) was investigated. 〈 b 〉 〈 i 〉 Methods: 〈 /i 〉 〈 /b 〉 The prevalence of ten risk factors (age ≥65 years, history of smoking, male gender, obesity, albuminuria, hypertension, hypercholesterolemia, hypo-HDL-cholesterolemia, hyperuricemia and anemia) was determined in 2,107 Japanese type 2 diabetic patients with different stages of CKD (six stages according to GFR). 〈 b 〉 〈 i 〉 Results: 〈 /i 〉 〈 /b 〉 The risk factors for age ≥65 years and male gender were found in 49 and 62% of the study subjects, respectively. The percentages of subjects with a current history of smoking, obesity, albuminuria, hypertension, hypercholesterolemia, hypo-HDL-cholesterolemia, hyperuricemia and anemia were 35, 44, 47, 70, 61, 13, 21 and 26%, respectively. The prevalence of age ≥65 years, male gender, albuminuria, hypertension, hypo-HDL-cholesterolemia, hyperuricemia and anemia was greater in the later stages of GFR, whereas the prevalence of hypercholesterolemia and obesity did not differ between stages. The prevalence of a current history of smoking was lower in the later stages of GFR. The cumulative number of risk factors increased from 3.1 to 6.8 in the later stages of GFR. 〈 b 〉 〈 i 〉 Conclusion: 〈 /i 〉 〈 /b 〉 Among type 2 diabetic patients with CKD, the total number of risk factors increases with the progression of renal dysfunction. It is important to pay attention to newly recognized risk factors for hyperuricemia and anemia, in addition to hypertension, albuminuria and hypo-HDL-cholesterolemia, in monitoring diabetic patients with later stages of CKD.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 1664-5529
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.1159/000353592
    Language: English
    Publisher: S. Karger AG
    Publication Date: 2013
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 2658188-7
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