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  • 1
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Improved Visual Perception in Very Low Birth Weight Infants on Enhanced Nutrient Supply
    S. Karger AG ; 2015
    In:  Neonatology Vol. 108, No. 1 ( 2015), p. 30-37
    Details
    In: Neonatology, S. Karger AG, Vol. 108, No. 1 ( 2015), p. 30-37
    Abstract: 〈 b 〉 〈 i 〉 Background: 〈 /i 〉 〈 /b 〉 Optimal nutrient supply to very low birth weight (VLBW: BW 〈 1,500 g) infants is important for growth and neurodevelopment. Growth restriction is common among these infants and may be associated with neurocognitive impairments. 〈 b 〉 〈 i 〉 Objectives: 〈 /i 〉 〈 /b 〉 To compare an enhanced nutrient supply to a routine supply given to VLBW infants and to evaluate the effects on visual perception of global form and motion measured by visual event-related potentials (VERP). 〈 b 〉 〈 i 〉 Methods: 〈 /i 〉 〈 /b 〉 A total of 50 VLBW infants were randomized to an intervention group that received an increased supply of energy, protein, fat, essential fatty acids, and vitamin A or a control group that received standard nutritional care. At 5 months' corrected age the infants were examined using VERP to investigate the responses to global form and motion. VERP were analysed at the first (f1) and third (f3) harmonics of the stimulus frequency. 〈 b 〉 〈 i 〉 Results: 〈 /i 〉 〈 /b 〉 Data from 31 subjects were eligible for analysis. The motion VERP responses for the f1 and f3 components were stronger in the area near the posterior midline region in the intervention group compared to the controls in the group analyses (p = 0.02 and p = 0.001, respectively). 〈 b 〉 〈 i 〉 Conclusion: 〈 /i 〉 〈 /b 〉 The results showed a more consistent response to global motion among infants receiving enhanced nutrition. The intervention may have improved visual perception of global motion.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 1661-7800 , 1661-7819
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.1159/000381660
    Language: English
    Publisher: S. Karger AG
    Publication Date: 2015
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 2403535-X
    SSG: 12
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  • 2
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Long-Chain Polyunsaturated Fatty Acids and Clinical Outcomes of Preterm Infants
    S. Karger AG ; 2016
    In:  Annals of Nutrition and Metabolism Vol. 69, No. Suppl. 1 ( 2016), p. 35-44
    Details
    In: Annals of Nutrition and Metabolism, S. Karger AG, Vol. 69, No. Suppl. 1 ( 2016), p. 35-44
    Abstract: Long-chain polyunsaturated fatty acids (LCPUFAs) play specific roles during the perinatal period and are very important nutrients to consider. The possible effects of LCPUFAs, particularly docosahexaenoic acid (DHA), on various clinical outcomes of preterm infants are discussed in this paper. Since DHA accumulates in the central nervous system during development, a lot of attention has focused on the effects of DHA on neurodevelopment. Experimental studies as well as recent clinical trials show that providing larger amounts of DHA than currently and routinely provided is associated with better neurological outcomes at 18 months to 2 years. This early advantage, however, does not seem to translate into detectable change in visual and neurodevelopmental outcomes or behavior when assessed in childhood. There is growing evidence that, in addition to effects on development, omega-3 LCPUFAs may reduce the incidence or severity of neonatal morbidities by affecting different steps of the immune and anti-inflammatory response. Studies in preterm infants suggest that the omega-3 LCPUFAs may play a significant role by reducing the risk of bronchopulmonary dysplasia, necrotizing enterocolitis and possibly retinopathy of prematurity and sepsis. Overall, evidence is increasing to support the benefits of high-dose DHA for various health outcomes of preterm infants. These findings are of major clinical relevance mainly because infants born preterm are at particularly high risk for a nutritional deficit in omega-3 fatty acids, predisposing to adverse neonatal outcomes. Further studies are warranted to address these issues as well as to more precisely determine the LCPUFA requirement in order to favor the best possible outcomes of preterm infants.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 0250-6807 , 1421-9697
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.1159/000448265
    Language: English
    Publisher: S. Karger AG
    Publication Date: 2016
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 1481977-6
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  • 3
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Enhanced Nutrient Supply to Very Low Birth Weight Infants is Associated with Improved White Matter Maturation and Head Growth
    S. Karger AG ; 2015
    In:  Neonatology Vol. 107, No. 1 ( 2015), p. 68-75
    Details
    In: Neonatology, S. Karger AG, Vol. 107, No. 1 ( 2015), p. 68-75
    Abstract: 〈 b 〉 〈 i 〉 Background: 〈 /i 〉 〈 /b 〉 Extrauterine growth restriction is common among very low birth weight infants (VLBW, BW 〈 1,500 g). Optimal postnatal nutrient supply is essential to limit growth restriction and ensure adequate growth and neurodevelopment. 〈 b 〉 〈 i 〉 Objectives: 〈 /i 〉 〈 /b 〉 We compared an enhanced postnatal nutrient supply to a standard supply and evaluated the effects on growth velocity, head circumference growth and cerebral maturation - the latter by magnetic resonance diffusion tensor imaging (DTI). We hypothesized increased growth velocity, head circumference growth and decreased mean diffusivity (MD) in cerebral white matter (WM) areas, suggesting improved cerebral maturation among infants on the enhanced nutrient supply. 〈 b 〉 〈 i 〉 Methods: 〈 /i 〉 〈 /b 〉 In this randomized controlled trial, infants on the enhanced nutrient supply received increased amounts of energy, protein, fat, essential fatty acids and vitamin A until discharge. DTI was performed close to term equivalent age. Outcomes were growth velocity, head circumference growth and WM mean diffusivity. 〈 b 〉 〈 i 〉 Results: 〈 /i 〉 〈 /b 〉 Among the 50 included infants, 14 in the intervention group and 11 controls underwent a successful DTI. Infants on the enhanced diet achieved improved growth velocity (16.5 vs. 13.8 g/kg/day, p = 0.01) and increased head circumference ( & #x0394;z score: 0.24 vs. -0.12, p = 0.15). A significantly lower MD was seen in a large WM area such as the superior longitudinal fasciculi (1.19 × 10 〈 sup 〉 -3 〈 /sup 〉 vs. 1.24 × 10 〈 sup 〉 -3 〈 /sup 〉 mm 〈 sup 〉 2 〈 /sup 〉 /s, p = 0.04, adjusted for age when scanned). 〈 b 〉 〈 i 〉 Conclusions: 〈 /i 〉 〈 /b 〉 Enhanced nutrient supply to VLBW infants is associated with improved growth velocity, increased head circumference growth and decreased regional WM mean diffusivity, suggesting improved maturation of cerebral connective tracts.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 1661-7800 , 1661-7819
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.1159/000368181
    Language: English
    Publisher: S. Karger AG
    Publication Date: 2015
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 2403535-X
    SSG: 12
    Location Call Number Limitation Availability
    BibTip Others were also interested in ...
    Online Resource
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