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  • 1
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    S. Karger AG ; 2009
    In:  International Archives of Allergy and Immunology Vol. 148, No. 4 ( 2009), p. 297-304
    In: International Archives of Allergy and Immunology, S. Karger AG, Vol. 148, No. 4 ( 2009), p. 297-304
    Abstract: 〈 i 〉 Background: 〈 /i 〉 Probiotics are used as a management strategy for allergic diseases, but their effects on allergic responses in sensitized allergic individuals remain unclear. This study explored the immunomodulatory effects of probiotics on allergen-specific allergic reactions in an allergy mouse model. 〈 i 〉 Methods: 〈 /i 〉 C57BL/6 mice were presensitized by epicutaneous patching with recombinant Der p 2, and were subsequently administered orally with either heat-killed wild-type 〈 i 〉 Lactobacillus casei 〈 /i 〉 or NaHCO 〈 sub 〉 3 〈 /sub 〉 buffer for 5 weeks (n = 6 per group). All mice then received 2 subcutaneous immunizations of Der p 2 to mimic allergen immunotherapy, followed by aerosol challenge with Der p 2 a week later. 〈 i 〉 Results: 〈 /i 〉 The Der p 2-sensitized mice fed 〈 i 〉 L. casei 〈 /i 〉 showed significantly lower Der p 2-specific IgE and IgG1 after subcutaneous immunizations and airway challenge with Der p 2 compared to the control, unfed group. Splenic T cells of mice fed 〈 i 〉 L. casei 〈 /i 〉 showed suppression of Th-2 (IL-5, IL-13, IL-10 and IL-4) and proinflammatory (TNF-α, IFN-γ) cytokines. Following airway allergen challenge, the mice fed 〈 i 〉 L. casei 〈 /i 〉 showed histological evidence of attenuation of lung inflammation, as well as reductions in the total cell count and Th2 and proinflammatory cytokines in bronchoalveolar lavage fluid, compared to controls. Taken together, these results suggest that the oral administration of heat-killed 〈 i 〉 L. casei 〈 /i 〉 could effectively downregulate the pre-existing Th-2 allergic responses and pulmonary inflammatory responses upon subcutaneous and airway allergen challenge. 〈 i 〉 Conclusions: 〈 /i 〉 〈 i 〉 L. casei 〈 /i 〉 has intrinsic adjuvant and immunomodulatory properties that could potentially be exploited for secondary prevention or treatment of allergic respiratory diseases.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 1018-2438 , 1423-0097
    RVK:
    Language: English
    Publisher: S. Karger AG
    Publication Date: 2009
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 1482722-0
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  • 2
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    S. Karger AG ; 2018
    In:  International Archives of Allergy and Immunology Vol. 175, No. 1-2 ( 2018), p. 91-98
    In: International Archives of Allergy and Immunology, S. Karger AG, Vol. 175, No. 1-2 ( 2018), p. 91-98
    Abstract: 〈 b 〉 〈 i 〉 Background: 〈 /i 〉 〈 /b 〉 The study objective was to compare age-related differences in the cause and clinical presentation of anaphylaxis. 〈 b 〉 〈 i 〉 Methods: 〈 /i 〉 〈 /b 〉 We conducted a prospective study of patients visiting the emergency department for anaphylaxis. Data were collected from 3 emergency departments from 1 April 2014 to 31 December 2015. Patient electronic records with the diagnoses of allergy, angioedema, urticaria, and anaphylaxis (ICD-9 codes 9953, 9951, 7080, 9950, 7089) were screened and cases fulfilling World Allergy Organisation criteria for anaphylaxis were included. 〈 b 〉 〈 i 〉 Results: 〈 /i 〉 〈 /b 〉 A total of 426 cases of anaphylaxis were identified with a median age of 23 years (range 3 months to 88 years and 9 months). The causes of anaphylaxis were food ( 〈 i 〉 n 〈 /i 〉 = 236, 55%), drugs ( 〈 i 〉 n 〈 /i 〉 = 85, 20%), idiopathic ( 〈 i 〉 n 〈 /i 〉 = 64, 15%), and insect bites or stings ( 〈 i 〉 n 〈 /i 〉 = 28, 7%). The most common food was shellfish ( 〈 i 〉 n 〈 /i 〉 = 58, 14%) and the most common drugs were non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs ( 〈 i 〉 n 〈 /i 〉 = 26, 6%). There were more cases of food anaphylaxis in children than in adults (72 vs. 42%, 〈 i 〉 p 〈 /i 〉 〈 0.001) and more cases of drug anaphylaxis in adults than in children (28 vs. 10%, 〈 i 〉 p 〈 /i 〉 〈 0.001). Compared to patients of other ages, infants and young children had more gastrointestinal symptoms (adjusted odds ratio [aOR] 2.1, 95% CI 1.1-3.9), while schoolchildren and adolescents had more respiratory symptoms (aOR 2.7, 95% CI 1.4-5.2). Adults had more cardiovascular symptoms (aOR 2.9, 95% CI 1.8-4.6) and hypotension (aOR 3.7, 95% CI 2.1-6.8) compared to children. However, 42% of the infants lacked blood pressure measurements. 〈 b 〉 〈 i 〉 Conclusions: 〈 /i 〉 〈 /b 〉 Knowledge of age-related variation in the cause and clinical presentation of anaphylaxis aids in diagnosis and acute management.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 1018-2438 , 1423-0097
    RVK:
    Language: English
    Publisher: S. Karger AG
    Publication Date: 2018
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 1482722-0
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  • 3
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    S. Karger AG ; 2015
    In:  Annals of Nutrition and Metabolism Vol. 66, No. Suppl. 1 ( 2015), p. 18-24
    In: Annals of Nutrition and Metabolism, S. Karger AG, Vol. 66, No. Suppl. 1 ( 2015), p. 18-24
    Abstract: Atopic dermatitis (AD) is a common chronic inflammatory skin condition in children. In Asia, the prevalence of AD is increasing, which is largely attributed to environmental and socioeconomic factors including family income, parental education, lifestyle and metropolitan living. Current clinical guidelines recommend a stepped approach in the management of eczema in children, with treatment steps tailored to the severity of the eczema. To address the skin barrier dysfunction, skin hydration and the application of emollients is essential. There is evidence supporting the use of bleach baths as an antimicrobial therapy against Staphylococcus aureus. In patients in whom topical treatment fails, wet wrap therapy may be considered as a treatment option before considering systemic therapies. In the second part of this article, the economic burden of AD is addressed. AD not only negatively impacts the child's quality of life but also that of the whole family and is associated with a burden on health-care costs and society. AD in an infant will lead to frequent additional visits to the pediatrician, to additional and partially expensive treatment costs and, in rare cases, to hospitalization. It is thus of utmost importance to define efficient strategies to not only treat AD but also to decrease the risk of developing the disease.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 0250-6807 , 1421-9697
    Language: English
    Publisher: S. Karger AG
    Publication Date: 2015
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 1481977-6
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  • 4
    In: International Archives of Allergy and Immunology, S. Karger AG, Vol. 173, No. 2 ( 2017), p. 105-113
    Abstract: 〈 b 〉 〈 i 〉 Background: 〈 /i 〉 〈 /b 〉 Maternal diet during pregnancy has been suggested to be an important early-life exposure that influences immune tolerance and the development of allergic diseases in offspring. 〈 b 〉 〈 i 〉 Methods: 〈 /i 〉 〈 /b 〉 We examined the relationship between maternal dietary patterns assessed using 24-h recalls and food diaries at 26-28 weeks of pregnancy and the subsequent development of allergic outcomes in the offspring in the Growing Up in Singapore towards Healthy Outcomes (GUSTO) birth cohort. Exploratory factor analysis was used to characterize maternal dietary patterns during pregnancy. During repeated visits in the first 36 months of life, questionnaires were administered to ascertain allergic symptoms, namely, eczema, rhinitis, and wheeze. At ages 18 and 36 months, we administered skin-prick testing to inhalant and food allergens. 〈 b 〉 〈 i 〉 Results: 〈 /i 〉 〈 /b 〉 Of the 3 maternal dietary patterns that emerged, the seafood and noodles pattern was associated with a reduced risk of developing allergen sensitization at both 18 months (odds ratio [95% confidence interval]: 0.7 [0.5-0.9] ) and 36 months (0.7 [0.6-0.9]) after adjustment for a family history of allergy, and ethnicity, sex, and maternal education levels. No associations between the patterns vegetables, fruit, and white rice or pasta, cheese, and processed meat were observed with any of the allergic outcomes in the first 18 and 36 months of life. 〈 b 〉 〈 i 〉 Conclusion: 〈 /i 〉 〈 /b 〉 Maternal diet during pregnancy can influence the subsequent development of allergic outcomes in offspring.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 1018-2438 , 1423-0097
    RVK:
    Language: English
    Publisher: S. Karger AG
    Publication Date: 2017
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 1482722-0
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  • 5
    In: International Archives of Allergy and Immunology, S. Karger AG, Vol. 163, No. 1 ( 2014), p. 25-28
    Abstract: 〈 b 〉 〈 i 〉 Background: 〈 /i 〉 〈 /b 〉 Healthy gut microflora is essential for oral tolerance and immunity. A promising approach to preventing allergic diseases in genetically at-risk infants is to introduce administration of probiotics early in life when their immune system is still relatively immature. 〈 b 〉 〈 i 〉 Objective: 〈 /i 〉 〈 /b 〉 In this follow-up study, we aim to determine if early-life supplementation with strains of probiotics has any long-term effect on allergic outcomes. 〈 b 〉 〈 i 〉 Methods: 〈 /i 〉 〈 /b 〉 We analyzed the charts and electronic databases of the PROMPT (Probiotics in Milk for the Prevention of Atopy Trial) study cohort. This cohort consisted of 253 infants at risk for allergy who were administered cow's milk supplemented with or without probiotics from the first day of life to the age of 6 months. The cohort was then followed up until the children were 5 years old and clinical outcomes were assessed. 〈 b 〉 〈 i 〉 Results: 〈 /i 〉 〈 /b 〉 Of the 253 children recruited into the study, 220 (87%) completed the follow-up. At the age of 5 years, there were no significant differences between the groups in the proportion of children who had developed any asthma, allergic rhinitis, eczema, food allergy and sensitization to inhalant allergens. Similar growth rates were observed in both groups. 〈 b 〉 〈 i 〉 Conclusions: 〈 /i 〉 〈 /b 〉 The supplementation of probiotics in early childhood did not play a role in the prevention of allergic diseases. 〈 b 〉 〈 i 〉 Clinical/Key Message: 〈 /i 〉 〈 /b 〉 Early-life supplementation with probiotics did not change allergic outcomes at 5 years of age.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 1018-2438 , 1423-0097
    RVK:
    Language: English
    Publisher: S. Karger AG
    Publication Date: 2014
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 1482722-0
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  • 6
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    S. Karger AG ; 2001
    In:  International Archives of Allergy and Immunology Vol. 126, No. 4 ( 2001), p. 286-293
    In: International Archives of Allergy and Immunology, S. Karger AG, Vol. 126, No. 4 ( 2001), p. 286-293
    Abstract: 〈 i 〉 Blomia tropicalis 〈 /i 〉 is an important mite species in many parts of the world and the most predominant mite species in tropical countries. The prevalence of sensitization to this species has probably been underestimated because commercial extracts are largely unavailable. Identification and characterization of 〈 i 〉 B. tropicalis 〈 /i 〉 allergens is an important step toward understanding the role of this species in allergic sensitization and could provide appropriate reagents for diagnostic and therapeutic procedures. This paper describes the isolation, sequence analysis, expression and allergenicity of a cDNA gene coding for a 〈 i 〉 B. tropicalis 〈 /i 〉 allergen with homology to paramyosin, a high-molecular-weight allergen previously identified in 〈 i 〉 Dermatophagoides farinae 〈 /i 〉 . The full-length Blo t 11 cDNA gene was isolated by cDNA library screening, 5′-rapid amplification of cDNA ends and long-distance PCR. Sequence analysis was performed with a combination of CLUSTAL W, CGC and BLAST program packages. The cDNA gene was expressed as a GST fusion protein in 〈 i 〉 Escherichia coli 〈 /i 〉 and purified by affinity chromatography using the glutathione Sepharose column. Allergenicity of the rBlo t 11 was tested by human IgE dot blot immunoassay. Blo t 11 is a 3,111-bp cDNA gene with a 2,625-bp open reading frame coding for an 875-amino acid protein, exhibiting significant homology with different invertebrate paramyosins. The human IgE dot blot immunoassay showed that the rBlo t 11 reacted positively to 52% (33/63) of sera from asthmatic patients. Blo t 11 is the homolog of Der f 11 exhibiting potentially important allergenic activity.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 1018-2438 , 1423-0097
    RVK:
    Language: English
    Publisher: S. Karger AG
    Publication Date: 2001
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 1482722-0
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  • 7
    In: International Archives of Allergy and Immunology, S. Karger AG, Vol. 159, No. 4 ( 2012), p. 384-390
    Abstract: 〈 b 〉 〈 i 〉 Background: 〈 /i 〉 〈 /b 〉 Fish allergy is the third most common food allergy after milk and egg in parts of Europe, but there is little data about prevalence in South East Asia where it is an important part of regular diets. 〈 b 〉 〈 i 〉 Objective: 〈 /i 〉 〈 /b 〉 We aimed to obtain an estimate of the population prevalence of fish allergy among older children in the Philippines, Singapore and Thailand. 〈 b 〉 〈 i 〉 Methods: 〈 /i 〉 〈 /b 〉 The population prevalence of fish allergy in 14- to 16-year-old children in the 3 countries was evaluated using a structured written questionnaire which was distributed to students of randomly selected secondary schools. An extended questionnaire to determine convincing fish allergy on the basis of typical clinical manifestations within 2 h of ingestion was administered to those with positive responses. 〈 b 〉 〈 i 〉 Results: 〈 /i 〉 〈 /b 〉 From acohort of 25,842 students, responses were 81.1% in the Philippines (n = 11,434), 67.9% in Singapore (n = 6,498) and 80.2% (n = 2,034) in Thailand. Using criteria for convincing food allergy, fish allergy was much higher in the Philippines [2.29%, 95% confidence interval (CI) 2.02–2.56] than in Singapore (0.26%, 95% CI 0.14–0.79) and Thailand (0.29%, 95% CI 0.06–0.52). Weighted multiple logistic regression analyses showed that compared to the Philippines, prevalence rates were lower in Singapore [odds ratio (OR) 0.40, 95% CI 0.27–0.60, p 〈 0.0001] and Thailand (OR 0.13, 95% CI 0.05–0.33, p 〈 0.0001). Females were more likely to have fish allergy compared to males for all children combined (OR 1.32, 95% CI 1.11–1.58, p = 0.002). Most allergies appeared mild, as only 28% of cases sought medical consultation at the time of the reaction and 31.2% of cases reported continued exposure despite allergic symptoms. 〈 b 〉 〈 i 〉 Conclusion: 〈 /i 〉 〈 /b 〉 Fish allergy in late childhood is more common in the Philippines compared to Singapore and Thailand. Differences in food processing, dietary habits and other cultural practices might be important risk factors for the development of fish allergy in these populations.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 1018-2438 , 1423-0097
    RVK:
    Language: English
    Publisher: S. Karger AG
    Publication Date: 2012
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 1482722-0
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  • 8
    In: International Archives of Allergy and Immunology, S. Karger AG, Vol. 166, No. 4 ( 2015), p. 273-279
    Abstract: 〈 b 〉 〈 i 〉 Background: 〈 /i 〉 〈 /b 〉 Atopic dermatitis (AD) has been highlighted as a likely first step in the ‘atopic march', emphasizing the need to define predisposing factors. 〈 b 〉 〈 i 〉 Methods: 〈 /i 〉 〈 /b 〉 We evaluated AD risk factors and phenotypes in an Asian mother-offspring cohort 〈 b 〉 〈 i 〉 . 〈 /i 〉 〈 /b 〉 We defined three phenotypes of doctor-diagnosed AD based on the time of onset of the disease: early AD occurring within the first 6 months of life, AD occurring between 6 and 12 months and late-onset AD starting after the age of 12 months. 〈 b 〉 〈 i 〉 Results: 〈 /i 〉 〈 /b 〉 Maternal allergic history was associated with an increased risk of developing early-onset AD (adjusted odds ratio (aOR) 20.46, 95% confidence interval (CI) 2.73-153.15, p 〈 0.01). Maternal allergic history and attendance at a daycare centre increased the odds of the development of AD between 6 and 12 months (aOR 4.19, 95% CI 1.01-17.45, p = 0.049 and aOR 11.42, 95% CI 1.49-87.50, p = 0.02, respectively). Risk factors associated with increased odds of late-onset AD from 12 months were the consumption of probiotics between the age of 9 and 12 months and antibiotic treatment in the first 6 months of life (aOR 4.32, 95% CI 1.07-17.45, p = 0.04 and aOR 3.11, 95% CI 1.10-8.76, p = 0.03, respectively). Early-onset AD was associated with an increased risk of developing allergic sensitization (aOR 46.51, 95% CI 3.44-628.81, p 〈 0.01). 〈 b 〉 〈 i 〉 Conclusion: 〈 /i 〉 〈 /b 〉 We found that early-onset AD was mainly associated with familial factors, while late-onset AD was associated with the consumption of antibiotics or probiotics. The findings support the concept that different phenotypes of AD exist in young children.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 1018-2438 , 1423-0097
    RVK:
    Language: English
    Publisher: S. Karger AG
    Publication Date: 2015
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 1482722-0
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  • 9
    In: International Archives of Allergy and Immunology, S. Karger AG, Vol. 149, No. 1 ( 2009), p. 25-32
    Abstract: 〈 i 〉 Background: 〈 /i 〉 〈 i 〉 Blomia tropicalis 〈 /i 〉 is an important domestic dust mite in the tropics and subtropics. This study describes cDNA cloning of the group 4 allergen of 〈 i 〉 B. tropicalis 〈 /i 〉 , and the evaluation of the sensitization of this allergen in atopic populations from 2 geographic regions. 〈 i 〉 Methods: 〈 /i 〉 cDNA cloning was carried out using the Smart RACE cDNA amplification kit. The full-length Blo t 4 cDNA was isolated by cDNA library screening, 5′ and 3′ rapid amplification of cDNA ends and long-distance PCR. Sequence analysis was performed with a combination of the Clustal W, CGC and Blast program packages. The cDNA was expressed in 〈 i 〉 Pichia pastoris 〈 /i 〉 yeast. The skin prick test was used to evaluate the sensitization profile of recombinant Blo t 4, crude dust mite allergen extracts and major 〈 i 〉 B. tropicalis 〈 /i 〉 recombinant allergen Blo t 5. 〈 i 〉 Results: 〈 /i 〉 The cloned Blo t 4 had a molecular weight of 56 kDa and had 68% amino acid homology with group 4 allergens of 〈 i 〉 Dermatophagoides pteronyssinus 〈 /i 〉 and 65% with those of 〈 i 〉 Euroglyphus maynei 〈 /i 〉 . A sensitization profile to the expressed recombinant Blo t 4 allergen (28%) showed an unusually higher frequency than to the major allergen Blo t 5 (22%) in allergic subjects from Chengdu, PR China. In comparison, the subjects from Singapore showed very low sensitization to Blo t 4 (4%) compared with Blo t 5 (84%). 〈 i 〉 Conclusions: 〈 /i 〉 Group 4 allergens of 〈 i 〉 B. tropicalis 〈 /i 〉 may be an important dust mite allergen in certain distinct populations.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 1018-2438 , 1423-0097
    RVK:
    Language: English
    Publisher: S. Karger AG
    Publication Date: 2009
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 1482722-0
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  • 10
    In: American Journal of Nephrology, S. Karger AG, Vol. 11, No. 2 ( 1991), p. 98-101
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 1421-9670 , 0250-8095
    Language: English
    Publisher: S. Karger AG
    Publication Date: 1991
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 1468523-1
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