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  • 1
    In: Respiration, S. Karger AG, Vol. 87, No. 4 ( 2014), p. 279-286
    Abstract: 〈 b 〉 〈 i 〉 Background: 〈 /i 〉 〈 /b 〉 Human herpes viruses (HHVs) are important pathogens in acute lung injury (ALI) and acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS). Rapid and efficient diagnostic tools are needed to detect HHVs in the lung in ALI/ARDS patients. 〈 b 〉 〈 i 〉 Objectives: 〈 /i 〉 〈 /b 〉 This study aimed to evaluate the usefulness of multiplex and real-time polymerase chain reaction (PCR) analysis of bronchoalveolar lavage fluid (BALF) for detecting HHV reactivation in ALI/ARDS patients. 〈 b 〉 〈 i 〉 Methods: 〈 /i 〉 〈 /b 〉 Between August 2008 and July 2012, eighty-seven BALF samples were obtained from ALI/ARDS patients with unknown etiology and analyzed for HHVs. The types of HHVs in the BALF samples were determined using qualitative multiplex PCR followed by quantitative real-time PCR. 〈 b 〉 〈 i 〉 Results: 〈 /i 〉 〈 /b 〉 Multiplex PCR identified herpes simplex virus type 1 (HSV-1) (n = 11), Epstein-Barr virus (EBV) (n = 16), cytomegalovirus (CMV) (n = 21), HHV type 6 (HHV-6) (n = 2), and HHV-7 (n = 1) genomic DNA in 35 (40%) of the BALF samples, including 14 (16%) samples containing 2 or 3 HHV types. CMV and EBV reactivation was rare in immunocompetent patients, whereas reactivation of HSV-1 was predominantly observed in intubated patients regardless of their immune status. Overall, HHVs were almost exclusively found in patients with immunosuppression or endotracheal intubation. Real-time PCR detected 0.95-1.59 × 10 〈 sup 〉 6 〈 /sup 〉 copies of viral DNA/μg human genome DNA, and HSV-1 (n = 4), CMV (n = 9), and HHV-6 (n = 1) were identified as potentially pathogenic agents. 〈 b 〉 〈 i 〉 Conclusions: 〈 /i 〉 〈 /b 〉 The implementation of multiplex and real-time PCR of BALF was feasible in ALI/ARDS patients, which allowed efficient detection and quantification of HHV DNA.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 0025-7931 , 1423-0356
    Language: English
    Publisher: S. Karger AG
    Publication Date: 2014
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 1464419-8
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  • 2
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    S. Karger AG ; 1999
    In:  Urologia Internationalis Vol. 62, No. 1 ( 1999), p. 12-16
    In: Urologia Internationalis, S. Karger AG, Vol. 62, No. 1 ( 1999), p. 12-16
    Abstract: 〈 i 〉 Objective: 〈 /i 〉 Anticholinergic drug is widely accepted as an effective medication for frequency, urgency and urge incontinence related to detrusor overactivity (motor urgency). In order to elucidate whether anticholinergic drug is also effective for these symptoms related to bladder hypersensitivity (sensory urgency), clinical efficacy of oxybutynin on sensory urgency was compared with that on motor urgency. 〈 i 〉 Method: 〈 /i 〉 Twenty-four patients with sensory urgency, and 53 patients with motor urgency were treated with oxybutynin (6 mg/day) for 4 weeks and subjective and objective efficacies were evaluated. Subjective parameters were quantified with urge score (grade 0–3) and daily numbers of voiding and incontinence. Objective efficacies were evaluated with pre-/ postcomparison of cystometric parameters. 〈 i 〉 Results: 〈 /i 〉 Excellent or good overall efficacy was obtained in 62.5% (15/24) of the sensory urgency group and 60.4% (32/53) of the motor urgency group. There was no statistical difference between these two groups. Objective cystometric parameters, bladder volume at first sensation and maximum cystometric capacity, statistically improved after the treatment in both groups. 〈 i 〉 Conclucion: 〈 /i 〉 The results suggest that oxybutynin works as well on sensory urgency as it does on motor urgency.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 0042-1138 , 1423-0399
    RVK:
    Language: English
    Publisher: S. Karger AG
    Publication Date: 1999
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 1464417-4
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  • 3
    In: Oncology, S. Karger AG, Vol. 99, No. 10 ( 2021), p. 611-621
    Abstract: 〈 b 〉 〈 i 〉 Background and Aim: 〈 /i 〉 〈 /b 〉 The aim of this study was to identify the utility of 〈 sup 〉 18 〈 /sup 〉 F-fluorodeoxyglucose positron emission tomography/computed tomography ( 〈 sup 〉 18 〈 /sup 〉 F-FDG-PET/CT) as a predictor of overall prognosis in patients with hepatocellular carcinoma treated with lenvatinib. 〈 b 〉 〈 i 〉 Methods: 〈 /i 〉 〈 /b 〉 Forty-eight consecutive patients who received lenvatinib treatment were reviewed. The oncological aggressiveness of tumors estimated using 〈 sup 〉 18 〈 /sup 〉 F-FDG-PET/CT was investigated by the analysis of progression-free survival (PFS), post-progression survival (PPS), and overall survival (OS). Multivariate analysis was used to identify potential confounders for OS during lenvatinib therapy. 〈 b 〉 〈 i 〉 Results: 〈 /i 〉 〈 /b 〉 Using the Modified Response Evaluation Criteria in Solid Tumors, a tumor-to-normal liver ratio (TLR) ≥2, indicating higher oncological aggressiveness in HCCs, was associated with a better objective response to lenvatinib than a TLR & #x3c;2 (78 vs. 62%), resulting in a similar PFS ( 〈 i 〉 p 〈 /i 〉 = 0.751). Because of a significantly worse PPS, OS with a TLR ≥2 was poor compared to a TLR & #x3c; 2 ( 〈 i 〉 p 〈 /i 〉 = 0.012). Multivariate analysis confirmed that a TLR ≥ 2 was associated with poor OS (hazard ratio, 2.709; 95% CI, 1.140–6.436; 〈 i 〉 p 〈 /i 〉 = 0.024). Analysis of 24 patients who received a repeat 〈 sup 〉 18 〈 /sup 〉 F-FDG-PET/CT showed that daily changes expressed as ΔTLR × 10 〈 sup 〉 3 〈 /sup 〉 /day over the treatment course tended to be different among the types of subsequent treatment. A R0 resection and lenvatinib-TACE sequential therapy provided good disease control (median, −4.593 and −0.024, respectively) compared with other treatments (median, 5.278) ( 〈 i 〉 p 〈 /i 〉 = 0.075). 〈 b 〉 〈 i 〉 Conclusion: 〈 /i 〉 〈 /b 〉 Lenvatinib has acceptable disease control regardless of estimated tumor differentiation. A high TLR (≥2) is a poor prognostic factor of OS following lenvatinib treatment, while ΔTLR × 10 〈 sup 〉 3 〈 /sup 〉 /day provides useful information of disease control status.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 0030-2414 , 1423-0232
    RVK:
    Language: English
    Publisher: S. Karger AG
    Publication Date: 2021
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 1483096-6
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 250101-6
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  • 4
    In: Liver Cancer, S. Karger AG, Vol. 9, No. 1 ( 2020), p. 84-92
    Abstract: 〈 b 〉 〈 i 〉 Background and Aims: 〈 /i 〉 〈 /b 〉 This study aimed to identify the utility of 〈 sup 〉 18 〈 /sup 〉 F-fluorodeoxyglucose positron emission tomography/computed tomography ( 〈 sup 〉 18 〈 /sup 〉 F-FDG-PET/CT) as a predictor of the response of hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) to lenvatinib. 〈 b 〉 〈 i 〉 Methods: 〈 /i 〉 〈 /b 〉 We evaluated 28 consecutive patients with HCC diagnosed by dynamic CT or magnetic resonance imaging combined with 〈 sup 〉 18 〈 /sup 〉 F-FDG-PET/CT. The tumor-to-normal liver standardized uptake value ratio (TLR) of the target tumor was measured before treatment using 〈 sup 〉 18 〈 /sup 〉 F-FDG-PET/CT, with a TLR ≥2 classified as a high potential for malignant HCC. The treatment response was evaluated 2 weeks after the initiation of lenvatinib using modified Response Evaluation Criteria in Solid Tumors. 〈 b 〉 〈 i 〉 Results: 〈 /i 〉 〈 /b 〉 Of the 28 patients, 12 (43%) presented with a TLR ≥2. Evaluation of the treatment response at 2 weeks in these 12 patients revealed that 2 (17%) exhibited a complete response, 8 (67%) a partial response, 2 (17%) stable disease, and none with progressive disease. Therefore, 10 of the 12 patients (83%) experienced an objective response to lenvatinib. On the other hand, 7 of the 16 patients with a TLR & #x3c;2 (44%) experienced an objective response. Thus, the objective response rate was higher in patients with a TLR ≥2 than in those with a TLR & #x3c;2. Multivariate logistic regression analysis revealed that a TLR ≥2 (odds ratio 10.53; 〈 i 〉 p 〈 /i 〉 = 0.028) is a useful predictor of an early objective response at 2 weeks. 〈 b 〉 〈 i 〉 Conclusion: 〈 /i 〉 〈 /b 〉 Patients with unresectable HCC showed a good early treatment response to lenvatinib. High TLR (≥2) may be a useful predictor of an extremely rapid treatment response.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 2235-1795 , 1664-5553
    Language: English
    Publisher: S. Karger AG
    Publication Date: 2020
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 2666925-0
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  • 5
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    S. Karger AG ; 2003
    In:  Hormone Research in Paediatrics Vol. 59, No. 1 ( 2003), p. 50-54
    In: Hormone Research in Paediatrics, S. Karger AG, Vol. 59, No. 1 ( 2003), p. 50-54
    Abstract: 〈 i 〉 Objective and Methods: 〈 /i 〉 The effect of thyroid hormone on human growth and maturation is considered ‘permissive’. To evaluate the effect of a prolonged thyroid hormone defect, especially in the pubertal period, a woman with untreated congenital hypothyroidism underwent studies of thyroid function and bone maturation for the first time at age 38 years 10 months and received thyroid hormone replacement. 〈 i 〉 Results: 〈 /i 〉 The karyotype was 45,X/46,XX. Menstruation had occurred for 10 years, from menarche until she was about 31 years old. Epiphyseal closure of the left hand was incomplete. The serum thyroid hormone level was virtually undetectable, and her thyroid gland was not detectable in the normal position by ultrasonography. Her height increased by 3.5 cm in the first 9 months after starting thyroid hormone replacement; after 11 months, closure of the epiphysis was complete. 〈 i 〉 Conclusion: 〈 /i 〉 Thyroid hormone is necessary to achieve bone maturation and epiphyseal closure, but its role is only permissive.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 1663-2818 , 1663-2826
    Language: English
    Publisher: S. Karger AG
    Publication Date: 2003
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 2540224-9
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  • 6
    In: Oncology, S. Karger AG, Vol. 100, No. 6 ( 2022), p. 320-330
    Abstract: 〈 b 〉 〈 i 〉 Background and Aims: 〈 /i 〉 〈 /b 〉 The aim of this study was to identify the utility of 〈 sup 〉 18 〈 /sup 〉 F-fluorodeoxyglucose positron emission tomography/computed tomography ( 〈 sup 〉 18 〈 /sup 〉 F-FDG-PET/CT) as a predictor of early progressive disease (e-PD) in patients with hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) treated with atezolizumab plus bevacizumab (Atezo/Bev). 〈 b 〉 〈 i 〉 Methods: 〈 /i 〉 〈 /b 〉 Twenty consecutive patients with measurable intrahepatic target nodules who received Atezo/Bev treatment were reviewed. The oncological aggressiveness of tumors estimated by 〈 sup 〉 18 〈 /sup 〉 F-FDG-PET/CT was analyzed using the rate of e-PD within 12 weeks and early progression-free survival (e-PFS) and overall survival (OS). Multivariate analysis was used to identify potential confounders for PD during Atezo/Bev therapy. 〈 b 〉 〈 i 〉 Results: 〈 /i 〉 〈 /b 〉 Using the Response Evaluation Criteria in Solid Tumors version 1.1, a tumor-to-normal liver ratio (TLR) ≥2, indicating higher oncological aggressiveness in HCCs, was associated with lower objective response rates compared with TLR values & #x3c;2 (18% vs. 33%, respectively). Moreover, TLR values ≥2 were significantly associated with higher e-PD rates compared with TLR values & #x3c;2 (64% vs. 11%, respectively) and worse e-PFS ( 〈 i 〉 p 〈 /i 〉 = 0.021). In multivariate analysis, TLR ≥2 showed marginal significance as a predictor of e-PD ( 〈 i 〉 p 〈 /i 〉 = 0.053), and utility as a predictor for worse e-PFS (hazard ratio, 7.153; 95% confidence interval, 1.258–40.689; 〈 i 〉 p 〈 /i 〉 = 0.027). In contrast, no significant differences in OS with/without e-PD were observed during the treatment course. In this study, 8 patients experienced e-PD and almost 40% of patients experienced acceptable disease control following subsequent lenvatinib treatment. 〈 b 〉 〈 i 〉 Conclusion: 〈 /i 〉 〈 /b 〉 Pretreatment 〈 sup 〉 18 〈 /sup 〉 F-FDG-PET/CT may be a useful new predictor of e-PD and may enable early decision-making based on early treatment changes following Atezo/Bev treatment of HCC.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 0030-2414 , 1423-0232
    RVK:
    Language: English
    Publisher: S. Karger AG
    Publication Date: 2022
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 1483096-6
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 250101-6
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  • 7
    In: Oncology, S. Karger AG, Vol. 101, No. 2 ( 2023), p. 134-144
    Abstract: 〈 b 〉 〈 i 〉 Introduction: 〈 /i 〉 〈 /b 〉 When lenvatinib is administered to people with hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC), tumor blood flow is reduced due to the inhibition of the vascular endothelial growth factor receptor (VEGFR) and fibroblast growth factor receptor (FGFR). Few studies have examined the decrease in tumor blood flow with respect to changes in tumor blood vessels (TBVs) in clinical practice. We investigated the mechanism of tumor blood flow control by investigating changes in the diameter of relatively large TBVs in large-sized lesions with high blood flow. 〈 b 〉 〈 i 〉 Methods: 〈 /i 〉 〈 /b 〉 From January 2011 to October 2021, patients receiving lenvatinib for unresectable intrahepatic HCC at Toranomon Hospital, Tokyo, Japan, were considered for inclusion. We investigated the TBV diameter in the arterial phase of dynamic computed tomography before treatment and its change over time (2–12 weeks after lenvatinib initiation). The relationship between changes in TBV diameter and prognosis was also examined. 〈 b 〉 〈 i 〉 Results: 〈 /i 〉 〈 /b 〉 Of 114 patients treated with lenvatinib for HCC, 26 patients who had intrahepatic lesions with a tumor diameter of 30 mm or more enrolled in the study. The median tumor and TBV diameters before treatment were 58 mm and 2.55 mm, respectively. Twenty-five patients (96%) had a shrinkage in TBV diameter 2–12 weeks after lenvatinib administration. The maximum TBV diameter shrinkage of 20% or more was observed in 19 patients (73%), and progression-free survival was prolonged in these patients compared to the group with less than 20% TBV diameter shrinkage ( 〈 i 〉 p 〈 /i 〉 = 0.039). 〈 b 〉 〈 i 〉 Discussion/Conclusion: 〈 /i 〉 〈 /b 〉 Due to the antiangiogenic effect of lenvatinib, a shrinkage in the TBV diameter of HCC was observed. The shrinkage of TBV may be regarded as a process of normalization of TBVs. The shrinkage of TBVs in imaging analysis may be associated with improved prognosis; however, additional studies are still required.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 0030-2414 , 1423-0232
    RVK:
    Language: English
    Publisher: S. Karger AG
    Publication Date: 2023
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 1483096-6
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 250101-6
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  • 8
    In: Oncology, S. Karger AG, Vol. 99, No. 3 ( 2021), p. 169-176
    Abstract: 〈 b 〉 〈 i 〉 Background: 〈 /i 〉 〈 /b 〉 The sensitivity of 〈 sup 〉 18 〈 /sup 〉 F-fluorodeoxyglucose positron emission tomography/computed tomography ( 〈 sup 〉 18 〈 /sup 〉 F-FDG-PET/CT) in hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is low; however, clinical evidence demonstrating its prognostic value in patients with HCC has recently been reported. This study aimed to assess the value of 〈 sup 〉 18 〈 /sup 〉 F-FDG-PET/CT as a tool for evaluating the response of HCC to lenvatinib treatment. 〈 b 〉 〈 i 〉 Methods: 〈 /i 〉 〈 /b 〉 We evaluated 11 consecutive patients with HCC diagnosed by dynamic CT or magnetic resonance imaging combined with 〈 sup 〉 18 〈 /sup 〉 F-FDG-PET/CT from April 2018 to December 2019. The tumor-to-normal liver ratio (TLR) of the target tumor was measured before and during the course of lenvatinib treatment with 〈 sup 〉 18 〈 /sup 〉 F-FDG-PET/CT (pre and post analysis, respectively), with a TLR ≥2 classified as PET-positive HCC. At the time of each evaluation, we also used the Response Evaluation Criteria in Solid Tumors (RECIST) 1.1, the modified RECIST (mRECIST), and the tumor marker alfa-fetoprotein (AFP). 〈 b 〉 〈 i 〉 Results: 〈 /i 〉 〈 /b 〉 Of 11 patients, 3 (27%) and 8 (73%) had an objective response to lenvatinib treatment at the time of post-analysis by RECIST 1.1 and mRECIST, respectively. There were 3 (27%) and 7 (64%) patients with PET-positive HCC at the time of pre- and post-analysis, respectively. There was a significant correlation between the rates of change in AFP and TLR during lenvatinib treatment ( 〈 i 〉 r 〈 /i 〉 = 0.69, 〈 i 〉 p 〈 /i 〉 = 0.019). Based on these results, we were able to perform liver resection on 4 patients with PET-positive HCC as conversion therapy. Three samples from these patients showed poorly differentiated tumors. 〈 b 〉 〈 i 〉 Conclusion: 〈 /i 〉 〈 /b 〉 〈 sup 〉 18 〈 /sup 〉 F-FDG-PET/CT has potential as an evaluation tool for describing biological tumor behavior and reflecting disease progression, location, and treatment response. This modality may provide useful information for considering prognosis and subsequent therapy.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 0030-2414 , 1423-0232
    RVK:
    Language: English
    Publisher: S. Karger AG
    Publication Date: 2021
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 1483096-6
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 250101-6
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  • 9
    In: Neuropsychobiology, S. Karger AG, Vol. 62, No. 1 ( 2010), p. 72-78
    Abstract: For more than half a decade, lithium has been successfully used to treat bipolar disorder. Worldwide, it is considered the first-line mood stabilizer. Apart from its proven antimanic and prophylactic effects, considerable evidence also suggests an antisuicidal effect in affective disorders. Lithium is also effectively used to augment antidepressant drugs in the treatment of refractory major depressive episodes and prevent relapses in recurrent unipolar depression. In contrast to many psychiatric drugs, lithium has outlasted various pharmacotherapeutic ‘fashions’, and remains an indispensable element in contemporary psychopharmacology. Nevertheless, data from pharmacogenetic studies of lithium are comparatively sparse, and these studies are generally characterized by small sample sizes and varying definitions of response. Here, we present an international effort to elucidate the genetic underpinnings of lithium response in bipolar disorder. Following an initiative by the International Group for the Study of Lithium-Treated Patients (www.IGSLI.org) and the Unit on the Genetic Basis of Mood and Anxiety Disorders at the National Institute of Mental Health,lithium researchers from around the world have formed the Consortium on Lithium Genetics (www.ConLiGen.org) to establish the largest sample to date for genome-wide studies of lithium response in bipolar disorder, currently comprising more than 1,200 patients characterized for response to lithium treatment. A stringent phenotype definition of response is one of the hallmarks of this collaboration. ConLiGen invites all lithium researchers to join its efforts.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 0302-282X , 1423-0224
    Language: English
    Publisher: S. Karger AG
    Publication Date: 2010
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 1483094-2
    SSG: 5,2
    SSG: 15,3
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  • 10
    In: Nephron, S. Karger AG, Vol. 76, No. 3 ( 1997), p. 331-336
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 1423-0186 , 0028-2766
    Language: English
    Publisher: S. Karger AG
    Publication Date: 1997
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 2098337-2
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 2098336-0
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 2098340-2
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 1464421-6
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