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  • 1
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    Online Resource
    Association between Blood Pressure and Cognitive Function in a Biracial Community Population of Older Persons
    S. Karger AG ; 2002
    In:  Neuroepidemiology Vol. 21, No. 3 ( 2002), p. 123-130
    Details
    In: Neuroepidemiology, S. Karger AG, Vol. 21, No. 3 ( 2002), p. 123-130
    Abstract: We examined whether or not blood pressure is related to cognitive function in a cross-sectional study of a biracial community of 5,816 persons aged 65 years and older. Blood pressure had a curvilinear association with cognitive performance in linear regression models adjusted for age, sex, race and education. Scores were lower by 2–5 percentiles at 100 mm Hg systolic pressure compared to scores at the mean of 140 mm Hg and lower by 〈 1 percentile at 180 mm Hg. For diastolic pressure, scores were lower by 2–3 percentiles at 60 mm Hg and by 1–2 percentiles at 100 mm Hg compared to scores at the mean (77 mm Hg). The differences in the scores with low blood pressure were reduced with further adjustment for body mass index, self-perceived health status, depressive symptoms, alcohol use and smoking. The curvilinear associations were stronger among persons with histories of stroke, myocardial infarction and hypertension. The cross-sectional association between blood pressure and cognitive functions is small and curvilinear and more apparent in persons with cardiovascular conditions.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 0251-5350 , 1423-0208
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.1159/000054809
    Language: English
    Publisher: S. Karger AG
    Publication Date: 2002
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 1483032-2
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  • 2
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    The Relation of Cigarette Smoking to Incident Alzheimer’s Disease in a Biracial Urban Community Population
    S. Karger AG ; 2006
    In:  Neuroepidemiology Vol. 26, No. 3 ( 2006), p. 140-146
    Details
    In: Neuroepidemiology, S. Karger AG, Vol. 26, No. 3 ( 2006), p. 140-146
    Abstract: The relationship between smoking status and incident Alzheimer’s disease (AD) was investigated in a random stratified sample of a biracial community in Chicago. Analyses are based on 1,064 persons (of 1,134 evaluated) who had data on smoking status, disease incidence, and key covariates such as apolipoprotein allele status. During a mean of about 4 years of follow-up, 170 persons met criteria for incident AD. Current smoking was associated with increased risk of incident AD (OR = 3.4, 95% CI = 1.4–8.0) compared to persons who never smoked. There was no apparent increase in risk of AD for former smokers compared to persons who never smoked (OR = 0.9, 95% CI = 0.5–1.7). Apolipoprotein E allele status modified this association in that former smokers with a υ4 allele were less likely to develop AD (p = 0.04) than those who never smoked. Former smokers also appeared to have a reduced risk of developing AD as their pack-years of smoking increased (p = 0.02)such that the odds of developing AD increased by 50% for every 10 years of smoking cessation (OR = 1.3, CI = 0.9–1.7). The results suggest that older people who currently smoke are more likely to develop AD compared to those who never smoked; the relation between those who used to smoke but quit and the risk of AD is complex and requires further research.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 0251-5350 , 1423-0208
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.1159/000091654
    Language: English
    Publisher: S. Karger AG
    Publication Date: 2006
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 1483032-2
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  • 3
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Early Life Socioeconomic Status and Late Life Risk of Alzheimer’s Disease
    S. Karger AG ; 2005
    In:  Neuroepidemiology Vol. 25, No. 1 ( 2005), p. 8-14
    Details
    In: Neuroepidemiology, S. Karger AG, Vol. 25, No. 1 ( 2005), p. 8-14
    Abstract: The authors examined the relation of early life socioeconomic status to incident Alzheimer’s disease (AD), level of cognition and rate of cognitive decline in old age. For up to 10 years, 859 older Catholic clergy members without dementia at baseline completed annual clinical evaluations as part of the Religious Orders Study. The evaluations included clinical classification of AD and detailed cognitive testing. At baseline, indicators of early life household socioeconomic level (e.g., parental education) and the county of birth were ascertained. Socioeconomic features of the birth county (e.g., literacy rate) were estimated with data from the 1920 US Census. Composite measures of early life household and community socioeconomic level were developed. In analyses that controlled for age, sex and education, higher household and community socioeconomic levels in early life were associated with higher level of cognition in late life but not with risk of AD or rate of cognitive decline. The results suggest that early life socioeconomic level is related to level of cognition in late life but not to rate of cognitive decline or risk of AD.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 0251-5350 , 1423-0208
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.1159/000085307
    Language: English
    Publisher: S. Karger AG
    Publication Date: 2005
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 1483032-2
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  • 4
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    Online Resource
    Anti-Inflammatory Agents and Cognitive Decline in a Bi-Racial Population
    S. Karger AG ; 2008
    In:  Neuroepidemiology Vol. 30, No. 1 ( 2008), p. 45-50
    Details
    In: Neuroepidemiology, S. Karger AG, Vol. 30, No. 1 ( 2008), p. 45-50
    Abstract: In a prospective study among 4,409 subjects aged 65+ years, we assessed the relation of nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory agents (NSAIDs) to cognition. The main outcome was decline in global cognitive function, determined by average performance across four cognitive tests, over up to four interviews. We found similar rates of cognitive decline among recent users of aspirin and of other NSAIDs (largely ibuprofen) compared to those who did not use these NSAIDs. For lifetime duration of aspirin use, we failed to find an association with cognitive decline. However, for other NSAIDs, increasing duration of lifetime use was related to slower rates of cognitive decline, relative to no use of other NSAIDs (5+ years vs. no use: mean difference = 0.12; p trend = 0.03). Overall, we found no relation between regular aspirin use and cognitive decline, but long-term use of ibuprofen may be related to decreased rates of cognitive decline in older persons.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 0251-5350 , 1423-0208
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.1159/000115749
    Language: English
    Publisher: S. Karger AG
    Publication Date: 2008
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  • 5
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    Online Resource
    Change in Cognitive Function in Alzheimer’s Disease in African-American and White Persons
    S. Karger AG ; 2006
    In:  Neuroepidemiology Vol. 26, No. 1 ( 2006), p. 16-22
    Details
    In: Neuroepidemiology, S. Karger AG, Vol. 26, No. 1 ( 2006), p. 16-22
    Abstract: Few studies have examined the association of race with change in cognitive function in Alzheimer’s disease (AD). We studied the rate of decline in global and specific measures of cognitive function in a cohort of 410 older African-Americans and whites with clinically diagnosed AD. Persons were examined annually for an average of 3.5 years, and follow-up participation among survivors exceeded 90%. In mixed-effects models that controlled for age, gender, education, and premorbid reading activity, African-Americans scored lower than whites at baseline on a composite measure of global cognition and on specific measures of visuoconstruction and naming. However, they experienced less rapid decline in episodic memory (p 〈 0.01), with similar but not quite significant effects for global cognition (p = 0.06), perceptual speed (p = 0.07) and naming (p = 0.08). The results suggest that the rate of cognitive decline in AD is slower in African-Americans compared with whites, particularly for episodic memory.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 0251-5350 , 1423-0208
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.1159/000089231
    Language: English
    Publisher: S. Karger AG
    Publication Date: 2006
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 1483032-2
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  • 6
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Relation of Blood Pressure to Risk of Incident Alzheimer’s Disease and Change in Global Cognitive Function in Older Persons
    S. Karger AG ; 2006
    In:  Neuroepidemiology Vol. 26, No. 1 ( 2006), p. 30-36
    Details
    In: Neuroepidemiology, S. Karger AG, Vol. 26, No. 1 ( 2006), p. 30-36
    Abstract: 〈 i 〉 Purpose: 〈 /i 〉 To examine the relation of systolic and diastolic blood pressure to incident Alzheimer’s disease (AD) and rate of cognitive change. 〈 i 〉 Methods: 〈 /i 〉 Longitudinal cohort study with annual clinical evaluations. At baseline, blood pressure was measured, apolipoprotein E (APOE) genotyping was performed, and medications were reviewed. 〈 i 〉 Results: 〈 /i 〉 824 older Catholic clergy members without baseline dementia were recruited from across the United States. During a mean of about 6 years of observation, 151 persons developed AD. In a proportional hazards model adjusted for age, sex and education, neither systolic (relative risk = 0.995; 95% CI: 0.986, 1.004, p = 0.249) nor diastolic (relative risk = 1.000; 95% CI: 0.985, 1.015, p = 0.975) blood pressure was related to AD incidence. In mixed effects models, neither systolic nor diastolic blood pressure was related to level or to annual rate of change on a global measure of cognition. These results did not change in subsequent models that accounted for the use of medications with antihypertensive properties or for the possession of an APOE ε4 allele. 〈 i 〉 Conclusions: 〈 /i 〉 In a cohort of older persons with a majority taking medications with antihypertensive properties, we did not find a relationship between blood pressure and risk of AD or cognitive decline.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 0251-5350 , 1423-0208
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.1159/000089235
    Language: English
    Publisher: S. Karger AG
    Publication Date: 2006
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 1483032-2
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  • 7
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Prevalence of Self-Neglect across Gender, Race, and Socioeconomic Status: Findings from the Chicago Health and Aging Project
    S. Karger AG ; 2012
    In:  Gerontology Vol. 58, No. 3 ( 2012), p. 258-268
    Details
    In: Gerontology, S. Karger AG, Vol. 58, No. 3 ( 2012), p. 258-268
    Abstract: 〈 b 〉 〈 i 〉 Background: 〈 /i 〉 〈 /b 〉 Self-neglect is the behavior of an elderly person that threatens his/her own health and safety, and it is associated with increased morbidity and mortality. However, the scope of the self-neglect in the community population remains unclear. We examined the prevalence of self-neglect and its specific behaviors of hoarding, hygiene and other environmental hazards in a community-dwelling elderly population. 〈 b 〉 〈 i 〉 Methods: 〈 /i 〉 〈 /b 〉 A population-based cohort study conducted from 2007 to 2010 in a single cycle in a geographically defined community of 4 adjacent neighborhoods in Chicago, Ill., USA. Participant’s personal and home environment was rated on hoarding, personal hygiene, house in need of repair, unsanitary conditions, and inadequate utility. Prevalence estimates were presented across gender, race/ethnicity, education and income levels. 〈 b 〉 〈 i 〉 Results: 〈 /i 〉 〈 /b 〉 There were 4,627 older adults in the cohort. The prevalence of self-neglect and specific personal and environmental hazards varied significantly by race/ethnicity and by levels of education and income. For race/ethnicity, black older adults (men 13.2%; women 10.9%) had a significantly higher prevalence of self-neglect than white older adults (men 2.4%; women 2.6%). For those with less than high school education, the prevalence of the self-neglect was 14.7% in men and 10.9% in women. For those with an annual income of less than USD 15,000, the prevalence of self-neglect was 21.7% in men and 15.3% in women. 〈 b 〉 〈 i 〉 Conclusion: 〈 /i 〉 〈 /b 〉 The prevalence of self-neglect and specific behaviors of hoarding, poor hygiene, and other environmental hazards are higher among black older adults and among those with lower levels of education and income.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 0304-324X , 1423-0003
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.1159/000334256
    Language: English
    Publisher: S. Karger AG
    Publication Date: 2012
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 1482689-6
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  • 8
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    Online Resource
    Characteristics of MR Infarcts Associated with Dementia and Cognitive Function in the Elderly
    S. Karger AG ; 2012
    In:  Neuroepidemiology Vol. 38, No. 1 ( 2012), p. 41-47
    Details
    In: Neuroepidemiology, S. Karger AG, Vol. 38, No. 1 ( 2012), p. 41-47
    Abstract: 〈 i 〉 Background: 〈 /i 〉 Little information exists on the simultaneous effects of magnetic resonance (MR) infarct characteristics, that may increase the likelihood of dementia or lower cognitive function in community populations. 〈 i 〉 Methods: 〈 /i 〉 Participants were 580 community-dwelling individuals from the Chicago Health and Aging Project (CHAP) who underwent detailed clinical evaluation and MR imaging. The association of MR infarct characteristics (region, number, side, and size) with dementia, global cognition and cognition in five separate cognitive domains was examined using logistic and linear regression analyses controlling for age, sex, race, education and time elapsed between clinical evaluation and MRI. 〈 i 〉 Results: 〈 /i 〉 A total of 156 persons had MR infarcts: 108 with 1 infarct and 48 with multiple. Poorer cognitive function and, in particular, slower perceptual speed, were associated with infarcts characterized as cortical, multiple, bilateral or large (all p 〈 0.05). Multiple infarcts in multiple regions were associated with poor performance in all cognitive domains except visuospatial ability (p 〈 0.05). Race did not modify any of these associations. 〈 i 〉 Conclusions: 〈 /i 〉 In this community sample, cortical and multiple infarcts in multiple regions were associated with dementia; cortical, multiple, large and bilateral infarcts were associated with lower cognition, particularly lower memory function and perceptual speed. These effects were not modified by race.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 0251-5350 , 1423-0208
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.1159/000334438
    Language: English
    Publisher: S. Karger AG
    Publication Date: 2012
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 1483032-2
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  • 9
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Association of Cognitive Function and Risk for Elder Abuse in a Community-Dwelling Population
    S. Karger AG ; 2011
    In:  Dementia and Geriatric Cognitive Disorders Vol. 32, No. 3 ( 2011), p. 209-215
    Details
    In: Dementia and Geriatric Cognitive Disorders, S. Karger AG, Vol. 32, No. 3 ( 2011), p. 209-215
    Abstract: 〈 i 〉 Aim: 〈 /i 〉 This study aimed to examine the cross-sectional association between cognitive function and elder abuse. 〈 i 〉 Methods: 〈 /i 〉 The Chicago Health and Aging Project (CHAP) is a population-based study conducted in a geographically defined community (n = 8,932). We identified 238 CHAP participants who had elder abuse reported to a social services agency. Cognitive function was assessed using the Mini-Mental State Examination (MMSE), the Symbol Digit Modalities Test (perceptual speed), and both immediate and delayed recall of the East Boston Memory Test (episodic memory). An index of global cognitive function scores was derived by averaging the z-scores of all tests. Logistic regression models were used to assess the association of cognitive function domains and risk of elder abuse. 〈 i 〉 Results: 〈 /i 〉 After adjusting for confounders, lowest tertiles of global cognition (odd’s ratio, OR 4.18, 95% confidence interval, 95% CI 2.44–7.15), MMSE (OR 2.97, 95% CI 1.93–4.57), episodic memory (OR 2.27, 95% CI 1.49–3.43) and perceptual speed (OR 2.37, 95% CI 1.51–3.73) were associated with increased risk of elder abuse. The lowest levels of global cognitive function were associated with an increased risk of physical abuse (OR 3.56, 95% CI 1.08–11.67), emotional abuse (OR 3.02, 95% CI 1.41–6.44), caregiver neglect (OR 6.24, 95% CI 2.68–14.54), and financial exploitation (OR 3.71, 95% CI 1.88–7.32). 〈 i 〉 Conclusion: 〈 /i 〉 Lower levels of global cognitive function, MMSE, episodic memory and perceptual speed are associated with an increased risk of elder abuse.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 1420-8008 , 1421-9824
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.1159/000334047
    Language: English
    Publisher: S. Karger AG
    Publication Date: 2011
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 1482186-2
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  • 10
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    Online Resource
    Fourth Report on Chicken Genes and Chromosomes 2022
    S. Karger AG ; 2022
    In:  Cytogenetic and Genome Research Vol. 162, No. 8-9 ( 2022), p. 405-528
    Details
    In: Cytogenetic and Genome Research, S. Karger AG, Vol. 162, No. 8-9 ( 2022), p. 405-528
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 1424-8581 , 1424-859X
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.1159/000529376
    Language: English
    Publisher: S. Karger AG
    Publication Date: 2022
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 2061918-2
    SSG: 12
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