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  • 1
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    Behavioral adjustments of a pipefish to bacterial Vibrio challenge (2012)
    Springer
    In:  Behavioral Ecology and Sociobiology, 66 (10). pp. 1399-1405.
    Details
    Publication Date: 2019-09-23
    Description: Animals can profit from increasing temperatures by prolonged breeding seasons and faster growth rates. However, these fitness benefits are traded off against higher parasite load and increased virulence of temperature-sensitive pathogens. In thermally stratified habitats, behavioral plasticity can allow hosts to choose the optimal temperature to enhance individual fitness and to escape parasite pressure. To test this idea, we performed a temperature choice experiment with the host-parasite system of the sex-role reversed broad-nosed pipefish (Syngnathus typhle) and its bacterial pathogen Vibrio spp. In this species, pregnant males are expected to face a trade-off between shortening their brooding period in warm water and decreasing the effect of the infection in cold water. We found that exposure to Vibrio changed the temperature preference for both pregnant and nonpregnant males, as well as females compared to nonchallenged fish that tended to prefer warm water. This study shows that behavioral plasticity is one option for avoidance of higher bacterial prevalence, as expected due to rising ocean temperatures.
    Type: Article , PeerReviewed
    Format: text
    DOI: 10.1007/s00265-012-1395-3
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    OceanRep: Article in a Scientific Journal - peer-reviewed
  • 2
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    Specific immune priming in the invasive ctenophore Mnemiopsis leidyi (2013)
    Royal Society London
    In:  Biology Letters, 9 (6). 20130864 .
    Details
    Publication Date: 2019-09-24
    Description: Specific immune priming enables an induced immune response upon repeated pathogen encounter. As a functional analogue to vertebrate immune memory, such adaptive plasticity has been described, for instance, in insects and crustaceans. However, towards the base of the metazoan tree our knowledge about the existence of specific immune priming becomes scattered. Here, we exposed the invasive ctenophore Mnemiopsis leidyi repeatedly to two different bacterial epitopes (Gram-positive or -negative) and measured gene expression. Ctenophores experienced either the same bacterial epitope twice (homologous treatments) or different bacterial epitopes (heterologous treatments). Our results demonstrate that immune gene expression depends on earlier bacterial exposure. We detected significantly different expression upon heterologous compared with homologous bacterial treatment at three immune activator and effector genes. This is the first experimental evidence for specific immune priming in Ctenophora and generally in non-bilaterian animals, hereby adding to our growing notion of plasticity in innate immune systems across all animal phyla.
    Type: Article , PeerReviewed
    Format: text
    Format: text
    DOI: 10.1098/rsbl.2013.0864
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    OceanRep: Article in a Scientific Journal - peer-reviewed
  • 3
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    Absence of major histocompatibility complex class II mediated immunity in pipefish, Syngnathus typhle: evidence from deep transcriptome sequencing (2013)
    Royal Society London
    In:  Biology Letters, 9 (2). p. 20130044.
    Details
    Publication Date: 2019-09-23
    Description: The major histocompatibility complex (MHC)-mediated adaptive immune system is the hallmark of gnathostome immune defence. Recent work suggests that cod-like fishes (Gadidae) lack important components of the MHC class II mediated immunity. Here, we report a putative independent loss of functionality of this pathway in another species, the pipefish Syngnathus typhle, that belongs to a distantly related fish family (Syngnathidae). In a deep transcriptome sequencing approach comprising several independent normalized and non-normalized expressed sequence tag (EST) libraries with approximately 7.5 × 108 reads, sequenced with two next generation platforms (454 and Illumina), we were unable to identify MHC class IIα/β genes as well as genes encoding associated receptors. Along with the recent findings in cod, our results suggest that immune systems of the Euteleosts may be more variable than previously assumed.
    Type: Article , PeerReviewed
    Format: text
    Format: text
    DOI: 10.1098/rsbl.2013.0044
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    OceanRep: Article in a Scientific Journal - peer-reviewed
  • 4
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    Female pipefish can detect the immune status of their mates (2015)
    Springer
    In:  Behavioral Ecology and Sociobiology, 69 (12). pp. 1917-1923.
    Details
    Publication Date: 2017-04-11
    Description: Given the ubiquity of the parasites and their important fitness consequences on mate and offspring condition, selection for the ability to distinguish healthy from parasitized potential mates is a key process to enhance Darwinian fitness. In this study, we experimentally evaluated how the immunological experience of two potential partners influences mate choice, using the sex-role-reversed pipefish Syngnathus typhle. We exposed S. typhle to immune challenges with heat-killed Vibrio bacteria and investigated whether the activation of the immune system determined mate preferences. Our results demonstrate that the immune status of the potential partners influenced female mate preference, such that females that were exposed to an immune challenge became choosy and favored unchallenged males. Males, however, did not show any preferences for female immune status. In this context, we discuss mate choice decisions and behavioral plasticity as a complex result of immune challenge, severity of infection, as well as trans-generational effects.
    Type: Article , PeerReviewed
    Format: text
    DOI: 10.1007/s00265-015-2004-z
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    OceanRep: Article in a Scientific Journal - peer-reviewed
  • 5
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    A summer heat wave decreases the immunocompetence of the mesograzer, Idotea baltica (2010)
    Springer
    In:  Marine Biology, 157 (7). pp. 1605-1611.
    Details
    Publication Date: 2018-06-08
    Description: Extreme events associated with global change will impose increasing stress on coastal organisms. How strong biological interactions such as the host–parasite arms-race are modulated by environmental change is largely unknown. The immune system of invertebrates, in particular phagocytosis and phenoloxidase activity response are key defence mechanisms against parasites, yet they may be sensitive to environmental perturbations. We here simulated an extreme event that mimicked the European heat wave in 2003 to investigate the effect of environmental change on the immunocompetence of the mesograzer Idotea baltica. Unlike earlier studies, our experiment aimed at simulation of the natural situation as closely as possible by using long acclimation, a slow increase in temperature and a natural community setting including the animals’ providence with natural food sources (Zostera marina and Fucus vesiculosus). Our results demonstrate that a simulated heat wave results in decreased immunocompetence of the mesograzer Idotea baltica, in particular a drop of phagocytosis by 50%. This suggests that global change has the potential to significantly affect host–parasite interactions.
    Type: Article , PeerReviewed
    Format: text
    DOI: 10.1007/s00227-010-1433-5
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    OceanRep: Article in a Scientific Journal - peer-reviewed
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