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  • 1
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Psychiatric Illness in First-Degree Relatives of Patients with Paranoid Psychosis, Schizophrenia and Medical Illness
    Royal College of Psychiatrists ; 1985
    In:  British Journal of Psychiatry Vol. 147, No. 5 ( 1985-11), p. 524-531
    Details
    In: British Journal of Psychiatry, Royal College of Psychiatrists, Vol. 147, No. 5 ( 1985-11), p. 524-531
    Abstract: This study examines the respective morbid risk for psychiatric illness determined by the family history method in the first-degree relatives of medical controls and patients with delusional disorder (paranoid psychosis) and schizophrenia. The morbid risk for schizophrenia and schizoid-schizotypal personality disorder was significantly greater in the relatives of the schizophrenic patients than in those of the delusional disorder or medical control patients, but no difference in the risk for affective illness or alcoholism was found in the three groups of relatives. Paranoid personality disorder was significantly more common in the relatives of the delusional disorder patients than in those of the medical controls. These results support the familial independence of delusional disorder and schizophrenia.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 0007-1250 , 1472-1465
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.1192/bjp.147.5.524
    RVK:
    XA 10000
    Language: English
    Publisher: Royal College of Psychiatrists
    Publication Date: 1985
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 2021500-9
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  • 2
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Criminal offending and the family environment: Swedish national high-risk home-reared and adopted-away co-sibling control study
    Royal College of Psychiatrists ; 2016
    In:  British Journal of Psychiatry Vol. 209, No. 4 ( 2016-10), p. 294-299
    Details
    In: British Journal of Psychiatry, Royal College of Psychiatrists, Vol. 209, No. 4 ( 2016-10), p. 294-299
    Abstract: Criminal offending is strongly transmitted across generations. Aims To clarify the contribution of rearing environment to cross-generational transmission of crime. Method Using Swedish national registries, we identified 1176 full-sibling and 3085 half-sibling sets from high-risk families where at least one sibling was adopted and the other raised by the biological parents. Results Risk for criminal conviction was substantially lower in the full- and half-siblings who were adopted v. home-reared (hazard ratios (HR) = 0.56, 95% CI 0.50–0.64 and 0.60, 95% CI 0.56–0.65, respectively). The protective effect of adoption was significantly stronger in sibships with two v. one high-risk parent. Conclusions Using matched high-risk full- and half-siblings, we found replicated evidence that (a) rearing environment has a strong impact on risk for criminal conviction, (b) high-quality rearing environments have especially strong effects in those at high familial risk for criminal offending and (c) the protective effects of adoption are stronger for more severe crimes and for repeated offending.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 0007-1250 , 1472-1465
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.1192/bjp.bp.114.159558
    RVK:
    XA 10000
    Language: English
    Publisher: Royal College of Psychiatrists
    Publication Date: 2016
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  • 3
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    A Twin study of Individuals with both Schizophrenia and Alcoholism
    Royal College of Psychiatrists ; 1985
    In:  British Journal of Psychiatry Vol. 147, No. 1 ( 1985-07), p. 48-53
    Details
    In: British Journal of Psychiatry, Royal College of Psychiatrists, Vol. 147, No. 1 ( 1985-07), p. 48-53
    Abstract: Substantial evidence suggests that genetic factors contribute to the aetiology of both schizophrenia and alcoholism, when they occur alone. To examine the role of genetic factors in schizophrenia and alcoholism when they occur together in the same individual, the frequency of both conditions was investigated in the co-twins of 34 monozygotic (MZ) and 47 dizygotic (DZ) index twins with a diagnosis of both schizophrenia and alcoholism. Both disorders alone were significantly more common in the MZ than in the DZ co-twins, suggesting that individuals suffering from schizophrenia and alcoholism have a genetic predisposition to both disorders, which is of the same nature as that which causes the two when they occur alone. In the co-twins of the MZ index twins, the diagnoses of schizophrenia and alcoholism were uncorrelated, indicating that the specific environmental factors of causal importance in the two disorders are not closely related.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 0007-1250 , 1472-1465
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.1192/bjp.147.1.48
    RVK:
    XA 10000
    Language: English
    Publisher: Royal College of Psychiatrists
    Publication Date: 1985
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  • 4
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Identical Twins Concordant for the Progression of Affective Illness to Schizophrenia
    Royal College of Psychiatrists ; 1982
    In:  British Journal of Psychiatry Vol. 141, No. 6 ( 1982-12), p. 563-566
    Details
    In: British Journal of Psychiatry, Royal College of Psychiatrists, Vol. 141, No. 6 ( 1982-12), p. 563-566
    Abstract: A pair of identical twins for whom long-term follow-up information was available progressed concordantly from typical ‘affective illness' to process schizophrenia. We discuss a possible genetic basis for a certain form of schizophrenia which may present typical affective features in the initial phase of process schizophrenia.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 0007-1250 , 1472-1465
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.1192/bjp.141.6.563
    RVK:
    XA 10000
    Language: English
    Publisher: Royal College of Psychiatrists
    Publication Date: 1982
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  • 5
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    The Season of Birth of Schizophrenic, Neurotic and Psychiatrically Normal Twins
    Royal College of Psychiatrists ; 1982
    In:  British Journal of Psychiatry Vol. 141, No. 2 ( 1982-08), p. 186-190
    Details
    In: British Journal of Psychiatry, Royal College of Psychiatrists, Vol. 141, No. 2 ( 1982-08), p. 186-190
    Abstract: The quarter of birth of 536 schizophrenic, 1,991 neurotic and 12,085 psychiatrically normal twin pairs from the National Academy of Sciences-National Research Council Twin Registry was compared. When either all twin pairs, or only monozygotic or dizygotic twin pairs, were considered, no significant differences were found in the quarter of birth between the 3 groups. No difference in quarter of birth was found for twin pairs concordant versus discordant for schizophrenia. Despite the increased risk for intrauterine and perinatal complications in twin births, schizophrenic twins appear (at least) to be no more vulnerable than schizophrenic singletons to the seasonal gestation and birth-related insults which probably underlie the seasonality in schizophrenic births. Controlling for season of birth probably has little effect on the results of twin studies of schizophrenia.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 0007-1250 , 1472-1465
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.1192/bjp.141.2.186
    RVK:
    XA 10000
    Language: English
    Publisher: Royal College of Psychiatrists
    Publication Date: 1982
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  • 6
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    The Clinical Characteristics of Major Depression as Indices of the Familial Risk to Illness
    Royal College of Psychiatrists ; 1994
    In:  British Journal of Psychiatry Vol. 165, No. 1 ( 1994-07), p. 66-72
    Details
    In: British Journal of Psychiatry, Royal College of Psychiatrists, Vol. 165, No. 1 ( 1994-07), p. 66-72
    Abstract: From both a clinical and an aetiological perspective, major depression (MD) is probably a heterogeneous condition. We attempt to relate these two domains. Method We examined which of an extensive series of clinical characteristics in 646 female twins from a population-based register with a lifetime diagnosis of MD predicts the risk for MD in co-twins. MD was defined by DSM–III–R criteria. Results Four variables uniquely predicted an increased risk for MD in the co-twin: number of episodes, degree of impairment and co-morbidity with panic disorder or bulimia. One variable uniquely predicted decreased risk: co-morbidity with phobia. Variables that did not uniquely predict risk of MD in the co-twin included age at onset, number and kind of depressive symptoms, treatment seeking, duration of the longest episode and co-morbidity with generalised anxiety disorder and alcohol dependence. Conclusions Our results suggest that the clinical features of MD can be meaningfully related to the familial vulnerability to illness, particularly with respect to recurrence, impairment and patterns of co-morbidity.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 0007-1250 , 1472-1465
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.1192/bjp.165.1.66
    RVK:
    XA 10000
    Language: English
    Publisher: Royal College of Psychiatrists
    Publication Date: 1994
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  • 7
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Typology of common psychiatric syndromes : An empirical study
    Royal College of Psychiatrists ; 1998
    In:  British Journal of Psychiatry Vol. 173, No. 4 ( 1998-10), p. 312-319
    Details
    In: British Journal of Psychiatry, Royal College of Psychiatrists, Vol. 173, No. 4 ( 1998-10), p. 312-319
    Abstract: Diagnostic comorbidity is prevalent in psychiatry and may be inadequately captured by the DSM-III/III-R nosology. Methods The lifetime presence of 11 psychiatric diagnoses was determined by structured personal interviews of a population-based sample of 1898 female twins. We used latent class analysis to derive an empirical typology. Results Six classes provided the best fit to the data. Their mnemonics were: minimal disorder (60% of the sample), major depression -generalised anxiety disorder (19%), alcohol–nicotine (7%), highly comorbid major depression (5%) and eating disorders (3%). The validity of this typology was strongly supported by demographic, health, personality and attitudinal validators along with the significant monozygotic twin concordance for class membership. The typology superficially resembled DSM-III-R, but contained many differences. Major depression appeared in three forms (alone, with generalised anxiety disorder and with considerable comorbidity). Alcoholism-nicotine dependence and the various anxiety disorders formed discrete classes, but were also prominent in other classes. Bulimia and anorexia were exceptional in their appearance in a single class. Conclusions The DSM-III-R and closely related DSM-IV nosology did not capture the natural tendency of these disorders to co-occur. Fundamental assumptions of the dominant diagnostic schemata may be incorrect.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 0007-1250 , 1472-1465
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.1192/bjp.173.4.312
    RVK:
    XA 10000
    Language: English
    Publisher: Royal College of Psychiatrists
    Publication Date: 1998
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  • 8
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Genetic epidemiology of binging and vomiting
    Royal College of Psychiatrists ; 1998
    In:  British Journal of Psychiatry Vol. 173, No. 1 ( 1998-07), p. 75-79
    Details
    In: British Journal of Psychiatry, Royal College of Psychiatrists, Vol. 173, No. 1 ( 1998-07), p. 75-79
    Abstract: Bulimia nervosa is typically defined as the combination of the behaviours of binging and vomiting. We sought to clarify the relationship of these behaviours from a genetic epidemiological perspective. Method Using data on the lifetime history of binging and vomiting from a personally interviewed population-based sample of female twins ( n = 1897), we applied bivariate twin modelling to estimate the sources of variation for these traits. Results The association between having ever binged (23.6%) and having ever induced vomiting (4.8%) was very strong (odds ratio=8.78, P 〈 0.0001). The best-fitting model indicated that lifetime binging and vomiting were both heritable (46% and 72%) and influenced by individual-specific environmental factors (54% and 28%). The overlap between the genetic (r a = 0.74) and individual-specific environmental factors (r e = 0.48) for the two traits was substantial. No violations of the equal environment assumption were evident. Conclusions Including binging and vomiting under the rubric of bulimia nervosa appears to be appropriate. Our data are consistent with the identification of binging and vomiting as complex traits resulting from the interplay of multiple genes and individual-specific environmental influences. In contrast to ‘environmentalist’ theories, our results suggest that genetic influences may be of particular relevance to the aetiology of binging and vomiting.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 0007-1250 , 1472-1465
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.1192/bjp.173.1.75
    RVK:
    XA 10000
    Language: English
    Publisher: Royal College of Psychiatrists
    Publication Date: 1998
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  • 9
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Intrauterine testosterone exposure and risk for disordered eating
    Royal College of Psychiatrists ; 2009
    In:  British Journal of Psychiatry Vol. 194, No. 4 ( 2009-04), p. 375-376
    Details
    In: British Journal of Psychiatry, Royal College of Psychiatrists, Vol. 194, No. 4 ( 2009-04), p. 375-376
    Abstract: Previous research has suggested that prenatal testosterone exposure masculinises disordered eating by comparing opposite- and same-gender twins. The objective of the current study is to replicate this finding using a sample of 439 identical and 213 fraternal females, 461 identical and 344 fraternal males, and 361 males and 371 females from opposite-gender twin pairs. Disordered eating was compared across twin types using the Eating Disorder Inventory–2. Inconsistent with previous findings, a main effect of co-twin gender was not found. Our results raise questions about the validity of prior evidence of the impact of prenatal testosterone exposure on patterns of disordered eating.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 0007-1250 , 1472-1465
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.1192/bjp.bp.108.054692
    RVK:
    XA 10000
    Language: English
    Publisher: Royal College of Psychiatrists
    Publication Date: 2009
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  • 10
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    Online Resource
    Interpretation of interactions: guide for the perplexed
    Royal College of Psychiatrists ; 2010
    In:  British Journal of Psychiatry Vol. 197, No. 3 ( 2010-09), p. 170-171
    Details
    In: British Journal of Psychiatry, Royal College of Psychiatrists, Vol. 197, No. 3 ( 2010-09), p. 170-171
    Abstract: In this issue, Zammit et al explore how five dichotomised risk factors work together to predict risk for non-affective psychosis in a large Swedish cohort. In this editorial, we review these findings, and comment on both the nature of additive v. multiplicative models and the meaning of statistical interactions.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 0007-1250 , 1472-1465
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.1192/bjp.bp.110.081331
    RVK:
    XA 10000
    Language: English
    Publisher: Royal College of Psychiatrists
    Publication Date: 2010
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