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  • 1
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    In vitro reconstitution of the photosystem I light-harvesting complex LHCI-730: Heterodimerization is required for antenna pigment organization
    Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences ; 1997
    In:  Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences Vol. 94, No. 14 ( 1997-07-08), p. 7667-7672
    Details
    In: Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, Vol. 94, No. 14 ( 1997-07-08), p. 7667-7672
    Abstract: Here we describe the in vitro reconstitution of photosystem I light-harvesting complexes with pigments and proteins (Lhca1 and Lhca4) obtained by overexpression of tomato Lhca genes in Escherichia coli . Using Lhca1 and Lhca4 individually for reconstitution results in monomeric pigment-proteins, whereas a combination thereof yields a dimeric complex. Interactions of the apoproteins is highly specific, as reconstitution of either of the two constituent proteins in combination with a light-harvesting protein of photosystem II does not result in dimerization. The reconstituted Lhca1/4, but not complexes obtained with either Lhca1 or Lhca4 alone, closely resembles the native LHCI-730 dimer from tomato leaves with regard to spectroscopic properties, pigment composition, and stoichiometry. Monomeric complexes of Lhca1 or Lhca4 possess lower pigment/protein ratios, indicating that interactions of the two subunits not only facilitates pigment reorganization but also recruitment of additional pigments. In addition to higher averages of chlorophyll a/b ratios in monomeric complexes than in LHCI-730, comparative fluorescence and CD spectra demonstrate that heterodimerization involves preferential ligation of more chlorophyll b.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 0027-8424 , 1091-6490
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.1073/pnas.94.14.7667
    RVK:
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    Language: English
    Publisher: Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences
    Publication Date: 1997
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  • 2
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Enhanced photoprotection pathways in symbiotic dinoflagellates of shallow-water corals and other cnidarians
    Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences ; 2008
    In:  Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences Vol. 105, No. 36 ( 2008-09-09), p. 13674-13678
    Details
    In: Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, Vol. 105, No. 36 ( 2008-09-09), p. 13674-13678
    Abstract: Photoinhibition, exacerbated by elevated temperatures, underlies coral bleaching, but sensitivity to photosynthetic loss differs among various phylotypes of Symbiodinium , their dinoflagellate symbionts. Symbiodinium is a common symbiont in many cnidarian species including corals, jellyfish, anemones, and giant clams. Here, we provide evidence that most members of clade A Symbiodinium , but not clades B–D or F, exhibit enhanced capabilities for alternative photosynthetic electron-transport pathways including cyclic electron transport (CET). Unlike other clades, clade A Symbiodinium also undergo pronounced light-induced dissociation of antenna complexes from photosystem II (PSII) reaction centers. We propose these attributes promote survival of most cnidarians with clade A symbionts at high light intensities and confer resistance to bleaching conditions that conspicuously impact deeper dwelling corals that harbor non-clade A Symbiodinium .
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 0027-8424 , 1091-6490
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.1073/pnas.0805187105
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    Language: English
    Publisher: Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences
    Publication Date: 2008
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  • 3
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Damage to photosystem II in symbiotic dinoflagellates: A determinant of coral bleaching
    Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences ; 1999
    In:  Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences Vol. 96, No. 14 ( 1999-07-06), p. 8007-8012
    Details
    In: Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, Vol. 96, No. 14 ( 1999-07-06), p. 8007-8012
    Abstract: Coral bleaching has been defined as a general phenomenon, whereby reef corals turn visibly pale because of the loss of their symbiotic dinoflagellates and/or algal pigments during periods of exposure to elevated seawater temperatures. During the summer of 1997, seawater temperatures in the Florida Keys remained at or above 30°C for more than 6 weeks, and extensive coral bleaching was observed. Bleached colonies of the dominant Caribbean reef-building species, Montastrea faveolata and Montastrea franksi , were sampled over a depth gradient from 1 to 17 m during this period of elevated temperature and contained lower densities of symbiotic dinoflagellates in deeper corals than seen in previous “nonbleaching” years. Fluorescence analysis by pulse-amplitude modulation fluorometry revealed severe damage to photosystem II (PSII) in remaining symbionts within the corals, with greater damage indicated at deeper depths. Dinoflagellates with the greatest loss in PSII activity also showed a significant decline in the D1 reaction center protein of PSII, as measured by immunoblot analysis. Laboratory experiments on the temperature-sensitive species Montastrea annularis , as well as temperature-sensitive and temperature-tolerant cultured symbiotic dinoflagellates, confirmed the temperature-dependent loss of PSII activity and concomitant decrease in D1 reaction center protein seen in symbionts collected from corals naturally bleached on the reef. In addition, variation in PSII repair was detected, indicating that perturbation of PSII protein turnover rates during photoinhibition at elevated temperatures underlies the physiological collapse of symbionts in corals susceptible to heat-induced bleaching.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 0027-8424 , 1091-6490
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.1073/pnas.96.14.8007
    RVK:
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    Language: English
    Publisher: Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences
    Publication Date: 1999
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 209104-5
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  • 4
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Post-translational transport into intact chloroplasts of a precursor to the small subunit of ribulose-1,5-bisphosphate carboxylase
    Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences ; 1978
    In:  Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences Vol. 75, No. 12 ( 1978-12), p. 6110-6114
    Details
    In: Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, Vol. 75, No. 12 ( 1978-12), p. 6110-6114
    Abstract: A precursor to the small subunit of ribulose-1,5-bisphosphate carboxylase [3-phospho-D-glycerate carboxylyase (dimerizing), EC 4.1.1.39] has been identified among the products of cell-free translation of polyadenylated RNA from spinach and pea. In both cases, the precursor is larger than the mature protein by 4000-5000 daltons. Upon incubation of post-ribosomal supernatants of the in vitro protein synthesis mixtures with purified intact chloroplasts, the pea and spinach precursors are transported interchangeably into the chloroplasts and processed to the mature size and charge. Moreover, the newly transported small subunits are found to assemble with endogenous large subunits to form the holoenzyme. In contrast, a precursor to the Chlamydomonas reinhardtii small subunit is not taken up by higher plant chloroplasts, indicating the specificity of the transport events. Together, these results demonstrate that the in vitro reconstruction of the post-translational transport of the higher plant precursors is physiologically significant.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 0027-8424 , 1091-6490
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.1073/pnas.75.12.6110
    RVK:
    TA 1000
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    Language: English
    Publisher: Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences
    Publication Date: 1978
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  • 5
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Episodic radiations in the fly tree of life
    Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences ; 2011
    In:  Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences Vol. 108, No. 14 ( 2011-04-05), p. 5690-5695
    Details
    In: Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, Vol. 108, No. 14 ( 2011-04-05), p. 5690-5695
    Abstract: Flies are one of four superradiations of insects (along with beetles, wasps, and moths) that account for the majority of animal life on Earth. Diptera includes species known for their ubiquity ( Musca domestica house fly), their role as pests ( Anopheles gambiae malaria mosquito), and their value as model organisms across the biological sciences ( Drosophila melanogaster ). A resolved phylogeny for flies provides a framework for genomic, developmental, and evolutionary studies by facilitating comparisons across model organisms, yet recent research has suggested that fly relationships have been obscured by multiple episodes of rapid diversification. We provide a phylogenomic estimate of fly relationships based on molecules and morphology from 149 of 157 families, including 30 kb from 14 nuclear loci and complete mitochondrial genomes combined with 371 morphological characters. Multiple analyses show support for traditional groups (Brachycera, Cyclorrhapha, and Schizophora) and corroborate contentious findings, such as the anomalous Deuterophlebiidae as the sister group to all remaining Diptera. Our findings reveal that the closest relatives of the Drosophilidae are highly modified parasites (including the wingless Braulidae) of bees and other insects. Furthermore, we use micro-RNAs to resolve a node with implications for the evolution of embryonic development in Diptera. We demonstrate that flies experienced three episodes of rapid radiation—lower Diptera (220 Ma), lower Brachycera (180 Ma), and Schizophora (65 Ma)—and a number of life history transitions to hematophagy, phytophagy, and parasitism in the history of fly evolution over 260 million y.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 0027-8424 , 1091-6490
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.1073/pnas.1012675108
    RVK:
    TA 1000
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    Language: English
    Publisher: Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences
    Publication Date: 2011
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 209104-5
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  • 6
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Rapid degradation of unassembled ribulose 1,5-bisphosphate carboxylase small subunits in chloroplasts
    Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences ; 1983
    In:  Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences Vol. 80, No. 9 ( 1983-05), p. 2632-2636
    Details
    In: Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, Vol. 80, No. 9 ( 1983-05), p. 2632-2636
    Abstract: We have detected a proteolytic mechanism in chloroplasts that selectively and rapidly degrades the imported small subunit of ribulose 1,5-bisphosphate carboxylase when pools of the chloroplast-synthesized large subunit are depleted. This degradation system is constitutively present and appears to be responsible for precise stoichiometric accumulation of the two subunits of the enzyme. We believe similar proteolytic mechanisms participate in regulating the accumulation of other photosynthetic proteins during chloroplast biogenesis.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 0027-8424 , 1091-6490
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.1073/pnas.80.9.2632
    RVK:
    TA 1000
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    WA 15000
    Language: English
    Publisher: Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences
    Publication Date: 1983
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 209104-5
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 1461794-8
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  • 7
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Reconstitution of chlorophyll a/b light-harvesting complexes: Xanthophyll-dependent assembly and energy transfer
    Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences ; 1987
    In:  Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences Vol. 84, No. 1 ( 1987-01), p. 146-150
    Details
    In: Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, Vol. 84, No. 1 ( 1987-01), p. 146-150
    Abstract: A method for in vitro reconstitution of the chlorophyll a/b light-harvesting complex from LiDodSO 4 /heat-denatured or acetone-extracted photosynthetic membranes has been developed. Characterization of the minimum components necessary for the functional organization of pigments in these membrane complexes reveals that xanthophylls are essential structural components.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 0027-8424 , 1091-6490
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.1073/pnas.84.1.146
    RVK:
    TA 1000
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    Language: English
    Publisher: Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences
    Publication Date: 1987
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 209104-5
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  • 8
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    Online Resource
    Specific heat shock proteins are transported into chloroplasts
    Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences ; 1986
    In:  Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences Vol. 83, No. 2 ( 1986-01), p. 361-365
    Details
    In: Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, Vol. 83, No. 2 ( 1986-01), p. 361-365
    Abstract: We demonstrate that in three plant species—soybean, pea, and corn—certain nuclear-encoded heat shock proteins are transported into chloroplasts. In vitro translation products of poly(A)-RNA from control or heat-shocked plants were incubated with isolated intact pea chloroplasts and differences in the profile of imported proteins were analyzed. In all three species, abundant polypeptides between 21 and 27 kDa are present in the heat shock sample and absent in the controls. These polypeptides are protected from trypsin and chymotrypsin digestion after their import into chloroplasts and are recovered primarily with the soluble chloroplast protein fraction. Chloroplasts isolated from pea or corn leaves labeled in vivo at heat shock temperatures, but not at normal growth temperatures, contain the same polypeptides observed in vitro . Synthesis of the heat shock polypeptides can be inhibited in vivo by cycloheximide but not by chloramphenicol, further indicating they are products of cytoplasmic protein synthesis. The in vitro transport experiments demonstrate that synthesis of the chloroplast-localized heat shock proteins results from heat-induced accumulation of the corresponding poly(A)-RNAs. The same mRNAs are also produced in response to heat shock by a nonphotosynthetic tissue, the etiolated soybean hypocotyl.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 0027-8424 , 1091-6490
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.1073/pnas.83.2.361
    RVK:
    TA 1000
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    Language: English
    Publisher: Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences
    Publication Date: 1986
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  • 9
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Nitrogen-dependent regulation of photosynthetic gene expression
    Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences ; 1989
    In:  Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences Vol. 86, No. 8 ( 1989-04), p. 2678-2682
    Details
    In: Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, Vol. 86, No. 8 ( 1989-04), p. 2678-2682
    Abstract: Nitrogen-limited Chlamydomonas reinhardtii is chlorotic and very deficient in chlorophyll a/b light-harvesting complexes (LHC). Rates of synthesis of photosynthetic proteins, but especially the LHC apoproteins, are reduced 10- to 40-fold. Moderately high levels of chloroplast transcripts accumulate in nitrogen-limited cells, and there is a correlation between chloroplast DNA levels and chloroplast mRNA abundance. In contrast, nuclear transcripts encoding LHCII and ribulose 1,5-bisphosphate carboxylase small subunits are markedly reduced. Thus, nitrogen availability affects chloroplast protein synthesis by inhibition of translation and, to a lesser extent, chloroplast DNA amplification. Regulation of nuclear-encoded photosynthetic proteins by nitrogen is achieved through mechanisms affecting transcription and/or mRNA stability.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 0027-8424 , 1091-6490
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.1073/pnas.86.8.2678
    RVK:
    TA 1000
    RVK:
    WA 15000
    Language: English
    Publisher: Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences
    Publication Date: 1989
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  • 10
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    Online Resource
    Evidence for indigenous nitrogen in sedimentary and aeolian deposits from the Curiosity rover investigations at Gale crater, Mars
    Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences ; 2015
    In:  Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences Vol. 112, No. 14 ( 2015-04-07), p. 4245-4250
    Details
    In: Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, Vol. 112, No. 14 ( 2015-04-07), p. 4245-4250
    Abstract: The Sample Analysis at Mars (SAM) investigation on the Mars Science Laboratory (MSL) Curiosity rover has detected oxidized nitrogen-bearing compounds during pyrolysis of scooped aeolian sediments and drilled sedimentary deposits within Gale crater. Total N concentrations ranged from 20 to 250 nmol N per sample. After subtraction of known N sources in SAM, our results support the equivalent of 110–300 ppm of nitrate in the Rocknest (RN) aeolian samples, and 70–260 and 330–1,100 ppm nitrate in John Klein (JK) and Cumberland (CB) mudstone deposits, respectively. Discovery of indigenous martian nitrogen in Mars surface materials has important implications for habitability and, specifically, for the potential evolution of a nitrogen cycle at some point in martian history. The detection of nitrate in both wind-drifted fines (RN) and in mudstone (JK, CB) is likely a result of N 2 fixation to nitrate generated by thermal shock from impact or volcanic plume lightning on ancient Mars. Fixed nitrogen could have facilitated the development of a primitive nitrogen cycle on the surface of ancient Mars, potentially providing a biochemically accessible source of nitrogen.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 0027-8424 , 1091-6490
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.1073/pnas.1420932112
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    Language: English
    Publisher: Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences
    Publication Date: 2015
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 209104-5
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 1461794-8
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