Description: This dataset provides 131 CTD profiles measured on board of the German R/V Sonne (cruise SO269) in the northern South China Sea, under the project SOCLIS – South China Sea Natural Laboratory under Climatic and Anthropogenic Stress, in August and September 2019. The 131 profiles of temperature, salinity, dissolved oxygen, fluorescence, turbidity, surface irradiance (SPAR) and Photosynthetically active radiation (PAR), and sound velocity were measured using a CTD Sea-Bird SBE 911 plus, together with oxygen sensor (SBE 43), PAR sensor (Biospherical, QCP-2350 + QSR-2200), and a fluorometer (WET Labs ECO-FLNTU(RT)D). Additionally, oxygen saturation, potential temperature and sigma-theta (with reference to the surface) were calculated. The 131 CTD profiles are distributed by 81 stations and aim to study the impact of a growing anthropogenic pressure around the Pearl River Estuary into the northern shelf of the South China Sea towards the deep sea. The dataset was used to study the presence and spatial distribution of natural and synthetic estrogenic compounds and pharmaceutical and personal care products (PPCPs) in the Pearl River Estuary and northern shelf of the South China Sea.

Description: This dataset provides 131 CTD profiles measured on board of the German R/V Sonne (cruise SO269) in the northern South China Sea, under the project SOCLIS – South China Sea Natural Laboratory under Climatic and Anthropogenic Stress, in August and September 2019. The 131 profiles of temperature, salinity, dissolved oxygen, fluorescence, turbidity, surface irradiance (SPAR) and Photosynthetically active radiation (PAR), and sound velocity were measured using a CTD Sea-Bird SBE 911 plus, together with oxygen sensor (SBE 43), PAR sensor (Biospherical, QCP-2350 + QSR-2200), and a fluorometer (WET Labs ECO-FLNTU(RT)D). Additionally, oxygen saturation, potential temperature and sigma-theta (with reference to the surface) were calculated. The 131 CTD profiles are distributed by 81 stations and aim to study the impact of a growing anthropogenic pressure around the Pearl River Estuary into the northern shelf of the South China Sea towards the deep sea. The dataset was used to study the presence and spatial distribution of natural and synthetic estrogenic compounds and pharmaceutical and personal care products (PPCPs) in the Pearl River Estuary and northern shelf of the South China Sea.

Description: This dataset provides 131 CTD profiles measured on board of the German R/V Sonne (cruise SO269) in the northern South China Sea, under the project SOCLIS – South China Sea Natural Laboratory under Climatic and Anthropogenic Stress, in August and September 2019. The 131 profiles of temperature, salinity, dissolved oxygen, fluorescence, turbidity, surface irradiance (SPAR) and Photosynthetically active radiation (PAR), and sound velocity were measured using a CTD Sea-Bird SBE 911 plus, together with oxygen sensor (SBE 43), PAR sensor (Biospherical, QCP-2350 + QSR-2200), and a fluorometer (WET Labs ECO-FLNTU(RT)D). Additionally, oxygen saturation, potential temperature and sigma-theta (with reference to the surface) were calculated. The 131 CTD profiles are distributed by 81 stations and aim to study the impact of a growing anthropogenic pressure around the Pearl River Estuary into the northern shelf of the South China Sea towards the deep sea. The dataset was used to study the presence and spatial distribution of natural and synthetic estrogenic compounds and pharmaceutical and personal care products (PPCPs) in the Pearl River Estuary and northern shelf of the South China Sea.

Description: Current velocities of the upper water column along the cruise track of R/V Sonne cruise SO296/1 were collected by a vessel-mounted 75 kHz RDI Ocean Surveyor ADCP. The ADCP transducer was located at 6.0 m below the water line. The instrument was operated in narrowband mode (WM10) with a bin size of 8.00 m, a blanking distance of 8.00 m, and a total of 100 bins, covering the depth range between 22.0 m and 814.0 m. Heading, pitch and roll data from the ship's motion reference unit and the navigation data from the Global Positioning systems were used by the data acquisition software VmDAS internally to convert ADCP velocities into earth coordinates. Single-ping data were screened for bottom signals and, where appropriate, a bottom mask was manually processed. The ship's velocity was calculated from position fixes obtained by the Global Positioning System (GPS). Accuracy of the ADCP velocities mainly depends on the quality of the position fixes and the ship's heading data. Further errors stem from a misalignment of the transducer with the ship's centerline. Data post-processing included water track calibration of the misalignment angle (-0.1252° +/- 0.4024°) and scale factor (1.0042 +/- 0.0075) of the Ocean Surveyor signal. The velocity data were averaged in time using an average interval of 60 s. Velocity quality flagging is based on different threshold criteria: Depth cells with ensemble-averaged percent-good values below 25% are marked as 'bad data'. Depth cells with velocities above 1.5 m/s are flagged as 'bad data'. Depth cells with a root-mean-square deviation between the measured ensemble-average velocity and a cell-wise running-mean velocity above 0.3 m/s are flagged as 'probably bad data'.

Description: During the cruise POS459 on board the German R/V Poseidon, we collected water with a CTD SBE 11plus equipped with 14 Hydrobios free flow bottles of 10 L each in 9 stations (resulting in almost 100 samples) in the Madeira basin region, Northeast Atlantic. We aimed to study the physical and biogeochemical conditions of the water column along the 22°W meridian, north and south of the Azores Front, in September 2013. We measured concentrations of chlorophyll a, phaeopigments, suspended particulate material (SPM), and nutrients such as nitrate, nitrite, phosphate and silicate. Also, we determined concentrations of particulate organic carbon (POC) and particulate organic nitrogen (PON). The physical oceanography associated with this dataset can be found at https://doi.org/10.1594/PANGAEA.949122. Brief description of the methodology used: - Nitrate, nitrite, phosphate, and silicate were measured by continuous flow analysis. - POC and PON were measured by means of an elemental analyser after filtered with pre-combusted GF/F-filters. - Suspended particulate material (SPM) was determined gravimetrically after pre-combusted and weighted GF/F-filters filtration. - Chlorophyll a and phaeopigments were measured using a fluorometer after ethanol extraction of the GF/F-filters.

Description: During the cruise POS470 on board the German R/V Poseidon, we collected water with a CTD SBE911plus equipped with 14 Hydrobios free flow bottles of 5 L each in 31 stations (resulting in more than 300 samples) and during transect time in the Madeira basin region, Northeast Atlantic. We aimed to study the physical and biogeochemical conditions in the upper 2000 m of the water column around the catchment area of Kiel 276 in May/June 2014. We measured concentrations of chlorophyll a, phaeopigments, suspended particulate material (SPM), and nutrients such as nitrate, nitrite, phosphate and silicate. Also, we determined concentrations of particulate organic carbon (POC) and particulate organic nitrogen (PON) as well as dissolved organic carbon (DOC) and dissolved nitrogen (DN). The physical oceanography during the survey is available at PANGAEA (https://doi.org/10.1594/PANGAEA.949132). Brief description of the methodology used: - Nitrate, nitrite, phosphate and silicate were measured by continuous flow analysis. - Oxygen was measured on one sample at each station by potentiometric Winkler titration. - DOC and DN were measured by catalytic oxidation after filtered with GF/F-filters. - POC and PON were measured by means of an elemental analyser after filtered with pre-combusted GF/F-filters. - Suspended particulate material (SPM) was determined gravimetrically after pre-combusted and weighted GF/F-filters filtration. - Chlorophyll a and phaeopigments were measured using a fluorometer after ethanol extraction of the GF/F-filters.

Description: During the cruise POS501 on board the German R/V Poseidon, we measured temperature, salinity, dissolved oxygen, fluorescence, and turbidity on 35 stations in the Madeira Basin, Northeast Atlantic in June 2016. We aimed to study the physical and biogeochemical conditions in the upper 2000 m of the water column in the catchment area of Kiel 276. The CTD stations are distributed along three meridians (23°W, 22°W, 21°W, and 20°W) and between 30° and 37°N to locate the Azores Front. The dissolved oxygen data is noisy below 1700 m Since there was no measurement of dissolved oxygen (Winkler titration) during the cruise, the data cannot be calibrated.

Description: During the cruise POS501 on board the German R/V Poseidon, we collected water with a CTD SBE9plus equipped with 14 Hydrobios free flow bottles of 5 L each in 24 stations (resulting in more than 300 samples) and during transect time in the Madeira basin region, Northeast Atlantic. We aimed to study the physical and biogeochemical conditions in the upper 2000 m of the water column around the catchment area of Kiel 276 in June 2016. We measured concentrations of chlorophyll a, phaeopigments, suspended particulate material (SPM) and nutrients as nitrate, nitrite, phosphate and silicate. Also, we determined concentrations of particulate organic carbon (POC) and particulate organic nitrogen (PON) as well as dissolved organic carbon (DOC) and dissolved nitrogen (DN). The physical oceanography during the survey is available at PANGAEA (https://doi.org/10.1594/PANGAEA.949134). Brief description of the methodology used: - Nitrate, nitrite, phosphate and silicate were measured by continuous flow analysis. - Oxygen was measured on one sample at each station by potentiometric Winkler titration. - DOC and DN were measured by catalytic oxidation after filtered with GF/F-filters. - POC and PON were measured by means of an elemental analyser after filtered with pre-combusted GF/F-filters. - Suspended particulate material (SPM) was determined gravimetrically after pre-combusted and weighted GF/F-filters filtration. - Chlorophyll a and phaeopigments were measured using a fluorometer after ethanol extraction of the GF/F-filters.

Description: This set provides 68 CTD profiles of temperature, conductivity, dissolved oxygen, fluorescence, turbidity, Surface Photosynthetically Active Radiation (SPAR) and sound velocity measured on board the Chinese R/V Hai Yang Di Zhi Shi Hao in September 2018, in the northern South China Sea, within the project Megacity's fingerprint in Chinese marginal seas: Investigation of pollutant fingerprints and dispersal. Additionally, oxygen saturation, salinity, potential temperature and potential density are also provided. The dataset was used to study the presence and spatial distribution of natural and synthetic estrogenic compounds and pharmaceutical and personal care products (PPCPs) in the Pearl River Estuary and northern shelf of the South China Sea.

Description: This set provides 68 CTD profiles of temperature, conductivity, dissolved oxygen, fluorescence, turbidity, Surface Photosynthetically Active Radiation (SPAR) and sound velocity measured on board the Chinese R/V Hai Yang Di Zhi Shi Hao in September 2018, in the northern South China Sea, within the project Megacity's fingerprint in Chinese marginal seas: Investigation of pollutant fingerprints and dispersal. Additionally, oxygen saturation, salinity, potential temperature and potential density are also provided. The dataset was used to study the presence and spatial distribution of natural and synthetic estrogenic compounds and pharmaceutical and personal care products (PPCPs) in the Pearl River Estuary and northern shelf of the South China Sea.