Description: This dataset contains measurements of individual ostracode valve analyses (IOVA), including stable oxygen (δ¹⁸O) and carbon (δ¹³C) isotopes, and length/width, and mass measurements, at 17 sites across Lake Turkana, eastern Africa. These sediments were collected using a modified Ekman dredge during May–November 1979. The stable isotopic measurements were conducted at the [Paleo² Laboratory at the University of Arizona|https://thirumalai.geo.arizona.edu/] on a Thermo Kiel IV Carbonate Device coupled to a 253 Plus IRMS; the length/width measurements were performed on a MeijiTechno HDZ7000TS Digital Zoom Microscope System, and mass of each valve was measured using a Sartorius Cubis II Ultra-Micro Balance. Details can be found in https://doi.org/10.1029/2022GC010790

Description: This dataset contains pooled statistics of stable isotope and shell measurements of individual ostracode valve analyses (IOVA) alongside available in-situ measurements of pH, surface and bottom water temperature (BWT), total number of valves analyzed per site, IOVA-δ¹⁸O, IOVA-δ¹³C, shell mass, shell length/width, along with their average and standard deviations at 17 sites across Lake Turkana, eastern Africa. These modern sediments were collected using a modified Ekman dredge during May to November 1979. The stable isotopic measurements were conducted at the [Paleo² Laboratory at the University of Arizona|https://thirumalai.geo.arizona.edu/] on a Thermo Kiel IV Carbonate Device coupled to a 253 Plus IRMS; the length/width measurements were performed on a MeijiTechno HDZ7000TS Digital Zoom Microscope System, and mass of each valve was measured using a Sartorius Cubis II Ultra-Micro Balance. Details about the materials can be found in https://doi.org/10.1029/2022GC010790

Description: This data set presents the composition of vegetation in the Mahanadi Basin during the Last Glacial Period (80-20 ka). Percentages of the tropical trees, the arid-taxa, Artemisia, Poaceae and Cyperaceae recorded at IODP Site U1446 (19°5'N, 85°4'E, 1430 m water depth) are shown, as well the Diversity Simpson's index based on pollen record and the Axis 1 sample scores of the Principal Component Analysis, which is used in this study as humidity index (Figures 2 and 3 of the related study). This data set also contained the confidence intervals shown in Figure S10 and the row pollen data. We also included labels, depth (in m CCSF-A) and estimated age (Ka) of the studied samples.

Description: This dataset contains stable oxygen isotope, radiocarbon, and magnesium-to-calcium ratios measured in G. ruber (white) from a core in the northwestern Gulf of Mexico (Garrison Basin). The dataset also contains the inverted temperature, δ¹⁸O-sw (ice-volume corrected), and salinity values using the PSU Solver Algorithm. A Holocene composite of these parameters is provided for the Garrison Basin with higher-resolution (and previously published) late Holocene records from multi-cores. Here is the abstract from the paper: The Gulf of Mexico (GoM) is an integral component of oceanic circulation in the North Atlantic and helps facilitate poleward heat transport in the Western Hemisphere. Regionally, it serves as a key source of moisture for much of North America. Modern patterns of sea-surface temperature (SST) and salinity in the GoM are influenced by the Loop Current, its eddy-shedding dynamics, and the ensuing interplay with coastal processes. Here we present sub-centennial-scale records of SST and the stable oxygen isotope composition of seawater (δ¹⁸Osw; a proxy for changes in salinity) over the past 11,700 years using planktic foraminiferal geochemistry in sediments from the Garrison Basin, northwestern GoM. We measured δ¹⁸O and magnesium-to-calcium ratios in tests of Globigerinoides ruber (white variety) to generate quantitative estimates of past sea-surface conditions. Our results replicate and extend late Holocene reconstructions from the Garrison Basin, which we then use to create Holocene composites of SST and δ¹⁸Osw. We find considerable centennial and millennial-scale variability in both SST and δ¹⁸Osw, although their evolution over the Holocene is distinct. Whereas mean-annual SSTs display pronounced millennial-scale variability, δ¹⁸Osw exhibits a secular trend spanning multiple millennia and indicates increasing sea-surface salinity in the northwestern GoM since the early Holocene. We then synthesize available Holocene records from across the GoM, and alongside the Garrison Basin composite, uncover substantial, yet regionally consistent, spatiotemporal variability. Finally, we discuss the role of the Loop Current and coastal influx of freshwater in imposing these heterogeneities and conclude that dynamic and variable surface-ocean changes occurred across the GoM over the Holocene.