Note: Front Cover -- Atom Interferometry -- Copyright Page -- Contents -- Contributors -- Preface -- Chapter 1. Optics and Interferometry with Atoms and Molecules -- I. Introduction -- II. Beam Machine -- III. Optics for Atoms and Molecules -- IV. Interferometry with Atoms and Molecules -- V. Atom Interferometry Techniques -- VI. Measuring Atomic and Molecular Properties -- VII. Fundamental Studies -- VIII. Inertial Effects -- IX. Outlook -- Appendix: Frequently Used Symbols -- References -- Chapter 2. Classical and Quantum Atom Fringes -- I. Introduction -- II. Experimental Apparatus -- III. Classical Atom Fringes: The Moire Experiment -- IV. Quantum Fringes: The Interferometer -- V. Comparing Classical and Quantum Fringes: The Classical Analog to an Interferometer -- VI. Atoms in Light Crystals -- References -- Chapter 3. Generalized Talbot-Lau Atom Interferometry -- I. Introduction -- II. SBE Interferometry -- III. GTL Interferometry vs. SBE Interferometry -- IV. What Happens When Frauenhofer Diffraction Orders Overlap? -- V. Historical Development of the Generalized Talbot Effect -- VI. Spatial Properties of the Generalized Talbot Effect "Image -- VII. Wavelength Dependence of the Spatial Spectrum of the Fringe Intensity -- VIII. The Lau Effect -- IX. The Talbot Interferometer -- X. Generalized Lens-Free Talbot-Lau Interferometers -- XI. Fresnel Diffraction and the Talbot Effect with a Spatially Varying Potential -- XII. GTL Atom Interferometry Experiments with K and Li2 -- XIII. Talbot Interferometer Using Na -- XIV. "Heisenberg Microscope" Decoherence GTL Atom Interferometry -- XV. Conclusions and Future Applications -- Appendix: Kirchoff Diffraction with Spatially Varying V ( r ) -- References -- Chapter 4. Interferometry with Metastable Rare Gas Atoms -- I. Introduction -- II. Atomic Beam Source -- III. Young's Double-Slit Experiment. , IV. Holographic Manipulation of Atoms -- V. Two-Atom Correlation -- References -- Chapter 5. Classical and Nonclassical Atom Optics -- I. Introduction -- II. Models and Notation -- III. Atom Focusing and Applications -- IV. Correlation Experiments with Atoms and Photons -- V. Scheme for an Atomic Boson Laser -- References -- Chapter 6. Atom Interferometry and the Quantum Theory of Measurement -- I. Introduction -- II. Fundamental Physics and Atom Interferometers -- III. The Stern-Gerlach Interferometer -- IV. Conclusion -- References -- Chapter 7. Matter-Wave Interferometers: A Synthetic Approach -- I. Physics of the Generalized Beam Splitter -- II. Architecture of Interferometers -- III. Sensitivity to Gravitational and Electromagnetic Fields: A Unified Approach through the Dirac Equation -- IV. Conclusions and Directions of Future Progress -- References -- Chapter 8. Atom Interferometry Based on Separated Light Fields -- I. Introduction -- II. Theoretical Framework -- III. Discussion of Different Types of Interferometers -- IV. Experimental Realization of Borde Interferometry -- V. Precision Determination of Physical Quantities -- VI. Geometrical and Topological Phases -- VII. Influence of the Quantum-Mechanical Measurement Process in the Interferometer -- VIII. Applications of Atom Interferometry in Optical Frequency Standards -- IX. Conclusions -- References -- Chapter 9. Precision Atom Interferometry with Light Pulses -- I. Introduction -- II. Interferometer Theory -- III. Multiphoton Transitions -- IV. Inertial Force Measurements -- V. Photon-Recoil Measurement -- VI. Experimental Techniques -- VII. Conclusions -- References -- Chapter 10. Atom Interference Using Microfabricated Structures -- I. Introduction -- II. Qualitative Considerations -- III. Talbot Effect -- IV. Shadow Effect with Microfabricated Structures -- V. Talbot-Lau Effect. , VI. Talbot and Talbot-Lau Effects in a Thermal Atomic Beam -- VII. Conclusions -- Appendix -- References -- INDEX.

Note: Intro -- Half Title -- Editors -- Title Page -- Copyright -- Contents -- Contributors -- Preface -- 1 Ultracold Few-Body Systems -- 1 Introduction -- 2 Interactions in Ultracold Gases -- 2.1 External Field Control of Interatomic Interactions -- 2.2 Interaction Models -- 2.2.1 The Zero-Range Model -- 2.2.2 Single and Multichannel Models -- 3 Efimov Physics in Ultracold Quantum Gases -- 3.1 Methods to Explore Three-Body Systems -- 3.1.1 Hyperspherical Coordinates -- 3.1.2 Other Methods for Solving the Few-Body Schrödinger Equation -- 3.1.3 Analytically Extracting Ultracold Inelastic Rates -- 3.2 The Efimov Effect vs Efimov Physics -- 3.2.1 Conditions for the Efimov Effect -- 3.2.2 Ultracold Three-Body Scattering Rates -- 3.3 Experimental Observations in Ultracold Gases -- 4 Beyond the Efimov Scenario -- 4.1 Efimov Effect at Finite Scattering Energies -- 4.1.1 Energy-Dependent Efimov Features When a> -- 0 -- 4.1.2 Energy-Dependent Efimov Features When a< -- 0 -- 4.1.3 Observing Finite Energy Efimov Features via BEC Collisions -- 4.2 Finite-Range Effects -- 4.3 Efimov Physics for Narrow Feshbach Resonances -- 4.3.1 Three Identical Bosons BBB -- 4.3.2 Two-Component Fermion Systems FFF' -- 4.4 Efimov Physics Beyond Three-Body Systems -- 4.4.1 Universal Four-Body States for Identical Bosons -- 4.4.2 Four-Body Efimov Physics for BBBL Systems -- 4.4.3 Four-Body ``Efimov Effect'' in FFFL Systems -- 4.4.4 Not Too Few, But Not So Many -- 4.5 Forms of Interactions Beyond Efimov -- 4.5.1 Three-Body States with -1/r Two-Body Interactions -- 4.5.2 Three-Body States with -1/r2 Two-Body Interactions -- 5 Other Three-Body Systems Relevant for Cold Atom Physics -- 5.1 Three Helium Atoms -- 5.2 Three-Body Systems with Alkali-Metal and Helium or Hydrogen Atoms -- 6 Outlook -- Acknowledgments -- References -- 2 Shortcuts to Adiabaticity -- 1 Introduction. , 2 General Formalisms -- 2.1 Invariant-Based Inverse Engineering -- 2.2 Counterdiabatic or Transitionless Tracking Approach -- 2.3 Fast-Forward Approach -- 2.4 Alternative Shortcuts Through Unitary Transformations -- 2.5 Optimal Control Theory -- 3 Expansions of Trapped Particles -- 3.1 Transient Energy Excitation -- 3.2 Three-Dimensional Effects -- 3.3 Bose-Einstein Condensates -- 3.4 Strongly Correlated Gases -- 3.5 Experimental Realization -- 3.6 Optimal Control -- 3.7 Other Applications -- 4 Transport -- 4.1 Invariant-Based Shortcuts for Transport -- 4.2 Transport of a Bose-Einstein Condensate -- 5 Internal State Engineering -- 5.1 Population Inversion in Two-Level Systems -- 5.2 Effect of Noise and Perturbations -- 5.3 Three-Level Systems -- 5.4 Spintronics -- 5.5 Experiments -- 6 Wavepacket Splitting -- 7 Discussion -- Acknowledgments -- References -- 3 Excitons and Cavity Polaritons for Optical Lattice Ultracold Atoms -- 1 Introduction -- 2 Ultracold Atoms in an Optical Lattice as Artificial Crystals -- 2.1 Superfluid to Mott-Insulator Transitions -- 2.2 Mott Insulator for a Two-Component Bose-Hubbard Model -- 3 Excitons in Optical Lattices -- 3.1 Resonance Dipole-Dipole Interactions -- 3.2 One-Dimensional Atomic Chains -- 3.3 Two-Dimensional Planar Optical Lattices -- 3.4 Radiative Decay of Excitons -- 3.5 Excitons in Optical Lattices with Two Atoms per Site -- 3.6 Coherent Transfer of Excitons among Optical Lattices -- 4 Cavity QED with Excitons: Polaritons -- 4.1 Quantum Phases for an Optical Lattice Within a Cavity -- 4.2 Cavity Polaritons of Planar Two-Dimensional Optical Lattices -- 4.2.1 Two Atoms per Site Optical Lattice in a Planar Cavity -- 4.3 Optical Lattices with Oriented Dipoles -- 4.4 Finite Atomic Chain in an Optical Cavity -- 4.5 One-Dimensional Optical Lattice Coupled to a Tapered Nanofiber. , 5 Optical Lattices with Defects: Beyond the Mott Insulator State -- 5.1 Collective States of Atoms Excited into Higher Bloch Bands -- 5.2 Excitons and Polaritons Scattering by Defects in the Mott Insulator -- 6 Conclusions -- Acknowledgments -- References -- 3 Quantum Science and Metrology with Mixed-Species Ion Chains -- 1 Introduction -- 2 Normal Modes of Mixed-Species Chains -- 2.1 Mass-Dependent Potentials and Stability -- 2.2 Stability of Ion Motion -- 2.3 Normal Mode Analysis -- 2.4 Normal Mode Characteristics -- 2.5 Shifts in Normal Modes Due to Additional Effects -- 2.6 Normal Mode Diagnostics -- 2.7 Compensation of Stray Fields -- 3 Sympathetic Cooling -- 3.1 Laser Cooling of Mixed-Ion Chains -- 3.2 Heating Due to Fluctuating Electric Fields -- 3.3 Improving Cooling Rates for Radial Modes -- 4 Re-Ordering Ions of Different Mass -- 4.1 Symmetric Ordering, Heavy Ions Centered -- 4.2 Asymmetric Ordering -- 5 Quantum Logic Readout -- 5.1 Population-Preserving ``Non-Demolition'' Readout -- 5.2 Readout Using Coherent State-Dependent Forces -- 6 Quantum Computation -- 6.1 Experimental Demonstrations -- 7 Quantum State Engineering -- 7.1 Motional State Engineering -- 7.2 Entanglement of Internal States -- 8 Molecular Cooling and Control -- 9 Outlook -- Acknowledgments -- References -- 5 Limits to Resolution of CW STED Microscopy -- 1 Introduction -- 2 Theory -- 3 Experiment Setup -- 4 Results -- 5 Summary and Outlook -- Appendix A Confocal Resolution -- Appendix B Debye Diffraction Integral -- Appendix C Optimal Filling of the Objective -- Acknowledgments -- References -- 6 Ultrafast High Power and Stabilized Semiconductor Diode Lasers-Physics, Techniques, and Applications in Coherent Signal Processing -- 1 Introduction -- 2 Background Physics -- 2.1 Concept of Classic Gain Saturation versus Carrier Heating Induced Gain Saturation. , 2.2 Linear and Nonlinear Effects Induced by Gain Dynamics-Dispersion and Self-Phase Modulation -- 2.2.1 Self-Phase Modulation -- 2.2.2 Linear Dispersion -- 2.2.3 Saturable Absorption -- 2.3 Harmonic Mode-Locking and Low Noise Operation -- 2.4 Summary of Underlying Concepts -- 3 Experimental Configurations for Mode-Locked Semiconductor Diode Lasers -- 3.1 Dispersion Managed (Breathing Mode) Mode-Locked Diode Laser -- 3.2 High Pulse Energies-Extreme Chirped Pulse Amplification -- 3.3 The Theta Laser: An XCPA Oscillator -- 3.3.1 Theta Laser Performance -- 3.4 Low Noise Laser -- 3.5 Concluding Remarks on Pulse Generation Methods and Results -- 4 Applications -- 4.1 OAWG Theory -- 4.1.1 Time-Domain Interleaving for Arbitrary Sine Waves and Chirps -- 4.2 Pulse-Shaping -- 4.3 Arbitrary Waveform Measurement -- 4.3.1 Conceptual Description -- 4.3.2 Specific Experimental Examples -- 4.4 Matched Filtering -- 4.4.1 Coherent Detection Method for Code Discrimination -- 4.4.2 Experimental Configuration and Results -- 5 Summary, Concluding Remarks, and Future Directions -- Acknowledgments -- References -- Index -- A -- B -- C -- D -- E -- F -- G -- H -- I -- J -- K -- L -- M -- N -- O -- P -- Q -- R -- S -- T -- U -- V -- W -- Z -- Contents of Volumes In This Serial.

Note: Front Cover -- Protein Engineering and Design -- Copyright Page -- Contents -- Contributors -- Preface -- Part I: PREDICTION -- Chapter 1. Strategies for the Design of Novel Proteins -- I. Introduction -- II. Strategies for the Design of Structure -- III. Strategies for the Design of Function -- IV. Conclusion -- References -- Chapter 2. Computer Methods in Protein Modeling: An Overview -- I. Introduction -- II. Early Methods of Computer Modeling "by Hand -- III. Hardware and Computational Workstyles -- IV. Molecular Mechanics, a Controversial Paradigm of Protein Folding -- V. What Do We Know about Folding? -- VI. Electrostatics of Protein Structures -- VII. De Novo Design of Proteins: Folding in the Computer -- VIII. Secondary Structure Prediction -- IX. Surfaces and Volumes -- X. Molecular Dynamics Simulations -- XI. Free Energy Perturbation -- XII. Knowledge-Based Approaches to Model Building -- XIII. Conformational Searches -- XIV. The Free Energy Problem -- XV. Future Trends -- References -- Part II: PRODUCTION -- Chapter 3. The Art of Expression: Sites and Strategies for Heterologous Expression -- I. Why Escherichia coli? -- II. Genetic Considerations in Expression -- III. Post-translational Manipulations: Form of the Expressed Protein -- IV. Sites of Expression -- V. Conclusion -- References -- Chapter 4. Methods for Expressing Recombinant Proteins in Yeast -- I. Introduction -- II. Materials and Methodology for Protein Expression in Saccharomyces cerevisiae -- III. Summary -- References -- Chapter 5. In Vitro Mutagenesis -- I. Introduction -- II. In Vitro Mutagenesis: Principle and Variations -- Ill. Examples of Applications -- IV. Conclusions -- Appendix: Some Key Literature References and Commercial Products for Those Wishing to Use in Vitro Site-Directed Mutagenesis -- References -- Part III: CHARACTERIZATION. , Chapter 6. Determination of Structures of Larger Proteins in Solution by Three- and Four-Dimensional Heteronuclear Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy -- I. Introduction -- II. The Nature of the Structural Data Derived from NMR Measurements -- III. General Principles Involved in Deriving Experimental Restraints from NMR Data -- IV. Basics of 3D and 4D NMR -- V. Heteronuclear 3D and 4D NMR in Practice -- VI. Application of 3D and 4D NMR to the Determination of Larger Protein Structures -- VII. Concluding Remarks -- References -- Chapter 7. A Consumer's Guide to Protein Crystallography -- I. Crystallization -- II. Data Collection -- III. Phase Determination -- IV. Electron Density Map Interpretation -- V. Refinement -- VI. Exploiting the Structure -- VII. Some Final Comments -- Appendix: Some Useful Articles and Addresses -- References -- Chapter 8. Spectroscopic and Calorimetric Methods for Characterizing Proteins and Peptides -- I. Introduction -- II. Circular Dichroism -- III. Fourier-Transform Infrared Spectroscopy -- IV. Raman and Resonance Raman Spectroscopies -- V. Differential Scanning Calorimetry -- References -- Part IV: APPLICATIONS -- Chapter 9. The Design of Polymeric Biomaterials from Natural α-L-Amino Acids -- I. Introduction -- II. Poly(amino acids) as Biomaterials -- III. Disadvantages of Poly(amino acids) as Biomaterials -- IV. Strategies for the Modification of Conventional Poly(amino acids) -- V. Pseudo-poly(amino acids) -- VI. Conclusions -- References -- Chapter 10. The Nicotinic Acetylcholine Receptor as a Model for a Superfamily of Ligand-Gated Ion Channel Proteins -- I. The Similar Sequence and Multisubunit Structure of the Nicotinic Acetylcholine Receptor and Other Ligand-Gated Ion Channels Define a Superfamily of Proteins -- II. Structure of Cholinergic Ligand Binding Sites on the AChR α Subunit. , III. Structure of Ligand Binding Sites of Other Members of the AChR Superfamily -- IV. Multiplicity of Ligand Binding Sites on the AChR and Other Related Receptors -- V. Molecular Approaches for the Identification of the Ion Channel -- VI. Summary -- References -- Index.

Note: Front cover -- Title page -- Copyright page -- Contents -- Contributors -- Preface -- Chapter 1. Experimental Realization of the BCS-BEC Crossover with a Fermi Gas of Atoms -- 1. Introduction -- 2. BCS-BEC Crossover Physics -- 3. Feshbach Resonances -- 4. Cooling a Fermi Gas and Measuring its Temperature -- 5. Elastic Scattering near Feshbach Resonances between Fermionic Atoms -- 6. Creating Molecules from a Fermi Gas of Atoms -- 7. Inelastic Collisions near a Fermionic Feshbach Resonance -- 8. Creating Condensates from a Fermi Gas of Atoms -- 9. The Momentum Distribution of a Fermi Gas in the Crossover -- 10. Conclusions and Future Directions -- 11. Acknowledgements -- 12. References -- Chapter 2. Deterministic Atom-Light Quantum Interface -- 1. Introduction -- 2. Atom-Light Interaction -- 3. Quantum Information Protocols -- 4. Experimental Methods -- 5. Experimental Results -- 6. Conclusions -- 7. Acknowledgements -- 8. Appendices -- A. Effect of Atomic Motion -- B. Technical Details -- 9. References -- Chapter 3. Cold Rydberg Atoms -- 1. Introduction -- 2. Preparation and Analysis of Cold Rydberg-Atom Clouds -- 3. Collision-Induced Rydberg-Atom Gas Dynamics -- 4. Towards Coherent Control of Rydberg-Atom Interactions -- 5. Rydberg-Atom Trapping -- 6. Experimental Realization of Rydberg-Atom Trapping -- 7. Landau Quantization and State Mixing in Cold, Strongly Magnetized Rydberg Atoms -- 8. Conclusion -- 9. Acknowledgements -- 10. References -- Chapter 4. Non-Perturbative Quantal Methods for Electron-Atom Scattering Processes -- 1. Introduction -- 2. The Configuration-Average Distorted-Wave Method -- 3. The R-Matrix with Pseudo-States Method -- 4. The Time-Dependent Close-Coupling Method -- 5. Results -- 6. Summary -- 7. Acknowledgements -- 8. References -- Chapter 5. R-Matrix Theory of Atomic, Molecular and Optical Processes -- 1. Introduction. , 2. Electron Atom Scattering at Low Energies -- 3. Electron Scattering at Intermediate Energies -- 4. Atomic Photoionization and Photorecombination -- 5. Electron Molecule Scattering -- 6. Positron Atom Scattering -- 7. Atomic and Molecular Multiphoton Processes -- 8. Electron Energy Loss from Transition Metal Oxides -- 9. Conclusions -- 10. Acknowledgements -- 11. References -- Chapter 6. Electron-Impact Excitation of Rare-Gas Atoms from the Ground Level and Metastable Levels -- 1. Introduction -- 2. Electronic Structure -- 3. Experimental Methods -- 4. Background: Excitation of Helium and the Multipole Field Picture -- 5. Argon -- 6. Neon -- 7. Krypton -- 8. Xenon -- 9. Comparison to Theoretical Calculations -- 10. Conclusions -- 11. Acknowledgements -- 12. References -- Chapter 7. Internal Rotation in Symmetric Tops -- 1. Introduction -- 2. Theory -- 3. Spectroscopy from 50 kHz to 1000 cm-1 -- 4. Discussion -- 5. Acknowledgements -- 6. References -- Chapter 8. Attosecond and Angstrom Science -- 1. Introduction -- 2. Tunnel Ionization and Electron Re-collision -- 3. Producing and Measuring Attosecond Optical Pulses -- 4. Measuring an Attosecond Electron Pulse -- 5. Attosecond Imaging -- 6. Imaging Electrons and Their Dynamics -- 7. Conclusion -- 8. References -- Chapter 9. Atomic Processing of Optically Carried RF Signals -- 1. Introduction -- 2. Radio Frequency Spectral Analyzers -- 3. Spectrum Photography Architecture -- 4. Frequency Selective Materials as Programmable Filters -- 5. Rainbow Analyzer -- 6. Photon Echo Chirp Transform Spectrum Analyzer -- 7. Frequency Agile Laser Technology -- 8. Conclusion -- 9. Acknowledgements -- 10. References -- Chapter 10. Controlling Optical Chaos, Spatio-Temporal Dynamics, and Patterns -- 1. Introduction -- 2. Recent Examples -- 3. Control -- 4. Synchronization -- 5. Communication. , 6. Spatio-Temporal Chaos and Patterns -- 7. Outlook -- 8. Acknowledgement -- 9. References -- Index -- Contents of Volumes in this Serial.

Note: Front Cover -- Ion Chromatography: Principles and Applications -- Preface -- Short Contents -- Full Contents -- Chapter 1. Introduction -- 1.1 BACKGROUND TO ION CHROMATOGRAPHY -- 1.2 WHAT IS ION CHROMATOGRAPHY? -- 1.3 ORGANIZATION OF THIS BOOK -- 1.4 SOME FUNDAMENTAL CHROMATOGRAPHIC CONCEPTS -- 1.5 REFERENCES -- PART I: ION-EXCHANGE SEPARATION METHODS -- Chapter 2 An Introduction to Ion-Exchange Methods -- 2.1 INTRODUCTION TO ION-EXCHANGE -- 2.2 CLASSIFICATION OF ION CHROMATOGRAPHIC METHODS EMPLOYING ION-EXCHANGE SEPARATION -- 2.3 REFERENCES -- Chapter 3 Ion-Exchange Stationary Phases for Ion Chromatography -- 3.1 INTRODUCTION -- 3.2 SILICA-BASED ION-EXCHANGE MATERIALS -- 3.3 RESIN-BASED ION-EXCHANGERS -- 3.4 AGGLOMERATED ION-EXCHANGE RESINS -- 3.5 HYDROUS OXIDE ION-EXCHANGERS -- 3.6 SIMULTANEOUS SEPARATION OF ANIONS AND CATIONS -- 3.7 REFERENCES -- Chapfer 4 Eluents for Ion-Exchange Separations -- 4.1 INTRODUCTION -- 4.2 ELUENT CHARACTERISTICS -- 4.3 ELUENTS FOR NON-SUPPRESSED ION CHROMATOGRAPHY -- 4.4 ELUENTS FOR SUPPRESSED ION CHROMATOGRAPHY -- 4.5 GRADIENT ELUTION IN ION-EXCHANGE SEPARATIONS -- 4.6 EXTRANEOUS (SYSTEM) PEAKS IN ION-EXCHANGE IC -- 4.7 REFERENCES -- Chapter 5 Retention Models f o r Ion-Exchange -- 5.1 INTRODUCTlON -- 5.2 RETENTION MODELS FOR ANION-EXCHANGE -- 5.3 RETENTION MODELS FOR CATION-EXCHANGE -- 5.4 REFERENCES -- PART II ION-INTERACTION, ION-EXCLUSION AND MISCELLANEOUS SEPARATION METHODS -- Chapter 6 Ion-Interaction Chromatography -- 6.1 INTRODUCTlON -- 6.2 MECHANISM -- 6.3 STATIONARY PHASES AND ELUENTS -- 6.4 RETENTION MODELS FOR DYNAMIC COATING ION-INTERACTION CHROMATOGRAPHY -- 6.5 APPLICATIONS -- 6.6 REFERENCES -- Chapter 7 Ion-Exclusion Chromatography -- 7.1 INTRODUCTlON -- 7.2 STATIONARY PHASES -- 7.3 ELUENTS -- 7.4 FACTORS INFLUENCING RETENTION IN ION-EXCLUSION CHROMATOGRAPHY. , 7.5 RETENTION MODEL FOR ION-EXCLUSION CHROMATOGRAPHY -- 7.6 APPLICATIONS OF ION-EXCLUSION CHROMATOGRAPHY -- 7.7 REFERENCES -- Chapter 8 Miscellaneous Separation Methods -- 8.1 INTRODUCTION -- 8.2 REVERSED-PHASE LIQUID CHROMATOGRAPHY -- 8.3 CHELATING STATIONARY PHASES -- 8.4 MICELLE EXCLUSION CHROMATOGRAPHY -- 8.5 REFERENCES -- PART III DETECTION METHODS -- Chapter 9 Conductivity Detection -- 9.1 INTRODUCTION -- 9.2 PRINCIPLES OF CONDUCTIVITY DETECTION -- 9.3 MODES OF CONDUCTIVITY DETECTION -- 9.4 ELECTRONIC CIRCUITRY AND CELL DESIGN FOR CONDUCTIVITY DETECTION -- 9.5 SUPPRESSORS IN IC -- 9.6 PERFORMANCE CHARACTERISTICS OF CONDUCTIVITY DETECTORS -- 9.7 APPLICATIONS OF CONDUCTIVITY DETECTION IN IC -- 9.8 REFERENCES -- Chapter 10 Electrochemical Detection (Amperometry, Voltammetry and Coulometry) -- 10.1 INTRODUCTlON -- 10.2 MODES OF OPERATION OF ELECTROCHEMICAL DETECTORS -- 10.3 ELECTRODES FOR AMPEROMETRIC DETECTION -- 10.4 FLOW-CELL DESIGN AND RESPONSE EQUATIONS -- 10.5 APPLICATIONS OF ELECTROCHEMICAL DETECTION -- 10.6 REFERENCES -- Chapter 11 Potentiometric Detection -- 1 1.1 INTRODUCTION -- 1 1.2 PRINCIPLES OF POTENTIOMETRIC DETECTION -- 1 1.3 INDICATOR ELECTRODES AND RESPONSE PROFILES -- 1 1.4 FLOW-CELLS FOR POTENTIOMETRIC DETECTION -- 1 1.5 APPLICATIONS OF POTENTIOMETRIC DETECTION IN IC -- 11.6 REFERENCES -- Chapter 12 Spectroscopic Detection Methods -- 12.1 INTRODUCTION -- 12.2 UV-VISIBLE SPECTROPHOTOMETRIC DETECTION IN IC METHODS USING ION-EXCHANGE SEPARATIONS -- 12.3 SPECTROPHOTOMETRIC DETECTION IN IC METHODS USING ION-INTERACTION SEPARATIONS -- 12.4 SPECTROPHOTOMETRIC DETECTION IN IC METHODS USING ION-EXCLUSION SEPARATIONS -- 12.5 REFRACTIVE INDEX DEECTION -- 12.6 PHOTOLUMINESCENCE DETECTION IN IC -- 12.7 ATOMIC SPECTROSCOPIC DETECTION IN IC -- 12.8 REFERENCES -- Chapter 13 Detection by Post-Column Reaction -- 1 3.1 INTRODUCTION. , 13.2 HARDWARE FOR POST-COLUMN REACTTON -- 13.3 PCR DETECTION OF INORGANIC ANIONS -- 13.4 PCR DETECTION OF INORGANIC CATIONS -- 13.5 PCR DETECTION OF ORGANIC SPECIES -- 13.6 REFERENCES -- PART IV PRACTICAL ASPECTS -- Chapter 14 Sample Handling in Ion Chromatography -- 14.1 INTRODUCTION -- 14.2 SAMPLE COLLECTION PROCEDURES -- 14.3 EXTRACTION OF IONIC SPECIES FROM SAMPLES -- 14.4 SAMPLE CLEANUP METHODS -- 14.5 CONTAMINATION EFFECTS -- 14.6 SAMPLE HANDLING FOR ULTRA-TRACE ANALYSIS -- 14.7 MATRIX ELIMINATION METHODS -- 14.8 REFERENCES -- Chapter 15 Methods Development -- 15.1 INTRODUCTION -- 15.2 SELECTION OF APPROPRIATE CHROMATOGRAPHIC PARAMETERS -- 15.3 OPTlMlZATION OF THE ELUENT COMPOSITION -- 15.4 MULTI-DIMENSIONAL (COUPLED) IC METHODS -- 15.5 AUTOMATION IN IC -- 1 5.6 REFERENCES -- PART V APPLICATIONS OF ION CHROMATOGRAPHY -- Overview of the Applications Section -- Chapter 16 Environmental Applications -- 16.1 OVERVIEW -- 16.2 REFERENCES -- Chapter 17 Industrial Applications -- 17.1 OVERVIEW -- 17.2 REFERENCES -- Chapter 18 Analysis of Foods and Plants -- 18.1 OVERVIEW -- 18.2 REFERENCES -- Chapter 19 Clinical and Pharmaceutical Applications -- 19.1 OVERVIEW -- 19.2 REFERENCES -- Chapter 20 Analysis of Metals and Metallurgical Solutions -- 20.1 OVERVIEW -- 20.2 REFERENCES -- Chapter 21 Analysis of Treated Waters -- 21.1 OVERVIEW -- 21.2 REFERENCES -- Chapter 22 Miscellaneous Applications -- 22.1 OVERVIEW -- 22.2 REFERENCES -- Appendix A. Statistical Information on Ion Chromatography Publications -- Appendix B. Abbreviations and Symbols -- Index -- Journal of Chromatography Library (other volumes in the Series ).

Note: Front Cover -- The Genetics of Altruism -- Copyright Page -- Table of Contents -- Dedication -- Preface -- Acknowledgments -- List of Figures -- List of Tables -- Chapter 1. The Evolutionary Roots of Sociality -- 1.1. Statement of the Problem -- 1.2. Varieties of Selection for Social Behavior -- 1.3. Characteristics of Social Behavior as an Object of Selection -- 1.4. Genetic Models -- 1.5. The Evolutionary Setting -- 1.6. Plan of the Book -- Notes -- Part I: THE THEORY OF RECIPROCITY SELECTION -- Chapter 2. Mathematical Models for a Simple Cooperative Trait -- 2.1. A Minimal Model and Its Threshold β crit -- 2.2. Behavioral Interpretation of the Parameters -- 2.3. Generalizations of the Minimal Model: Robustness and the Effects of Cheating -- 2.4. Effects of Varying the Mendelian Dominance of the Social Trait -- Appendix. Interactions with the Mating System -- Notes -- Chapter 3. Cascade to Takeover by the Social Trait -- 3.1. Extension of the Minimal Model to an Island-Structured Metapopulation -- 3.2. Cascade Behavior: Numerical Examples -- 3.3. The Two-Island Approximation and Its Uses -- Appendix. Notes on a Demographic Accounting Problem -- Notes -- Chapter 4. Dynamics of the Cascade Using the Two-Island Approximation -- 4.1. Analysis of a True Two-Island Model -- 4.2. Analysis of the Two-Island Approximation -- 4.3. The Case Where the Source Island for Socials Remains at Fixation -- Appendix. Perturbation Solutions for the Fixed Points in the Small m Case and Determination of Stability Character -- Notes -- Chapter 5. The Cascade Continued-Initial Conditions and Global Dynamics -- 5.1. Setting the Initial Conditions by Genetic Drift -- 5.2. The Cascade: Basic Mechanisms of Propagation -- 5.3. Comparative Statics: Effect of Mother Site Centrality on Viability and Speed of Cascade. , 5.4. Self-Erasing Cascade Histories and the Reversibility of Social Evolution -- 5.5. Generalizations -- Appendix. Numerical Studies of Two-Dimensional Regular Stepping-Stone Models -- Notes -- Part II: THE THEORY OF KIN SELECTION -- Chapter 6. General Models for Sib and Half-Sib Selection -- 6.1. Précis of the Hamilton Theory -- 6.2. Outline of the New Models -- 6.3. Formalism and Derivation of Random Mating Recursions -- 6.4. Stability Analysis: Conditions for Stability at Fixation and Justification of Hardy-Weinberg Analysis near Dominant Fixation -- Appendix 6.1. The Concept of Genes Identical by Descent and the Calculation of Wright's Coefficient of Relationship -- Appendix 6.2. A General Haplodiploid Model -- Notes -- Chapter 7. Axiomatization of Sib Selection Theories -- 7.1. Axiomatic Comparisons of Fixation Stability Conditions -- 7.2. Analysis of Polymorphism -- Notes -- Chapter 8. Alternative Combinatorial Models and the Status of the Hamilton Theory -- 8.1. The Appropriateness of Sib Selection as a Model of Social Evolution in Hymenoptera -- 8.2. A First Combinatorial Model and Its Hamilton Limit -- 8.3. Alternative Combinatorics for Fitness Assignment -- 8.4. Concurrent Individual and Sib Selection -- 8.5. The Present Status of the Hamilton Conjecture: Information from the Axioms -- 8.6. Models for the Evolutionary Differentiation of Caste in Social Insects -- Appendix 8.1. Details of σ Graphs -- Appendix 8.2. Stability Conditions for Sib Selection Models with Combinatorial Coefficients from Section -- Notes -- Chapter 9. Models of Intergenerational Altruism -- 9.1. Child -Parent Altruism in a Haplodiploid Species -- 9.2. Parental Investment in a Haplodiploid Species -- Notes -- Part III. THE THEORY OF GROUP SELECTION -- Chapter 10. Analysis of Group Selection in the Levins E = E ( x ) Formalism. , 10.1. Overtime Solution of the Basic Levins Equation -- 10.2. Biological Discussion of the Results -- 10.3. Comparison with the Levins Analysis -- Appendix. Behavior of ϕ(x, t) near x = 0 and x = 1 for h ϵ (0, 1) -- Notes -- Chapter 11. Group Selection of Founder Populations -- 11.1. Derivation of a New Model -- 11.2. Analysis: Fixed Points and Stability -- 11.3. Interpretation -- Notes -- Chapter 12. Conclusions -- 12.1. Pathways to Sociality -- 12.2. Preadaptations for Social Evolution -- 12.3. Reflections on Data -- 12.4. Evolutionary Limits on Sociality -- 12.5. Notes on Hominid Applications -- Technical Appendix: Genetics Background -- Glossary -- References -- AUTHOR INDEX -- SUBJECT INDEX.

Note: Front Cover -- Advances in Atomic, Molecular, and Optical Physics -- Copyright -- Contents -- Contributors -- Preface -- Chapter One: Detection of Metastable Atoms and Molecules using Rare Gas Matrices -- 1. Introduction -- 2. Basic Concepts -- 2.1 Relevant Background -- 2.2 Principle of Operation of the Detector -- 3. Experimental Details -- 3.1 TOF Spectroscopy -- 3.2 Apparatus Details -- 3.3 Apparatus Performance -- 3.3.1 Spectral Output -- 3.3.2 Temperature Variation -- 3.3.3 Excimer Lifetimes -- 4. Calibrations -- 4.1 Calibration of O(1S) Production -- 4.2 Calibration of O(1D) Production -- 4.2 Calibration of the Electron Energy Scale -- 5. O(1S) Measurements -- 5.1 O2 -- 5.2 N2O -- 5.3 CO2 -- 5.4 CO -- 5.5 NO -- 5.6 H2O, D2O -- 5.7 SO2 -- 6. O(1D) Measurements -- 7. Sulfur Measurements -- 8. CO Measurements -- 9. Future Possibilities -- References -- Chapter Two: Interactions in Ultracold Rydberg Gases -- 1. Introduction -- 2. Pair Interactions -- 2.1 Rydberg Pair Interaction and Important Issues -- 2.2 Calculation of Rydberg Pair Interactions -- 2.3 Angular Dependence -- 2.4 Experiments -- 3. Rydberg Atom Molecules -- 3.1 Trilobite Molecules -- 3.1.1 The Fermi Pseudo-Potential Picture of Trilobite Molecules -- 3.1.2 The Multichannel Quantum Defect Approach to Trilobite Molecules -- 3.1.3 External Fields -- 3.1.4 Features of the Trilobite Interaction Potentials -- 3.1.5 Molecular Frame Permanent Dipole Moments -- 3.1.6 Experimental Measurement of Trilobite Molecules -- 3.2 Macrodimers -- 3.2.1 Theory of Macrodimers -- 3.2.2 Experimental Detection of Macrodimers -- 4. Many-Body and Multiparticle Effects -- 4.1 Förster Resonance -- 4.2 Dipole Blockade -- 5. Conclusion and Perspectives -- Chapter Three: Atomic, Molecular, and Optical Physics in the Early Universe: From Recombination to Reionization -- 1. Introduction. , 1.1 The Expanding Universe -- 1.2 The Thermal History of the Universe -- 1.3 The Need for Dark Matter -- 1.4 The Role of AMO Physics -- 1.5 Distance Measurements -- 1.6 Acronyms and Variables -- 2. Cosmological Recombination -- 2.1 What Is Cosmological Recombination All About? -- 2.1.1 Initial Conditions and Main Aspect of the Recombination Problem -- 2.1.2 The Three Stages of Recombination -- 2.1.3 What Is So Special About Cosmological Recombination? -- 2.2 Why Should We Bother? -- 2.2.1 Importance of Recombination for the CMB Anisotropies -- 2.2.2 Spectral Distortions from the Recombination Era -- 2.3 Why Do We Need Advanced Atomic Physics? -- 2.4 Simple Model for Hydrogen Recombination -- 2.5 Multilevel Recombination Model and Recfast -- 2.6 Detailed Recombination Physics During Hi Recombination -- 2.6.1 Two-Photon Transitions from Higher Levels -- 2.6.2 The Effect of Raman Scattering -- 2.6.3 Additional Small Corrections and Collision -- 2.7 Detailed Recombination Physics During Hei Recombination -- 2.8 HyRec and CosmoRec -- 3. Pregalactic Gas Chemistry -- 3.1 Fundamentals -- 3.2 Key Reactions -- 3.2.1 Molecular Hydrogen (H2) -- 3.2.2 Deuterated Molecular Hydrogen (HD) -- 3.2.3 Lithium Hydride -- 3.3 Complications -- 3.3.1 Spectral Distortion of the CMB -- 3.3.2 Stimulated Radiative Association -- 3.3.3 Influence of Rotational and Vibrational Excitation -- 4. Population III Star Formation -- 4.1 The Assembly of the First Protogalaxies -- 4.2 Gravitational Collapse and Star Formation -- 4.2.1 The Initial Collapse Phase -- 4.2.2 Three-Body H2 Formation -- 4.2.3 Transition to the Optically Thick Regime -- 4.2.4 Cooling at Very High Densities -- 4.2.5 Influence of Other Coolants -- 4.3 Evolution After the Formation of the First Protostar -- 5. The 21-cm Line of Atomic Hydrogen -- 5.1 Physics of the 21-cm Line -- 5.1.1 Basic 21-cm Physics. , 5.1.2 Collisional Coupling -- 5.1.3 Wouthuysen-Field Effect (Photon Coupling) -- 5.2 Global 21-cm Signature -- 5.2.1 Cosmic Dark Ages and Exotic Heating (zbold0mu mumu dotted40) -- 5.2.2 Lyman-α Coupling (zα z z ) -- 5.2.3 Gas Heating (zh z zα) -- 5.2.4 Growth of H II Regions (zr z zh) -- 5.2.5 Astrophysical Sources and Histories -- 5.3 21-cm Tomography -- 5.3.1 Fluctuations in the Spin Temperature -- 5.3.2 Gas Temperature -- 5.3.3 Ionization Fluctuations -- 5.3.4 Density and Minihalos -- 5.3.5 Redshift Space Distortions -- 6. The Reionization of Intergalactic Hydrogen -- 6.1 Sources of Reionization: Stars -- 6.2 Sources of Reionization: Quasars -- 6.2.1 Secondary Ionizations -- 6.3 The Growth of Ionized Bubbles -- 6.3.1 Photoionization Rates and Recombinations -- 6.3.2 Line Cooling -- 6.4 Reionization as a Global Process -- 7. Summary -- Appendix A. Acronyms -- Appendix B. Symbols -- Chapter Four: Atomic Data Needs for Understanding X-ray Astrophysical Plasmas -- 1. Introduction -- 2. Charge State Distribution -- 2.1 Ionization Processes -- 2.1.1 Collisional Ionization -- 2.1.2 Photoionization -- 2.1.3 Auger Ionization -- 2.2 Recombination -- 2.2.1 Dielectronic Recombination -- 2.2.2 Radiative Recombination -- 2.3 Charge Exchange -- 2.4 Future Needs -- 3. Spectral Features -- 3.1 Energy Levels and Wavelengths -- 3.2 Collisional Excitation Rates -- 3.2.1 H-Like Ions -- 3.2.2 He-Like Ions -- 3.2.3 Neon-Like Ions -- 3.2.4 Other Ions -- 3.3 Radiative Transition Rates (Bound-Bound) -- 3.4 Photoionization/Absorption (Bound-Free) Rates -- 3.5 Fluorescent Innershell Transitions -- 3.6 Charge Exchange Rates -- 3.6.1 Atoms and Ions -- 3.6.2 Molecules and Grains -- 4. Conclusions -- Chapter Five: Energy Levels of Light Atoms in Strong Magnetic Fields -- 1. Introduction -- 2. Historical Background -- 3. The Lightest ``Light'' Atom-Hydrogen. , 4. Light Atoms: Two and Few-Electron Systems -- 5. Concluding Remarks and Future Prospects -- Chapter Six: Quantum Electrodynamics of Two-Level Atoms in 1D Configurations -- 1. Introduction -- 2. The 1D Kernel and Its Spectral Decomposition -- 2.1 Form of the Lienard-Wiechert Kernel in 1D (Friedberg and Manassah, 2008c) -- 2. 2 Initial Time CDR and CLS of a Slab (Friedberg et al., 1973) -- 2.3 Eigenfunctions and Eigenvalues of a Slab (Friedberg and Manassah, 2008c,d,e) -- 2.3.1 Functional Form of the Eigenfunctions -- 2.3.2 Pseudo-Orthogonality Relations -- 2.3.2.1 Odd Eigenfunctions -- 2.3.2.1 Even Eigenfunctions -- 2.3.3 Parseval´s Identity -- 2.4 Differential Form of the Field Equation (Friedberg and Manassah, 2008c) -- 2.5 Inverted System in the Superradiant Linear Regime (Friedberg and Manassah, 2008e) -- 2.6 Comments on the Numerical Results of Superradiance from a Slab -- 3. Propagation of an Ultrashort Pulse in a Slab and the Ensuing Emitted Radiation Spectrum -- 3.1 Time Development and Spectrum of the Radiation Emitted -- 3.1.1 Spectral Analysis (Friedberg and Manassah, 2008d, 2009b) -- 3.1.2 Computation of the Electric Field at the End Planes -- 3.2 The SVEA Closed-Form Expressions (Manassah, 2012a) -- 3.3 The Modified SVEA Closed-Form Expressions (Manassah, 2012b) -- 3.4 Self-Energy of an Initially Detuned Phased State (Friedberg and Manassah, 2010a) -- 3.5 Spectral Distribution of an Initially Detuned Spatial Distribution -- 4. Near-Threshold Behavior for the Pumped Stationary State -- 4.1 Coupled Maxwell-Bloch Equations -- 4.2 Single-Frequency Lasing -- 4.2.1 Single-Frequency Bare Mode -- 4.2.2 Single-Frequency Dressed Mode -- 4.3 Two-Frequency Bare Modes -- 4.4 General Comments -- 5. Polariton-Plasmon Coupling, Transmission Peaks, and Purcell-Dicke Ultraradiance -- 5.1 The Total Transfer Matrix -- 5.2 The Mittag-Leffler Expansion. , 5.3 Interacting Polariton-Plasmon Modes -- 6. Periodic Structures -- 6.1 Density-Modulated Slab (Manassah, 2012e) -- 6.1.1 The Self-Energy at Initial Time -- 6.1.2 Simple Mathematical Analysis for the Giant Shifts -- 6.2 Periodic Multislabs Eigenvalues (Friedberg and Manassah, 2008f) -- 6.2.1 Eigenvalue Condition -- 6.2.2 Precocious Superradiance -- 6.2.3 Eigenvalues at the Bragg Condition as a Function of the Number of Cells -- 7. Conclusion -- Acknowledgments -- Appendix. Transfer Matrix Formalism -- Some Useful Relations of the Pauli Matrices -- Example of an Application of Above Formalism -- References -- Index -- Contents of volumes in this serial.

Note: Front cover -- Half title page -- Editorial Board -- Title page -- Copyright page -- Contents -- Contributors -- Preface -- Chapter 1. Simultaneous Emission of Multiple Electrons from Atoms and Molecules Using Synchrotron Radiation -- 1. Introduction -- 2. Experimental Considerations -- 3. Double Photoionization of Helium -- 4. Double Photoionization of Heavier Elements -- 5. Triple Photoionization of Atoms -- 6. Multiple Photoionization of Molecules -- 7. Conclusions and Outlook -- Acknowledgments -- References -- Chapter 2. CP-violating Magnetic Moments of Atoms and Molecules -- 1. Introduction -- 2. T,P-violating Electrodynamics -- 3. Fundamental Mechanisms of P and T Violation -- 4. CP-violating Polarizability of Diamagnetic Atoms -- 5. CP-violating Magnetic Moment of Diamagnetic Molecules -- 6. Thermally-induced CP-violating Magnetization of Paramagnetic Molecules -- 7. Conclusion -- Acknowledgments -- References -- Chapter 3. Superpositions of Degenerate Quantum States: Preparation and Detection in Atomic Beams -- 1. Introduction -- 2. Basic Concepts and Equations -- 3. Stimulated Raman Adiabatic Passage (STIRAP) -- 4. Preparation of Degenerate Coherent Superpositions in Metastable Neon -- 5. Analysis of STIRAP-produced Superpositions in Metastable Neon -- 6. Experimental Results -- 7. Extensions and Applications -- 8. Outlook -- Acknowledgments -- References -- Chapter 4. Atom Trap Trace Analysis of Rare Noble Gas Isotopes -- 1. Introduction -- 2. Rare Noble Gas Isotopes in the Environment -- 3. Earlier Detection Methods -- 4. Atom Trap Trace Analysis (ATTA) -- 5. Applications of ATTA -- 6. Conclusion and Outlook -- Acknowledgements -- References -- Chapter 5. Cavity Optomechanics with Whispering-Gallery Mode Optical Micro-Resonators -- 1. Introduction -- 2. Theory of Optomechanical Interactions. , 3. Whispering-gallery Mode Microresonators as Optomechanical Systems -- 4. Ultrahigh-Sensitivity Interferometric Motion Transduction -- 5. Observation of Dynamical Backaction -- 6. Resolved-Sideband Cooling -- 7. Approaching the Quantum Ground State -- 8. Conclusion -- 9. Outlook -- Acknowledgements -- References -- Index -- Contents of volumes in this serial.

Note: Intro -- Contents -- Contributors -- Exploring Quantum Matter with Ultracold Atoms in Optical Lattices -- Introduction -- Optical Lattices -- Optical Dipole Force -- Optical Lattice Potentials -- 1D Lattice Potentials -- 2D Lattice Potentials -- 3D Lattice Potentials -- Spin-Dependent Optical Lattice Potentials -- Bose-Einstein Condensates in Optical Lattices -- Bloch Bands -- Wannier Functions -- Ground State Wave Function of a BEC in an Optical Lattice -- Discretization -- Ground State -- Adiabatic Mapping of Crystal Momentum to Free Particle Momentum -- Bose-Hubbard Model of Interacting Bosons in Optical Lattices -- Ground States of the Bose-Hubbard Hamiltonian -- Double Well Case -- Multiple Well Case -- SF-MI Transition in Inhomogeneous Potentials -- Superfluid to Mott Insulator Transition -- Collapse and Revival of a Macroscopic Quantum Field -- Quantum Gate Arrays via Controlled Collisions -- Spin-Dependent Transport -- Controlled Collisions -- Using Controlled Collisional Quantum Gates -- Outlook -- Acknowledgements -- References -- The Kicked Rydberg Atom -- Introduction -- Impulsively-Driven or ``Kicked'' Systems -- Related Problems -- Realization of the Impulsive Limit -- Experimental Apparatus -- Freely-Propagating Half-Cycle Pulses -- Studies at Very-High n -- Creation of Quasi-One-Dimensional Atoms -- Effect of a Single HCP -- Energy Transfer and Ionization -- Wavepacket Production and Evolution -- Characterization of Quasi-1D Atoms -- Effect of Multiple HCPs -- Dynamical Stabilization -- 3D Atoms -- 1D and Quasi-1D Atoms: Effect of Kick Direction -- Classical-Quantum Correspondence -- Freely-Propagating Attosecond HCP Trains -- Alternating Kicks -- Phase-Space Localization -- Dynamical Filtering -- Navigating in Phase-Space -- Transient Phase-Space Localization -- Outlook -- Atomic Engineering. , Classical Limit of Quantum Mechanics -- Further Applications -- Acknowledgements -- References -- Photonic State Tomography -- State Representation -- Representation of Single-Qubit States -- Pure States, Mixed States, and Diagonal Representations -- The Stokes Parameters and the Poincaré Sphere -- Representation of Multiple Qubits -- Pure States, Mixed States, and Diagonal Representations -- Fidelity. -- Tangle. -- Entropy and the linear entropy. -- Multiple Qubit Stokes Parameters -- Representation of Nonqubit Systems -- Pure, Mixed, and Diagonal Representations -- Qudit Stokes Parameters -- Tomography of Ideal Systems -- Single-Qubit Tomography -- Visualization of Single-Qubit Tomography -- A Mathematical Look at Single-Qubit Tomography -- Multiple-Qubit Tomography -- Tomography of Nonqubit Systems -- General Qubit Tomography -- Collecting Tomographic Measurements -- Projection -- Arbitrary Single-Qubit Projection -- Compensating for Imperfect Waveplates -- Wedged waveplates -- Multiple-Qubit Projections and Measurement Ordering -- n vs. 2n Detectors -- Electronics and Detectors -- Collecting Data and Systematic Error Correction -- Accidental Coincidences -- Beamsplitter Crosstalk -- Detector-Pair Efficiency Calibration -- Intensity Drift -- Analyzing Experimental Data -- Types of Errors and State Estimation -- The Maximum Likelihood Technique -- Optimization Algorithms and Derivatives of the Fitness Function -- Choice of Measurements -- How Many Measurements? -- How Many Counts per Measurement? -- Error Analysis -- A Complete Example of Tomography -- Outlook -- Acknowledgements -- References -- Fine Structure in High-L Rydberg States: A Path to Properties of Positive Ions -- Introduction -- Experimental Methods -- Early Studies -- Stepwise Excitation Microwave Studies -- Resonant Excitation Stark Ionization Spectroscopy (RESIS). , Other Experimental Methods -- Theoretical Methods -- Long-Range Model for Atoms -- Adiabatic Model with S-State Cores -- Nonadiabatic Corrections -- Other Corrections -- Core penetration and exchange -- Second-order polarization energies -- Spin Structure -- Tensor Fine Structure -- Long-Range Model for H2 -- Coulomb Interactions -- Spin and Hyperfine Interactions -- Comparison with Traditional Methods -- Results -- Theoretical Progress -- Relativistic corrections. -- Retardation corrections. -- Reduced mass corrections. -- Lamb shift corrections. -- Ion Property Measurements -- Dipole Polarizability -- Quadrupole Moments -- Other Ion Properties -- Applications -- Summary and Outlook -- Acknowledgements -- References -- A Storage Ring for Neutral Molecules -- Introduction -- Manipulating Polar Molecules -- The Stark Effect in Deuterated Ammonia -- Focusing a Beam of Polar Molecules -- Decelerating and Trapping of Polar Molecules -- A Storage Ring for Polar Molecules -- Manipulating Polar Molecules in Phase Space -- Phase-Space Matching -- Phase-Space Transformations -- A Prototype Storage Ring for Neutral Molecules -- Motion of Molecules in a Hexapole Ring -- Equilibrium Orbit -- Betatron Oscillations -- Motion of Molecules in the Dipole Ring -- Experimental Set-up -- Results and Discussion -- Longitudinal Focusing and Cooling of a Molecular Beam -- Principle and Design of the Buncher -- Longitudinal Focusing of a Molecular Beam -- Longitudinal Cooling of a Molecular Beam -- Dynamics of Molecules in the Storage Ring -- Experimental Setup and Alternative Bunching Scheme -- Longitudinal Temperature of Molecules in the Ring -- Betatron Oscillations in the Dipole Ring -- Betatron Oscillations in the Hexapole Ring -- Design of a Sectional Storage Ring -- Transverse Stability in a Sectional Storage Ring -- A Linear Array of Hexapoles -- Bend Hexapoles. , Longitudinally Focusing in a Sectional Ring -- Conclusions and Outlook -- Acknowledgements -- References -- Nonadiabatic Alignment by Intense Pulses. Concepts, Theory, and Directions -- Preliminaries -- Basic Concepts -- Rotational Excitation and Coherent Alignment -- Time Evolution -- Role of the Molecular Symmetry. From Diatomic Molecules to Complex Systems -- Role of the Field Polarization. Three-Dimensional Alignment -- Molecular Orientation -- Alignment in Dissipative Media -- Theory -- General Formulation -- Nonresonant, Nonadiabatic Alignment -- Numerical Implementation -- Case Studies -- Recent Developments -- Conclusions and Outlook -- Acknowledgements -- Derivation of Equation (5) -- References -- Relativistic Nonlinear Optics -- Orientation and Background -- Introduction to Relativistic Optics and High Field Science -- Guiding Principles of Laser Plasma Physics -- Single-Particle Motion -- Constants of the Motion -- Role of Initial Phase -- Direct Laser Acceleration of Electrons in Vacuum -- Self-Modulated Laser Wakefield Electron Beam Characterization -- A General Plane Wave Electron Scattering Model -- Nonparaxial Solutions of the Maxwell Wave Equation -- Series Solution of the Wave Equation for Monochromatic Beams -- A Spectral Method Solution of the Wave Equation -- The Solution Assuming a Gaussian Laser at Focus -- Comparison of the Series and Spectral Solutions -- The Asymmetric Laser Field Solutions -- The Symmetric Laser Field Solutions -- The Solution Assuming a Flattened Gaussian Laser at Focus -- Radiation from Relativistic Electrons -- Collective Plasma Response -- Propagation -- Relativistic Self-focusing -- Raman Scattering, Plasma Wave Excitation and Electron Acceleration -- Relativistic Phase Modulation -- Interactions with Solid-Density Targets -- Concluding Remark -- Acknowledgements -- References. , Coupled-State Treatment of Charge Transfer -- Introduction -- Coupled-State Treatments -- Impact-Parameter Approaches -- Atomic-State and Atomic-Pseudostate Approaches -- Two-center -- Atomic-state. -- Atomic-plus-pseudostate. -- Continuum-distorted-wave. -- Three-center -- Molecular-State Approaches -- Perturbed-stationary-state -- Plane-wave-factor, molecular-state -- Molecular-state with other a priori translational factors -- Molecular-state with optimized or variationally determined translational factors -- Hylleraas -- Three-center molecular-state -- Two-Center, Momentum-Space Approach -- Quantum Approaches -- Translational Factor Approaches -- Common-Reaction-Coordinate Method -- Hidden Crossing Approach -- Hyperspherical Approach -- Results -- The alphaH System -- Charge Transfer to All States -- Intermediate energies -- Lower energies -- Charge Transfer to the 2s and 2p States -- The pHe+ System -- The pH System -- Charge Transfer to All States -- Charge Transfer to the Ground State -- Charge Transfer to the 2s and 2p States -- Conclusion -- References -- Index -- Contents of Volumes in this Serial.

Note: Cover -- Contents -- Contributors -- Chapter 1. Direct frequency comb spectroscopy -- 1. Introduction and Historical Background -- 2. Comb Control and Detection -- 3. Direct Frequency Comb Spectroscopy -- 4. Multi-Frequency Parallel Spectroscopy -- 5. Coherent Control Applications -- 6. Future Outlook -- 7. Concluding Remarks -- 8. Acknowledgements -- 9. References -- Chapter 2. Collisions, correlations, and integrability in atom waveguides -- 1. Introduction -- 2. Effective 1D World -- 3. Bethe Ansatz and beyond -- 4. Ground State Properties of Short-Range-Interacting 1D Bosons: Known Results and Their Experimental Verification -- 5. What Is Special about Physics in 1D -- 6. Summary and Outlook -- 7. Acknowledgements -- 8. Appendix: Some Useful Properties of the Hurwitz Zeta Function -- 9. References -- Chapter 3. MOTRIMS: Magneto-Optical Trap Recoil Ion Momentum Spectroscopy -- 1. Introduction to MOTRIMS -- 2. Relative Total Electron Transfer Cross Sections -- 3. Case Studies in Total Electron Transfer Collisions -- 4. Case Studies of Differential Electron Transfer Cross Sections -- 5. Probing Excitation Dynamics -- 6. Future Applications -- 7. Concluding Comments -- 8. Acknowledgements -- 9. References -- Chapter 4. All-Order Methods for Relativistic Atomic Structure Calculations -- 1. Introduction and Overview -- 2. Relativistic Many-Body Perturbation Theory -- 3. Relativistic SD All-Order Method -- 4. Motivation for Further Development of the All-Order Method -- 5. Recent Developments in the Calculations of Monovalent Systems: Non-Linear Terms and Triple Excitations -- 6. Many-Particle Systems -- 7. Applications of High-Precision Calculations -- 8. Conclusion -- 9. Acknowledgements -- 10. References -- Chapter 5. B-splines in variational atomic structure calculations -- 1. Introduction -- 2. The Hartree-Fock Approximation. , 3. Multiconfiguration Hartree-Fock Approximation -- 4. B-Spline Theory -- 5. B-Spline Methods for the Many-Electron Hartree-Fock Problem -- 6. B-Spline MCHF Equations -- 7. Conclusion -- 8. Acknowledgements -- 9. References -- Chapter 6. Electron-ion collisions: Fundamental processes in the focus of applied research -- 1. Introduction -- 2. Basics of Electron-Ion Collisions -- 3. Experimental Access to Data -- 4. Overview of Experimental Results on Free-Electron-Ion Collisions -- 5. Conclusions -- 6. Acknowledgements -- 7. References -- Chapter 7. Robust probabilistic quantum information processing with atoms, photons, and atomic ensembles -- 1. Introduction -- 2. Quantum Communication with Atomic Ensembles -- 3. Quantum State Engineering with Realistic Linear Optics -- 4. Quantum Computation through Probabilistic Atom-Photon Operations -- 5. Summary -- 6. Acknowledgements -- 7. References -- Index -- Contents of Volumes in this Serial.