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  • 1
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Gender differences in patients with COVID-19: a narrative review
    PAGEPress Publications ; 2020
    In:  Monaldi Archives for Chest Disease Vol. 90, No. 2 ( 2020-05-25)
    Details
    In: Monaldi Archives for Chest Disease, PAGEPress Publications, Vol. 90, No. 2 ( 2020-05-25)
    Abstract: In December 2019 a novel coronavirus emerged in Wuhan, China causing many cases of severe pneumonia. World Health Organization (WHO) named this disease Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19). The infection has rapidly spread across China to many other countries, and on March 12, 2020 the WHO declared pandemic outbreak of COVID-19. As of May 16, 2020, COVID-19 has been diagnosed in more than 4,490,000 patients, associated to 305,976 deaths worldwide; in Italy 224,760 COVID-19 cases have been reported with 31,763 deaths. The main routes of transmission are respiratory droplets and direct contact with infected people, so numerous prevention strategies are employed to mitigate the spread of disease, including social distancing and isolation. The aim of this narrative review is to underline gender differences in epidemiology, etiopathogenesis, risk factors, clinical presentation, diagnosis, prognosis and mortality of patients infected with SARS-CoV-2. Currently data on the sex indicators for admitted or deceased patients are only available, but there is no analysis about other gender indicators. The data considered in our study are the only currently available in the literature, but it is appropriate to implement a specific analysis with all gender indicators to identify appropriate strategies. Moreover, the evaluation of a health service efficiency is a key element to define gender outcomes. Knowing the gender differences in COVID-19 outbreak would be a fundamental tool to understand the effects of a health emergency on individuals and communities as well as to carry out effective and equitable policies, public health measures and targeted solutions.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 2532-5264 , 1122-0643
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.4081/monaldi.2020.1389
    Language: Unknown
    Publisher: PAGEPress Publications
    Publication Date: 2020
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 2375904-5
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 2375907-0
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  • 2
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Gender differences in treatment of Coronavirus Disease-2019
    PAGEPress Publications ; 2020
    In:  Monaldi Archives for Chest Disease Vol. 90, No. 4 ( 2020-12-03)
    Details
    In: Monaldi Archives for Chest Disease, PAGEPress Publications, Vol. 90, No. 4 ( 2020-12-03)
    Abstract: Coronavirus Disease-2019 (COVID-19) is the worst worldwide pandemic with more than 12,000,000 cases and 560,000 deaths until 14th July 2020. Men were more infected by COVID-19 than women, and male subjects with underlying conditions, including diabetes, hypertension, and cardiovascular diseases developed a severe form of the affection, with increased mortality rate. Many factors can contribute to the disparity in disease outcomes, such as hormone-specific reaction and activity of X-linked genes, which modulate the innate and adaptive immune response to virus infection. Until now, only the Remdesivir was approved by FDA (Food Drug Administration) for COVID-19 treatment, although several clinical trials are ongoing worldwide also on other drugs. In this review, we analyzed published studies on several drugs (chloroquine or hydroxychloroquine, remdesivir, favipiravir, lopinavir-ritonavir in combination, tocilizumab, plasma, and immunoglobulins) with some efficacy to COVID-19 in humans, and evaluated if there were a gender analysis of the available data. In our opinion, it is essential to report data about COVID-19 disaggregated by sex, age, and race, because the knowledge of gender differences is fundamental to identify effective and customized treatments to reduce hospitalizations, admissions to intensive care units, and mortality.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 2532-5264 , 1122-0643
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.4081/monaldi.2020.1508
    Language: Unknown
    Publisher: PAGEPress Publications
    Publication Date: 2020
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 2375904-5
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 2375907-0
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  • 3
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Gender differences in vaccine therapy: where are we in COVID-19 pandemic?
    PAGEPress Publications ; 2021
    In:  Monaldi Archives for Chest Disease ( 2021-04-08)
    Details
    In: Monaldi Archives for Chest Disease, PAGEPress Publications, ( 2021-04-08)
    Abstract: Vaccination is one of the greatest achievements of public health. Vaccination programs have contributed to the decline in mortality and morbidity of various infectious diseases. This review aims to investigate the impact of sex/gender on the vaccine acceptance, responses, and outcomes. The studies were identified by using PubMed, until 30th June 2020. The search was performed by using the following keywords: SARS-CoV-2, COVID-19, gender, sex, vaccine, adverse reaction. Clinical trials, retrospective and prospective studies were included. Studies written in languages other than English were excluded. Studies were included if gender differences in response to vaccination trials were reported. All selected studies were qualitatively analyzed. Innate recognition and response to viruses, as well as, adaptive immune responses during viral infections, differ between females and males. Unfortunately, a majority of vaccine trials have focused on healthy people, with ages between 18 to 65 years, excluding the elderly, pregnant women, post-menopausal female and children. In conclusion, it is apparent that the design of vaccines and vaccine strategies should be sex-specific, to reduce adverse reactions in females and increase immunogenicity in males. It should be mandatory to examine sex-related variables in pre-clinical and clinical vaccine trials, such as their crucial role for successful prevention of pandemic COVID-19.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 2532-5264 , 1122-0643
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.4081/monaldi.2021.1669
    Language: Unknown
    Publisher: PAGEPress Publications
    Publication Date: 2021
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 2375904-5
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 2375907-0
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  • 4
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Gender differences and chronic obstructive pulmonary disease: an update on the literature
    PAGEPress Publications ; 2018
    In:  Italian Journal of Medicine Vol. 12, No. 3 ( 2018-09-10), p. 171-179
    Details
    In: Italian Journal of Medicine, PAGEPress Publications, Vol. 12, No. 3 ( 2018-09-10), p. 171-179
    Abstract: Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) has traditionally been viewed as a disease affecting older men with a history of smoking, while being neglected and under-diagnosed in women. This scenario has changed in recent years as there has been a steady increase in COPD prevalence and mortality rates in women. The increased prevalence of COPD among women is likely attributable to several factors including the increased rates of cigarette smoking observed in women during recent years, exposure to indoor air pollution as well as increased occupational exposures since women take on previously male-dominated occupational roles related to risk exposure. In this review we have analyzed the difference in COPD phenotypes and features related to gender difference.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 1877-9352 , 1877-9344
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.4081/itjm.2018.987
    Language: Unknown
    Publisher: PAGEPress Publications
    Publication Date: 2018
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 2515650-0
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  • 5
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Gender differences in ischemic stroke intra-hospital mortality: a systematic review
    PAGEPress Publications ; 2021
    In:  Italian Journal of Medicine Vol. 15, No. 2 ( 2021-06-30)
    Details
    In: Italian Journal of Medicine, PAGEPress Publications, Vol. 15, No. 2 ( 2021-06-30)
    Abstract: The aim was to evaluate whether intra-hospital mortality from ischemic stroke is different in female patients. Methods. Studies were found in PubMed, Web of Science. We excluded 119 records because they did not include relevant reports or data. Studies were eligible for inclusion if enrolled adult patients with ischemic stroke and if the odds ratio (OR) of intra-hospital mortality in females compared to males is provided. Three retrospective cohort studies were eligible for inclusion criteria and so were included in the analysis. Findings: the random effect model showed a pooled significant higher risk of intra-hospital mortality [OR 1.34 (95% confidence interval 1.04, 1.74), P=0.026] in the female group compared to the male group. Our systematic review shows that intra-hospital mortality was significantly higher in female subjects compared to male.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 1877-9352 , 1877-9344
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.4081/itjm.2021.1378
    Language: Unknown
    Publisher: PAGEPress Publications
    Publication Date: 2021
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 2515650-0
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  • 6
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Management of syncope: from evidence to clinical practice
    PAGEPress Publications ; 2016
    In:  Italian Journal of Medicine Vol. 10 ( 2016-06-17)
    Details
    In: Italian Journal of Medicine, PAGEPress Publications, Vol. 10 ( 2016-06-17)
    Abstract: Syncope is defined as a transient loss of consciousness (T-LOC) due to temporary global cerebral hypoperfusion. It is characterized by rapid onset, short duration, loss of postural tone possibly causing patient fall, and spontaneous full recovery. Syncope has a high prevalence and incidence within the general population with a relevant impact on both quality of life and health care costs. The diagnosis of syncope is often inaccurate and subject to delay, and management is greatly variable. The main objective of this monograph is to discuss a methodological diagnostic approach to signs and symptoms suggestive of syncope, aiming for a management optimization. The present work is based on a systematic review of recent international guidelines.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 1877-9352 , 1877-9344
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.4081/itjm.2016.732
    Language: Unknown
    Publisher: PAGEPress Publications
    Publication Date: 2016
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 2515650-0
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  • 7
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Gender differences in chronic obstructive pulmonary disease: an analysis of hospitalization indicators
    PAGEPress Publications ; 2019
    In:  Italian Journal of Medicine Vol. 13, No. 1 ( 2019-03-06), p. 38-44
    Details
    In: Italian Journal of Medicine, PAGEPress Publications, Vol. 13, No. 1 ( 2019-03-06), p. 38-44
    Abstract: Compared to the last two decades, an increase in chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) prevalence, morbidity, mortality and disability has clearly emerged among women both in Europe and in all other countries. Despite this evidence, in the international guidelines for COPD there are no sex-specific recommendations. The aim of this study is to evaluate gender differences in patients hospitalized for COPD in Puglia (Italy), with regard to number of admissions, mean age, average length of stay in hospital (ALOS), hospital mortality, re-hospitalization and presence of comorbidities. To identify COPD hospitalized patients, we relied on the Puglia Hospital Discharge Register Database. We included all patients discharged with principal diagnosis of COPD with or without exacerbation (respectively ICD-9-CM codes 491.21 and 491.20) between 2005 and 2016. There has been an increase in the proportion of women’s hospitalizations for COPD, from 2005 [31.9%, 95% confidence interval (CI) 31.1-32.7] to 2016 (37.9%, 95%CI 36.0-40.0). Women need longer hospitalization and in 2016 the proportion of women’s re-hospitalization was greater compared to men. Despite these data, women are less treated with respiratory therapy (ICD-9- CM 93.9x) than men in all the examined years and wards. The prevalence of most common comorbidities is higher among women. The number of COPD hospitalized patients had been reduced in Puglia between 2005 and 2016, with an important increase of female COPD patients, female average age, ALOS and re-hospitalization. Women are treated less and have more comorbidities with a negative impact on clinical progression of COPD, survival and quality of life.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 1877-9352 , 1877-9344
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.4081/itjm.2019.1099
    Language: Unknown
    Publisher: PAGEPress Publications
    Publication Date: 2019
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 2515650-0
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  • 8
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    The polycystic ovary syndrome: an example of obesity-related cardiovascular complication affecting young women
    PAGEPress Publications ; 2016
    In:  Monaldi Archives for Chest Disease Vol. 66, No. 1 ( 2016-02-05)
    Details
    In: Monaldi Archives for Chest Disease, PAGEPress Publications, Vol. 66, No. 1 ( 2016-02-05)
    Abstract: Polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) is a good example of obesity-related cardiovascular complication affecting young women. PCOS is not only considered a reproductive problem but rather represents a complex endocrine, multifaceted syndrome with important health implications. Several evidences suggest an increased cardiovascular risk of cardiovascular disease associated with this syndrome, characterized by an impairment of heart structure and function, endothelial dysfunction and lipid abnormalities. All these features, probably linked to insulin-resistance, are often present in obese PCOS patients. Cardiovascular abnormalities represent important long-term sequelae of PCOS that need further investigations.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 2532-5264 , 1122-0643
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.4081/monaldi.2006.540
    Language: Unknown
    Publisher: PAGEPress Publications
    Publication Date: 2016
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 2375904-5
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 2375907-0
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