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  • 1
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    Validation of the OAKS prognostic model for acute kidney injury after gastrointestinal surgery
    Oxford University Press (OUP) ; 2022
    In:  BJS Open Vol. 6, No. 1 ( 2022-01-06)
    Details
    In: BJS Open, Oxford University Press (OUP), Vol. 6, No. 1 ( 2022-01-06)
    Abstract: Postoperative acute kidney injury (AKI) is a common complication of major gastrointestinal surgery with an impact on short- and long-term survival. No validated system for risk stratification exists for this patient group. This study aimed to validate externally a prognostic model for AKI after major gastrointestinal surgery in two multicentre cohort studies. Methods The Outcomes After Kidney injury in Surgery (OAKS) prognostic model was developed to predict risk of AKI in the 7 days after surgery using six routine datapoints (age, sex, ASA grade, preoperative estimated glomerular filtration rate, planned open surgery and preoperative use of either an angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitor or an angiotensin receptor blocker). Validation was performed within two independent cohorts: a prospective multicentre, international study (‘IMAGINE’) of patients undergoing elective colorectal surgery (2018); and a retrospective regional cohort study (‘Tayside’) in major abdominal surgery (2011–2015). Multivariable logistic regression was used to predict risk of AKI, with multiple imputation used to account for data missing at random. Prognostic accuracy was assessed for patients at high risk (greater than 20 per cent) of postoperative AKI. Results In the validation cohorts, 12.9 per cent of patients (661 of 5106) in IMAGINE and 14.7 per cent (106 of 719 patients) in Tayside developed 7-day postoperative AKI. Using the OAKS model, 558 patients (9.6 per cent) were classified as high risk. Less than 10 per cent of patients classified as low-risk developed AKI in either cohort (negative predictive value greater than 0.9). Upon external validation, the OAKS model retained an area under the receiver operating characteristic (AUC) curve of range 0.655–0.681 (Tayside 95 per cent c.i. 0.596 to 0.714; IMAGINE 95 per cent c.i. 0.659 to 0.703), sensitivity values range 0.323–0.352 (IMAGINE 95 per cent c.i. 0.281 to 0.368; Tayside 95 per cent c.i. 0.253 to 0.461), and specificity range 0.881–0.890 (Tayside 95 per cent c.i. 0.853 to 0.905; IMAGINE 95 per cent c.i. 0.881 to 0.899). Conclusion The OAKS prognostic model can identify patients who are not at high risk of postoperative AKI after gastrointestinal surgery with high specificity. Presented to Association of Surgeons in Training (ASiT) International Conference 2018 (Edinburgh, UK), European Society of Coloproctology (ESCP) International Conference 2018 (Nice, France), SARS (Society of Academic and Research Surgery) 2020 (Virtual, UK).
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 2474-9842
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.1093/bjsopen/zrab150
    Language: English
    Publisher: Oxford University Press (OUP)
    Publication Date: 2022
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 2902033-5
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  • 2
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    Safety of hospital discharge before return of bowel function after elective colorectal surgery
    Oxford University Press (OUP) ; 2020
    In:  British Journal of Surgery Vol. 107, No. 5 ( 2020-03-18), p. 552-559
    Details
    In: British Journal of Surgery, Oxford University Press (OUP), Vol. 107, No. 5 ( 2020-03-18), p. 552-559
    Abstract: Ileus is common after colorectal surgery and is associated with an increased risk of postoperative complications. Identifying features of normal bowel recovery and the appropriateness for hospital discharge is challenging. This study explored the safety of hospital discharge before the return of bowel function. Methods A prospective, multicentre cohort study was undertaken across an international collaborative network. Adult patients undergoing elective colorectal resection between January and April 2018 were included. The main outcome of interest was readmission to hospital within 30 days of surgery. The impact of discharge timing according to the return of bowel function was explored using multivariable regression analysis. Other outcomes were postoperative complications within 30 days of surgery, measured using the Clavien–Dindo classification system. Results A total of 3288 patients were included in the analysis, of whom 301 (9·2 per cent) were discharged before the return of bowel function. The median duration of hospital stay for patients discharged before and after return of bowel function was 5 (i.q.r. 4–7) and 7 (6–8) days respectively (P & lt; 0·001). There were no significant differences in rates of readmission between these groups (6·6 versus 8·0 per cent; P = 0·499), and this remained the case after multivariable adjustment for baseline differences (odds ratio 0·90, 95 per cent c.i. 0·55 to 1·46; P = 0·659). Rates of postoperative complications were also similar in those discharged before versus after return of bowel function (minor: 34·7 versus 39·5 per cent; major 3·3 versus 3·4 per cent; P = 0·110). Conclusion Discharge before return of bowel function after elective colorectal surgery appears to be safe in appropriately selected patients.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 0007-1323 , 1365-2168
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.1002/bjs.11422
    Language: English
    Publisher: Oxford University Press (OUP)
    Publication Date: 2020
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 2006309-X
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  • 3
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    Large expert-curated database for benchmarking document similarity detection in biomedical literature search
    Oxford University Press (OUP) ; 2019
    In:  Database Vol. 2019 ( 2019-01-01)
    Details
    In: Database, Oxford University Press (OUP), Vol. 2019 ( 2019-01-01)
    Abstract: Document recommendation systems for locating relevant literature have mostly relied on methods developed a decade ago. This is largely due to the lack of a large offline gold-standard benchmark of relevant documents that cover a variety of research fields such that newly developed literature search techniques can be compared, improved and translated into practice. To overcome this bottleneck, we have established the RElevant LIterature SearcH consortium consisting of more than 1500 scientists from 84 countries, who have collectively annotated the relevance of over 180 000 PubMed-listed articles with regard to their respective seed (input) article/s. The majority of annotations were contributed by highly experienced, original authors of the seed articles. The collected data cover 76% of all unique PubMed Medical Subject Headings descriptors. No systematic biases were observed across different experience levels, research fields or time spent on annotations. More importantly, annotations of the same document pairs contributed by different scientists were highly concordant. We further show that the three representative baseline methods used to generate recommended articles for evaluation (Okapi Best Matching 25, Term Frequency–Inverse Document Frequency and PubMed Related Articles) had similar overall performances. Additionally, we found that these methods each tend to produce distinct collections of recommended articles, suggesting that a hybrid method may be required to completely capture all relevant articles. The established database server located at https://relishdb.ict.griffith.edu.au is freely available for the downloading of annotation data and the blind testing of new methods. We expect that this benchmark will be useful for stimulating the development of new powerful techniques for title and title/abstract-based search engines for relevant articles in biomedical research.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 1758-0463
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.1093/database/baz085
    Language: English
    Publisher: Oxford University Press (OUP)
    Publication Date: 2019
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 2496706-3
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  • 4
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    Intraperitoneal drain placement and outcomes after elective colorectal surgery: international matched, prospective, cohort study
    Oxford University Press (OUP) ; 2022
    In:  British Journal of Surgery Vol. 109, No. 6 ( 2022-05-16), p. 520-529
    Details
    In: British Journal of Surgery, Oxford University Press (OUP), Vol. 109, No. 6 ( 2022-05-16), p. 520-529
    Abstract: Many surgeons routinely place intraperitoneal drains after elective colorectal surgery. However, enhanced recovery after surgery guidelines recommend against their routine use owing to a lack of clear clinical benefit. This study aimed to describe international variation in intraperitoneal drain placement and the safety of this practice. Methods COMPASS (COMPlicAted intra-abdominal collectionS after colorectal Surgery) was a prospective, international, cohort study which enrolled consecutive adults undergoing elective colorectal surgery (February to March 2020). The primary outcome was the rate of intraperitoneal drain placement. Secondary outcomes included: rate and time to diagnosis of postoperative intraperitoneal collections; rate of surgical site infections (SSIs); time to discharge; and 30-day major postoperative complications (Clavien–Dindo grade at least III). After propensity score matching, multivariable logistic regression and Cox proportional hazards regression were used to estimate the independent association of the secondary outcomes with drain placement. Results Overall, 1805 patients from 22 countries were included (798 women, 44.2 per cent; median age 67.0 years). The drain insertion rate was 51.9 per cent (937 patients). After matching, drains were not associated with reduced rates (odds ratio (OR) 1.33, 95 per cent c.i. 0.79 to 2.23; P = 0.287) or earlier detection (hazard ratio (HR) 0.87, 0.33 to 2.31; P = 0.780) of collections. Although not associated with worse major postoperative complications (OR 1.09, 0.68 to 1.75; P = 0.709), drains were associated with delayed hospital discharge (HR 0.58, 0.52 to 0.66; P & lt; 0.001) and an increased risk of SSIs (OR 2.47, 1.50 to 4.05; P & lt; 0.001). Conclusion Intraperitoneal drain placement after elective colorectal surgery is not associated with earlier detection of postoperative collections, but prolongs hospital stay and increases SSI risk.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 0007-1323 , 1365-2168
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.1093/bjs/znac069
    Language: English
    Publisher: Oxford University Press (OUP)
    Publication Date: 2022
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 2006309-X
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  • 5
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    Characteristics of amnestic patients with hypometabolism patterns suggestive of Lewy body pathology
    Oxford University Press (OUP) ; 2023
    In:  Brain ( 2023-06-07)
    Details
    In: Brain, Oxford University Press (OUP), ( 2023-06-07)
    Abstract: A clinical diagnosis of Alzheimer’s disease dementia (ADD) encompasses considerable pathological and clinical heterogeneity. While Alzheimer’s disease patients typically show a characteristic temporo-parietal pattern of glucose hypometabolism on 18F-fluorodeoxyglucose (FDG)-PET imaging, previous studies have identified a subset of patients showing a distinct posterior-occipital hypometabolism pattern associated with Lewy body pathology. Here, we aimed to improve the understanding of the clinical relevance of these posterior-occipital FDG-PET patterns in patients with Alzheimer’s disease-like amnestic presentations. Our study included 1214 patients with clinical diagnoses of ADD (n = 305) or amnestic mild cognitive impairment (aMCI, n = 909) from the Alzheimer’s Disease Neuroimaging Initiative, who had FDG-PET scans available. Individual FDG-PET scans were classified as being suggestive of Alzheimer’s (AD-like) or Lewy body (LB-like) pathology by using a logistic regression classifier trained on a separate set of patients with autopsy-confirmed Alzheimer’s disease or Lewy body pathology. AD- and LB-like subgroups were compared on amyloid-β and tau-PET, domain-specific cognitive profiles (memory versus executive function performance), as well as the presence of hallucinations and their evolution over follow-up (≈6 years for aMCI, ≈3 years for ADD). Around 12% of the aMCI and ADD patients were classified as LB-like. For both aMCI and ADD patients, the LB-like group showed significantly lower regional tau-PET burden than the AD-like subgroup, but amyloid-β load was only significantly lower in the aMCI LB-like subgroup. LB- and AD-like subgroups did not significantly differ in global cognition (aMCI: d = 0.15, P = 0.16; ADD: d = 0.02, P = 0.90), but LB-like patients exhibited a more dysexecutive cognitive profile relative to the memory deficit (aMCI: d = 0.35, P = 0.01; ADD: d = 0.85 P & lt; 0.001), and had a significantly higher risk of developing hallucinations over follow-up [aMCI: hazard ratio = 1.8, 95% confidence interval = (1.29, 3.04), P = 0.02; ADD: hazard ratio = 2.2, 95% confidence interval = (1.53, 4.06) P = 0.01]. In summary, a sizeable group of clinically diagnosed ADD and aMCI patients exhibit posterior-occipital FDG-PET patterns typically associated with Lewy body pathology, and these also show less abnormal Alzheimer’s disease biomarkers as well as specific clinical features typically associated with dementia with Lewy bodies.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 0006-8950 , 1460-2156
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.1093/brain/awad194
    RVK:
    XA 10000
    Language: English
    Publisher: Oxford University Press (OUP)
    Publication Date: 2023
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 1474117-9
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  • 6
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    Safety and efficacy of non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs to reduce ileus after colorectal surgery
    Oxford University Press (OUP) ; 2020
    In:  British Journal of Surgery Vol. 107, No. 2 ( 2020-01-05), p. e161-e169
    Details
    In: British Journal of Surgery, Oxford University Press (OUP), Vol. 107, No. 2 ( 2020-01-05), p. e161-e169
    Abstract: Ileus is common after elective colorectal surgery, and is associated with increased adverse events and prolonged hospital stay. The aim was to assess the role of non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) for reducing ileus after surgery. Methods A prospective multicentre cohort study was delivered by an international, student- and trainee-led collaborative group. Adult patients undergoing elective colorectal resection between January and April 2018 were included. The primary outcome was time to gastrointestinal recovery, measured using a composite measure of bowel function and tolerance to oral intake. The impact of NSAIDs was explored using Cox regression analyses, including the results of a centre-specific survey of compliance to enhanced recovery principles. Secondary safety outcomes included anastomotic leak rate and acute kidney injury. Results A total of 4164 patients were included, with a median age of 68 (i.q.r. 57–75) years (54·9 per cent men). Some 1153 (27·7 per cent) received NSAIDs on postoperative days 1–3, of whom 1061 (92·0 per cent) received non-selective cyclo-oxygenase inhibitors. After adjustment for baseline differences, the mean time to gastrointestinal recovery did not differ significantly between patients who received NSAIDs and those who did not (4·6 versus 4·8 days; hazard ratio 1·04, 95 per cent c.i. 0·96 to 1·12; P = 0·360). There were no significant differences in anastomotic leak rate (5·4 versus 4·6 per cent; P = 0·349) or acute kidney injury (14·3 versus 13·8 per cent; P = 0·666) between the groups. Significantly fewer patients receiving NSAIDs required strong opioid analgesia (35·3 versus 56·7 per cent; P & lt; 0·001). Conclusion NSAIDs did not reduce the time for gastrointestinal recovery after colorectal surgery, but they were safe and associated with reduced postoperative opioid requirement.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 0007-1323 , 1365-2168
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.1002/bjs.11326
    Language: English
    Publisher: Oxford University Press (OUP)
    Publication Date: 2020
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  • 7
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    Serum Sodium and Pulse Pressure in SPRINT
    Oxford University Press (OUP) ; 2019
    In:  American Journal of Hypertension Vol. 32, No. 7 ( 2019-06-11), p. 649-656
    Details
    In: American Journal of Hypertension, Oxford University Press (OUP), Vol. 32, No. 7 ( 2019-06-11), p. 649-656
    Abstract: High dietary sodium intake may induce a small, yet physiologically relevant rise in serum sodium concentration, which associates with increased systolic blood pressure. Cellular data suggest that this association is mediated by increased endothelial cell stiffness. We hypothesized that higher serum sodium levels were associated with greater arterial stiffness in participants in the Systolic Blood Pressure Intervention Trial (SPRINT). METHODS Multivariable linear regression was used to examine the association between baseline serum sodium level and (i) pulse pressure (PP; n = 8,813; a surrogate measure of arterial stiffness) and (ii) carotid–femoral pulse wave velocity (CFPWV; n = 591 in an ancillary study to SPRINT). RESULTS Baseline mean ± SD age was 68 ± 9 years and serum sodium level was 140 ± 2 mmol/L. In the PP analysis, higher serum sodium was associated with increased baseline PP in the fully adjusted model (tertile 3 [≥141 mmol] vs. tertile 2 [139–140 mmol] ; β = 0.87, 95% CI = 0.32 to 1.43). Results were similar in those with and without chronic kidney disease. In the ancillary study, higher baseline serum sodium was not associated with increased baseline CFPWV in the fully adjusted model (β = 0.35, 95% CI = –0.14 to 0.84). CONCLUSIONS Among adults at high risk for cardiovascular events but free from diabetes, higher serum sodium was independently associated with baseline arterial stiffness in SPRINT, as measured by PP, but not by CFPWV. These results suggest that high serum sodium may be a marker of risk for increased PP, a surrogate index of arterial stiffness.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 0895-7061 , 1941-7225
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.1093/ajh/hpz055
    Language: English
    Publisher: Oxford University Press (OUP)
    Publication Date: 2019
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 1479505-X
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  • 8
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    Discrimination of wine lactic acid bacteria by Raman spectroscopy
    Oxford University Press (OUP) ; 2017
    In:  Journal of Industrial Microbiology and Biotechnology Vol. 44, No. 8 ( 2017-08-01), p. 1167-1175
    Details
    In: Journal of Industrial Microbiology and Biotechnology, Oxford University Press (OUP), Vol. 44, No. 8 ( 2017-08-01), p. 1167-1175
    Abstract: Species of Lactobacillus, Pediococcus, Oenococcus, and Leuconostoc play an important role in winemaking, as either inoculants or contaminants. The metabolic products of these lactic acid bacteria have considerable effects on the flavor, aroma, and texture of a wine. However, analysis of a wine’s microflora, especially the bacteria, is rarely done unless spoilage becomes evident, and identification at the species or strain level is uncommon as the methods required are technically difficult and expensive. In this work, we used Raman spectral fingerprints to discriminate 19 strains of Lactobacillus, Pediococcus, and Oenococcus. Species of Lactobacillus and Pediococcus and strains of O. oeni and P. damnosus were classified with high sensitivity: 86–90 and 84–85%, respectively. Our results demonstrate that a simple, inexpensive method utilizing Raman spectroscopy can be used to accurately identify lactic acid bacteria isolated from wine.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 1476-5535 , 1367-5435
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.1007/s10295-017-1943-y
    Language: English
    Publisher: Oxford University Press (OUP)
    Publication Date: 2017
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 1482484-X
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  • 9
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    Serologic Response to Inactivated Poliovirus Vaccine: A Randomized Clinical Trial Comparing 2 Vaccination Schedules in Puerto Rico
    Oxford University Press (OUP) ; 2007
    In:  The Journal of Infectious Diseases Vol. 195, No. 1 ( 2007-01), p. 12-20
    Details
    In: The Journal of Infectious Diseases, Oxford University Press (OUP), Vol. 195, No. 1 ( 2007-01), p. 12-20
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 0022-1899 , 1537-6613
    URL: Issue
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.1086/jid.2007.195.issue-1
    DOI: 10.1086/508427
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    Language: English
    Publisher: Oxford University Press (OUP)
    Publication Date: 2007
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 1473843-0
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  • 10
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    Reaction Coronas at Olivine–Plagioclase Contacts in Host Rocks from the Nova–Bollinger Ni–Cu–Co Deposit, Albany–Fraser Orogen, Western Australia: Evidence of a Magmatic to Metamorphic Continuum
    Oxford University Press (OUP) ; 2021
    In:  Journal of Petrology Vol. 62, No. 9 ( 2021-09-30)
    Details
    In: Journal of Petrology, Oxford University Press (OUP), Vol. 62, No. 9 ( 2021-09-30)
    Abstract: A prominent feature of the cumulate rocks of the Nova intrusions is the presence of reaction coronas between olivine and plagioclase. A particular spatial arrangement of mineral textures, typical of olivine–plagioclase coronas in high-P troctolites and olivine gabbros worldwide, is almost universally observed: partially resorbed olivine with a cuspate margin, surrounded by orthopyroxene, surrounded by a zone of symplectite comprising hornblende + clinopyroxene, orthopyroxene and Cr-poor Al–(Fe, Mg) spinel, with a cuspate boundary against plagioclase. Where amphibole-free clinopyroxene–spinel symplectite is developed it is typically as an outer layer against plagioclase. The mineralogy and composition of these coronas has been revealed by a combination of scanning electron microscopy and synchrotron X-ray fluorescence microscopy. There is a close spatial association between reaction symplectites and Bowen reaction series sequences developed by reaction between cumulus phases and fractionated trapped interstitial melt, giving rise to local Cr and Ti enrichment within the coronas relative to olivine and plagioclase, accompanying enrichment in water recorded by stabilization of amphibole. These relationships imply that trapped liquid crystallization and corona formation were part of a process continuum, such that the coronas record mineral reactions close to the solidus temperature of the cumulates, initially developing in the presence of evolved hydrous interstitial liquid and continuing to develop in the solid state below the solidus. The symplectites owe their fine microstructure to diffusion-limited growth of the products of solid-state reactions below the solidus. The initial magmatic stage of corona formation records conditions of 0·76 and 0·96 GPa and around 1035 °C based on THERMOCALC pseudosections calculated for the bulk composition of the corona assemblage. Two-pyroxene assemblages within the symplectites record temperatures around 850–900 °C and pressures between 0·7 and 1·1 GPa. These pressure estimates are in good agreement with those obtained from regional metamorphism studies of the country rock paragneisses, confirming independent lines of evidence that the Nova intrusions were syn-metamorphic, emplaced under granulite-facies peak metamorphic conditions at crustal depths of 28–35 km. The unusually extensive development of the symplectites reflects the cooling history of the intrusions, which remained at temperatures close to solidus temperatures on the timescale of regional tectonic uplift and cooling of the deep roots of the orogen.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 0022-3530 , 1460-2415
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.1093/petrology/egab055
    RVK:
    RB 10121
    Language: English
    Publisher: Oxford University Press (OUP)
    Publication Date: 2021
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 1466724-1
    SSG: 13
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