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  • Oxford University Press (OUP)  (306)
  • 1
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    Prospective observational cohort study on grading the severity of postoperative complications in global surgery research
    Oxford University Press (OUP) ; 2019
    In:  British Journal of Surgery Vol. 106, No. 2 ( 2019-01-08), p. e73-e80
    Details
    In: British Journal of Surgery, Oxford University Press (OUP), Vol. 106, No. 2 ( 2019-01-08), p. e73-e80
    Abstract: The Clavien–Dindo classification is perhaps the most widely used approach for reporting postoperative complications in clinical trials. This system classifies complication severity by the treatment provided. However, it is unclear whether the Clavien–Dindo system can be used internationally in studies across differing healthcare systems in high- (HICs) and low- and middle-income countries (LMICs). Methods This was a secondary analysis of the International Surgical Outcomes Study (ISOS), a prospective observational cohort study of elective surgery in adults. Data collection occurred over a 7-day period. Severity of complications was graded using Clavien–Dindo and the simpler ISOS grading (mild, moderate or severe, based on guided investigator judgement). Severity grading was compared using the intraclass correlation coefficient (ICC). Data are presented as frequencies and ICC values (with 95 per cent c.i.). The analysis was stratified by income status of the country, comparing HICs with LMICs. Results A total of 44 814 patients were recruited from 474 hospitals in 27 countries (19 HICs and 8 LMICs). Some 7508 patients (16·8 per cent) experienced at least one postoperative complication, equivalent to 11 664 complications in total. Using the ISOS classification, 5504 of 11 664 complications (47·2 per cent) were graded as mild, 4244 (36·4 per cent) as moderate and 1916 (16·4 per cent) as severe. Using Clavien–Dindo, 6781 of 11 664 complications (58·1 per cent) were graded as I or II, 1740 (14·9 per cent) as III, 2408 (20·6 per cent) as IV and 735 (6·3 per cent) as V. Agreement between classification systems was poor overall (ICC 0·41, 95 per cent c.i. 0·20 to 0·55), and in LMICs (ICC 0·23, 0·05 to 0·38) and HICs (ICC 0·46, 0·25 to 0·59). Conclusion Caution is recommended when using a treatment approach to grade complications in global surgery studies, as this may introduce bias unintentionally.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 0007-1323 , 1365-2168
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.1002/bjs.11025
    Language: English
    Publisher: Oxford University Press (OUP)
    Publication Date: 2019
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 2006309-X
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  • 2
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    Cut-off values of haemoglobin and clinical outcomes in incident peritoneal dialysis: the PDTAP study
    Oxford University Press (OUP) ; 2024
    In:  Nephrology Dialysis Transplantation Vol. 39, No. 2 ( 2024-01-31), p. 251-263
    Details
    In: Nephrology Dialysis Transplantation, Oxford University Press (OUP), Vol. 39, No. 2 ( 2024-01-31), p. 251-263
    Abstract: To explore the cut-off values of haemoglobin (Hb) on adverse clinical outcomes in incident peritoneal dialysis (PD) patients based on a national-level database. Methods The observational cohort study was from the Peritoneal Dialysis Telemedicine-assisted Platform (PDTAP) dataset. The primary outcomes were all-cause mortality, major adverse cardiovascular events (MACE) and modified MACE (MACE+). The secondary outcomes were the occurrences of hospitalization, first-episode peritonitis and permanent transfer to haemodialysis (HD). Results A total of 2591 PD patients were enrolled between June 2016 and April 2019 and followed up until December 2020. Baseline and time-averaged Hb & lt;100 g/l were associated with all-cause mortality, MACE, MACE+ and hospitalizations. After multivariable adjustments, only time-averaged Hb & lt;100 g/l significantly predicted a higher risk for all-cause mortality {hazard ratio [HR] 1.83 [95% confidence interval (CI) 1.19–281] , P = .006}, MACE [HR 1.99 (95% CI 1.16–3.40), P = .012] and MACE+ [HR 1.77 (95% CI 1.15–2.73), P = .010] in the total cohort. No associations between Hb and hospitalizations, transfer to HD and first-episode peritonitis were observed. Among patients with Hb ≥100 g/l at baseline, younger age, female, use of iron supplementation, lower values of serum albumin and renal Kt/V independently predicted the incidence of Hb & lt;100 g/l during the follow-up. Conclusion This study provided real-world evidence on the cut-off value of Hb for predicting poorer outcomes through a nation-level prospective PD cohort.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 0931-0509 , 1460-2385
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.1093/ndt/gfad166
    Language: English
    Publisher: Oxford University Press (OUP)
    Publication Date: 2024
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 1465709-0
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  • 3
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    A pilot study: Gut microbiota, metabolism and inflammation in hypertensive intracerebral haemorrhage
    Oxford University Press (OUP) ; 2022
    In:  Journal of Applied Microbiology Vol. 133, No. 2 ( 2022-08-01), p. 972-986
    Details
    In: Journal of Applied Microbiology, Oxford University Press (OUP), Vol. 133, No. 2 ( 2022-08-01), p. 972-986
    Abstract: In recent years, the incidence rate of hypertensive intracerebral haemorrhage (HICH) has been increasing, accompanied by high mortality and morbidity, which has brought a heavy burden to the social economy. However, the pathogenesis of HICH is still unclear. This study intends to explore the mechanism of gut microbiota metabolism and inflammation in the process of HICH to provide a theoretical basis for the diagnosis and treatment of HICH. Methods and Results HE staining showed that the brain tissues of model group had obvious oedema injury, which indicated that the HICH model was successfully constructed. ELISA analysis showed that IL-1β and TNF-α levels in blood and brain tissues were significantly increased, and IL-10 level was significantly decreased in blood. IHC analysis showed that microglia and macrophages were activated in the model group. 16S rRNA sequence showed that the diversity of gut microbiota in HICH patients decreased. Also, the microbiota belonging to Firmicutes, Proteobacteria and Verrucomicrobia changed significantly. LC–MS/MS analysis showed that the metabolic phenotype of HICH patients changed. Also, the 3,7-dimethyluric acid- and 7-methylxanthine-related metabolic pathways of caffeine metabolism pathways were downregulated in patients with HICH. Bacteroides was negatively correlated with the IL-1β and TNF-α levels. Blautia was negatively correlated with the IL-1β and TNF-α levels, and positively correlated with the IL-10 level. Akkermansia was negatively correlated with the 3,7-dimethyluric acid and 7-methylxanthine. Conclusion Our study suggested that HICH was accompanied by the increased inflammation marker levels in peripheral blood and brain, decreased gut microbiota diversity, altered gut metabolic phenotype and downregulation of caffeine metabolism pathway. Significance and Impact of the Study Our study reported that HICH accompanied by the increased inflammation, decreased gut microbiota diversity and altered gut metabolic phenotype. Due to the number of patients, this work was a pilot study.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 1365-2672 , 1364-5072
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.1111/jam.15622
    Language: English
    Publisher: Oxford University Press (OUP)
    Publication Date: 2022
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 2020421-8
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  • 4
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    HIVEP3 inhibits fate decision of CD8+ invariant NKT cells after positive selection
    Oxford University Press (OUP) ; 2023
    In:  Journal of Leukocyte Biology Vol. 114, No. 4 ( 2023-09-27), p. 335-346
    Details
    In: Journal of Leukocyte Biology, Oxford University Press (OUP), Vol. 114, No. 4 ( 2023-09-27), p. 335-346
    Abstract: CD8+ invariant natural killer T (iNKT) cells are functionally different from other iNKT cells and are enriched in human but not in mouse. To date, their developmental pathway and molecular basis for fate decision remain unclear. Here, we report enrichment of CD8+ iNKT cells in neonatal mice due to their more rapid maturation kinetics than CD8− iNKT cells. Along developmental trajectories, CD8+ and CD8− iNKT cells separate at stage 0, following stage 0 double-positive iNKT cells, and differ in HIVEP3 expression. HIVEP3 is lowly expressed in stage 0 CD8+ iNKT cells and negatively controls their development, whereas it is highly expressed in stage 0 CD8− iNKT cells and positively controls their development. Despite no effect on IFN-γ, HIVEP3 inhibits granzyme B but promotes interleukin-4 production in CD8+ iNKT cells. Together, we reveal that, as a negative regulator for CD8+ iNKT fate decision, low expression of HIVEP3 in stage 0 CD8+ iNKT cells favors their development and T helper 1–biased cytokine responses as well as high cytotoxicity.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 1938-3673
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.1093/jleuko/qiad082
    Language: English
    Publisher: Oxford University Press (OUP)
    Publication Date: 2023
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 2026833-6
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  • 5
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    Evolution of hypervirulence in carbapenem-resistant Klebsiella pneumoniae in China: a multicentre, molecular epidemiological analysis
    Oxford University Press (OUP) ; 2020
    In:  Journal of Antimicrobial Chemotherapy Vol. 75, No. 2 ( 2020-02-01), p. 327-336
    Details
    In: Journal of Antimicrobial Chemotherapy, Oxford University Press (OUP), Vol. 75, No. 2 ( 2020-02-01), p. 327-336
    Abstract: Carbapenem-resistant hypervirulent Klebsiella pneumoniae (CR-hvKP) have been increasingly reported in China. Here, a multicentre, longitudinal surveillance study on CR-hvKP is described. Methods We retrospectively investigated carbapenem-resistant K. pneumoniae (CRKP) in 56 centres across China during 2015–17 and screened the virulence genes (iucA, iroN, rmpA and rmpA2) for the presence of virulence plasmids. Hypermucoviscosity, serum killing and Galleria mellonella lethality experiments were conducted to identify CR-hvKP among strains with all four virulence genes. Capsule typing, fitness and plasmid features of CR-hvKP were also investigated. Results A total of 1052 CRKP were collected. Among these, 34.2% (360/1052) carried virulence genes and 72 of them had all four of the virulence genes tested. Fifty-five (76.4%) were considered to be CR-hvKP using the G. mellonella infection model, with KPC-2-producing K64-ST11 being the most common type (80%, 44/55). Prevalence of CR-hvKP differed greatly between regions, with the highest in Henan (25.4%, 17/67) and Shandong (25.8%, 25/97). A significant increase in CR-hvKP among KPC-2-producing ST11 strains was observed, from 2.1% (3/141) in 2015 to 7.0% (23/329) in 2017 (P=0.045). Alarmingly, compared with classic CRKP, no difference in growth was found among CR-hvKP (P=0.7028), suggesting a potential risk for dissemination. The hybrid virulence and resistance-encoding plasmid evolved from pLVPK and the resistance plasmid harbouring blaKPC-2, indicating evolution existed between the hypervirulence and hyper-resistance plasmid. Conclusions CR-hvKP were more frequently detected than previously assumed, especially among KPC-2-producing ST11. Dissemination of hypervirulence could be extremely rapid due to limited fitness cost. Also, the evolution of resistance genes into hypervirulence plasmids was identified, presenting significant challenges for public health and infection control.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 0305-7453 , 1460-2091
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.1093/jac/dkz446
    Language: English
    Publisher: Oxford University Press (OUP)
    Publication Date: 2020
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 1467478-6
    SSG: 15,3
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  • 6
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    Differentiation of 1-aminocyclopropane-1-carboxylate (ACC) deaminase from its homologs is the key for identifying bacteria containing ACC deaminase
    Oxford University Press (OUP) ; 2015
    In:  FEMS Microbiology Ecology Vol. 91, No. 10 ( 2015-10), p. fiv112-
    Details
    In: FEMS Microbiology Ecology, Oxford University Press (OUP), Vol. 91, No. 10 ( 2015-10), p. fiv112-
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 1574-6941
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.1093/femsec/fiv112
    Language: English
    Publisher: Oxford University Press (OUP)
    Publication Date: 2015
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 1501712-6
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  • 7
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    Predicting the structure of unexplored novel fentanyl analogues by deep learning model
    Oxford University Press (OUP) ; 2022
    In:  Briefings in Bioinformatics Vol. 23, No. 6 ( 2022-11-19)
    Details
    In: Briefings in Bioinformatics, Oxford University Press (OUP), Vol. 23, No. 6 ( 2022-11-19)
    Abstract: Fentanyl and its analogues are psychoactive substances and the concern of fentanyl abuse has been existed in decades. Because the structure of fentanyl is easy to be modified, criminals may synthesize new fentanyl analogues to avoid supervision. The drug supervision is based on the structure matching to the database and too few kinds of fentanyl analogues are included in the database, so it is necessary to find out more potential fentanyl analogues and expand the sample space of fentanyl analogues. In this study, we introduced two deep generative models (SeqGAN and MolGPT) to generate potential fentanyl analogues, and a total of 11 041 valid molecules were obtained. The results showed that not only can we generate molecules with similar property distribution of original data, but the generated molecules also contain potential fentanyl analogues that are not pretty similar to any of original data. Ten molecules based on the rules of fentanyl analogues were selected for NMR, MS and IR validation. The results indicated that these molecules are all unreported fentanyl analogues. Furthermore, this study is the first to apply the deep learning to the generation of fentanyl analogues, greatly expands the exploring space of fentanyl analogues and provides help for the supervision of fentanyl.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 1467-5463 , 1477-4054
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.1093/bib/bbac418
    Language: English
    Publisher: Oxford University Press (OUP)
    Publication Date: 2022
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 2036055-1
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  • 8
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    Vegetation and environment changes inferred from pollen records since 3000 cal. yr BP in Kanas wetland, Xinjiang
    Oxford University Press (OUP) ; 2019
    In:  Journal of Plant Ecology Vol. 12, No. 5 ( 2019-09-11), p. 907-916
    Details
    In: Journal of Plant Ecology, Oxford University Press (OUP), Vol. 12, No. 5 ( 2019-09-11), p. 907-916
    Abstract: Climate change can significantly affect the vegetation worldwide. Thus, paleovegetation and paleoclimate reconstruction should consider the quantitative relationship between modern vegetation and climate. The specific objectives of this study were (i) to assess the influence of environmental variables on pollen assemblages in the Kanas region, (ii) to reconstruct the evolution of vegetation over the past 3000 years using pollen records and (iii) to quantify historical climate change (including mean annual temperature and total annual precipitation) using a weighted averaging partial least squares regression method (WAPLS) applied to fossil pollen data from the Kanas wetland in Xinjiang, China. Methods A total of 65 surface and 50 fossil samples were collected from the Kanas wetland and analysed for 14C, pollen and grain size. By combining these data with those obtained from 214 samples of surface pollen assemblages in north Xinjiang, the late Holocene climate was reconstructed using a WAPLS model. Important Findings The vegetation in Kanas was dominated by forest for the past 3000 years, undergoing an arbour-vegetation transition from predominantly pine to spruce over that period. The WAPLS model showed that the paleoclimate progressed from cold-wet to warm-dry and subsequently back to cold-wet. Prior to 1350 calibrated years before the present (cal. yr BP), the climate of Kanas was cold and wet, and conditions became increasingly warm and dry until 870 cal. yr BP. The temperature reconstruction model indicated that a ‘Little Ice Age’ occurred ~380 cal. yr BP. These data will help us improve the understanding of abrupt climate change and provide important information regarding the prediction of climate.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 1752-993X
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.1093/jpe/rtz022
    Language: English
    Publisher: Oxford University Press (OUP)
    Publication Date: 2019
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 2381013-0
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  • 9
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    Lipidomic profiling of subchronic As4S4 exposure identifies inflammatory mediators as sensitive biomarkers in rats
    Oxford University Press (OUP) ; 2019
    In:  Metallomics Vol. 11, No. 3 ( 2019-03-20), p. 576-585
    Details
    In: Metallomics, Oxford University Press (OUP), Vol. 11, No. 3 ( 2019-03-20), p. 576-585
    Abstract: Arsenic sulfide compounds provide nearly all of the world's supply of arsenic. However, the risk of arsenic trisulfide exposure is still not fully investigated. Here, we systemically assessed the toxicology of As4S4 in rats by combining arsenic metabolite detection, routine testing and lipidomic profiling. It was revealed that the oral administration of As4S4 for two months increased the total arsenic content in the liver reaching a saturation level. Further analysis by anion exchange chromatography coupled with inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry (ICP-MS) technology showed no trace of inorganic arsenic, but there was significant presence of dimethylarsinic acid (DMA), in the livers of rats. This arsenic metabolite was less toxic to rats and did not induce overt liver pathology and functional injury. In contrast, lipidomic profiling provided a comprehensive map of lipids and uncovered a more complex inflammatory response, exhibiting more sensitive change to arsenic exposure. We observed that metabolites of cyclooxygenase, including PGF2α, dhk PGF2α, 15k PGF2α, 8-iso-PGF2a, PGE2, dhk PGE2, PGD2, 15d-PGD2, and PGJ2, were significantly elevated. But mediators from lipoxygenase, cytochrome P450, docosahexaenoic acid, and eicosapentaenoic acid pathways were not markedly affected. In summary, we identified DMA as the predominant arsenic species in the livers of rats, and found cyclooxygenase-derived lipids as the inflammatory mediators before the development of overt liver injury for subchronic As4S4 exposure. These mediators could translate into potential metabolic biomarkers in early arsenic risk assessment and as targets for therapeutic intervention.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 1756-5901 , 1756-591X
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.1039/c8mt00181b
    Language: English
    Publisher: Oxford University Press (OUP)
    Publication Date: 2019
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 2474317-3
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  • 10
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    ΔNp63α is a super enhancer-enriched master factor controlling the basal-to-luminal differentiation transcriptional program and gene regulatory networks in nasopharyngeal carcinoma
    Oxford University Press (OUP) ; 2020
    In:  Carcinogenesis Vol. 41, No. 9 ( 2020-09-24), p. 1282-1293
    Details
    In: Carcinogenesis, Oxford University Press (OUP), Vol. 41, No. 9 ( 2020-09-24), p. 1282-1293
    Abstract: Nasopharyngeal carcinoma (NPC) originates via malignant transformation of the pseudostratified nasopharyngeal epithelium, composed of basal and luminal cells. Super enhancers (SEs) are large clusters of cis-elements involved in the regulation of gene expression through epigenetic regulatory mechanisms. In this study, we demonstrated that basal cell-specific proteins are highly expressed, whereas luminal cell proteins are downregulated in NPC, implying a perturbation of basal-to-luminal differentiation during NPC development. We characterized NPC cell models according to different molecular signatures associated with their differentiation status and found that distinct SE landscapes are tightly associated with basal or luminal-like molecular signatures in NPC cells. Furthermore, the transcription of ΔNP63α, a prominent isoform of TP63, was found to be driven by SEs in NPC cells. Data from chromatin immunoprecipitation (ChIP)-sequencing showed that ΔNP63α largely occupied regions of SEs associated with basal cell-specific genes. Silencing of ΔNP63α led to a loss of H3K27ac occupancy at basal-type SEs and triggered a basal-to-luminal gene expression signature switch, suggesting that ΔNP63α is a master factor contributing to the perturbation of luminal differentiation. Integrative transcriptomics analysis also revealed that ΔNP63α acts as a core factor involved in the dysregulation of gene expression in NPC. Furthermore, ΔNP63α enhanced EGF-stimulated NF-κB activation in NPC cells by activating SE-mediated EGFR transcription. Finally, depletion of ΔNP63α in NPC cells induced robust growth inhibition of NPC cells in vitro and in vivo. Our data revealed that ΔNP63α-dependent SE reprogramming contributes to the blockade of luminal differentiation and uncontrolled proliferation in NPC.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 0143-3334 , 1460-2180
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.1093/carcin/bgz203
    Language: English
    Publisher: Oxford University Press (OUP)
    Publication Date: 2020
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 1474206-8
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