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  • 1
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Ageing with a silver-spoon: A meta-analysis of the effect of developmental environment on senescence
    Oxford University Press (OUP) ; 2018
    In:  Evolution Letters Vol. 2, No. 5 ( 2018-10-01), p. 460-471
    Details
    In: Evolution Letters, Oxford University Press (OUP), Vol. 2, No. 5 ( 2018-10-01), p. 460-471
    Abstract: What determines variation between individuals in how they senesce, and are environmental conditions experienced during development relevant to late-life performance? We report a meta-analysis of studies of wild populations to determine how the quality of the environment experienced during development affects rates of survival and reproductive senescence. From studies of 14 bird or mammal species, we calculated effect sizes for the interaction between the effects of environmental quality during development and age in predicting survival (N = 18) or reproduction (N = 30) over time in late life. We found no evidence that developmental environment affected rates of survival senescence (βmean = –1.2 × 10−4 ± 0.022SE). However, a better developmental environment was associated with slower rates of reproductive senescence in late life (βmean = 0.062 ± 0.023SE), indicating a small, but significant, “silver-spoon” effect of early-life conditions that persisted through to late life. Our results illustrate how the effects of environmental conditions during development can persist throughout life, and indicate one possible cause of phenotypic plasticity in senescence.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 2056-3744
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.1002/evl3.79
    Language: English
    Publisher: Oxford University Press (OUP)
    Publication Date: 2018
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 2894293-0
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  • 2
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Estimation of Genetic Variance in Fitness, and Inference of Adaptation, When Fitness Follows a Log-Normal Distribution
    Oxford University Press (OUP) ; 2019
    In:  Journal of Heredity Vol. 110, No. 4 ( 2019-07-01), p. 383-395
    Details
    In: Journal of Heredity, Oxford University Press (OUP), Vol. 110, No. 4 ( 2019-07-01), p. 383-395
    Abstract: Additive genetic variance in relative fitness (σA2(w)) is arguably the most important evolutionary parameter in a population because, by Fisher’s fundamental theorem of natural selection (FTNS; Fisher RA. 1930. The genetical theory of natural selection. 1st ed. Oxford: Clarendon Press), it represents the rate of adaptive evolution. However, to date, there are few estimates of σA2(w) in natural populations. Moreover, most of the available estimates rely on Gaussian assumptions inappropriate for fitness data, with unclear consequences. “Generalized linear animal models” (GLAMs) tend to be more appropriate for fitness data, but they estimate parameters on a transformed (“latent”) scale that is not directly interpretable for inferences on the data scale. Here we exploit the latest theoretical developments to clarify how best to estimate quantitative genetic parameters for fitness. Specifically, we use computer simulations to confirm a recently developed analog of the FTNS in the case when expected fitness follows a log-normal distribution. In this situation, the additive genetic variance in absolute fitness on the latent log-scale (σA2(l)) equals (σA2(w)) on the data scale, which is the rate of adaptation within a generation. However, due to inheritance distortion, the change in mean relative fitness between generations exceeds σA2(l) and equals (exp⁡(σA2(l))−1). We illustrate why the heritability of fitness is generally low and is not a good measure of the rate of adaptation. Finally, we explore how well the relevant parameters can be estimated by animal models, comparing Gaussian models with Poisson GLAMs. Our results illustrate 1) the correspondence between quantitative genetics and population dynamics encapsulated in the FTNS and its log-normal-analog and 2) the appropriate interpretation of GLAM parameter estimates.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 0022-1503 , 1465-7333
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.1093/jhered/esz018
    Language: English
    Publisher: Oxford University Press (OUP)
    Publication Date: 2019
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 1466720-4
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 2518163-4
    SSG: 12
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  • 3
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    A Multivariate Analysis of Genetic Constraints to Life History Evolution in a Wild Population of Red Deer
    Oxford University Press (OUP) ; 2014
    In:  Genetics Vol. 198, No. 4 ( 2014-12-01), p. 1735-1749
    Details
    In: Genetics, Oxford University Press (OUP), Vol. 198, No. 4 ( 2014-12-01), p. 1735-1749
    Abstract: Evolutionary theory predicts that genetic constraints should be widespread, but empirical support for their existence is surprisingly rare. Commonly applied univariate and bivariate approaches to detecting genetic constraints can underestimate their prevalence, with important aspects potentially tractable only within a multivariate framework. However, multivariate genetic analyses of data from natural populations are challenging because of modest sample sizes, incomplete pedigrees, and missing data. Here we present results from a study of a comprehensive set of life history traits (juvenile survival, age at first breeding, annual fecundity, and longevity) for both males and females in a wild, pedigreed, population of red deer (Cervus elaphus). We use factor analytic modeling of the genetic variance–covariance matrix (G) to reduce the dimensionality of the problem and take a multivariate approach to estimating genetic constraints. We consider a range of metrics designed to assess the effect of G on the deflection of a predicted response to selection away from the direction of fastest adaptation and on the evolvability of the traits. We found limited support for genetic constraint through genetic covariances between traits, both within sex and between sexes. We discuss these results with respect to other recent findings and to the problems of estimating these parameters for natural populations.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 1943-2631
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.1534/genetics.114.164319
    Language: English
    Publisher: Oxford University Press (OUP)
    Publication Date: 2014
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 1477228-0
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  • 4
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Early-life behavior, survival, and maternal personality in a wild marsupial
    Oxford University Press (OUP) ; 2023
    In:  Behavioral Ecology ( 2023-09-14)
    Details
    In: Behavioral Ecology, Oxford University Press (OUP), ( 2023-09-14)
    Abstract: Individual behavior varies for many reasons, but how early in life are such differences apparent, and are they under selection? We investigated variation in early-life behavior in a wild eastern gray kangaroo (Macropus giganteus) population, and quantified associations of behavior with early survival. Behavior of young was measured while still in the pouch and as subadults, and survival to weaning was monitored. We found consistent variation between offspring of different mothers in levels of activity at the pouch stage, in flight initiation distance (FID) as subadults, and in subadult survival, indicating similarity between siblings. There was no evidence of covariance between the measures of behavior at the pouch young versus subadult stages, nor of covariance of the early-life behavioral traits with subadult survival. However, there was a strong covariance between FIDs of mothers and those of their offspring tested at different times. Further, of the total repeatability of subadult FID (51.5%), more than half could be attributed to differences between offspring of different mothers. Our results indicate that 1) behavioral variation is apparent at a very early stage of development (still in the pouch in the case of this marsupial); 2) between-mother differences can explain much of the repeatability (or “personality”) of juvenile behavior; and 3) mothers and offspring exhibit similar behavioral responses to stimuli. However, 4) we found no evidence of selection via covariance between early-life or maternal behavioral traits and juvenile survival in this wild marsupial.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 1045-2249 , 1465-7279
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.1093/beheco/arad070
    RVK:
    WA 15000
    Language: English
    Publisher: Oxford University Press (OUP)
    Publication Date: 2023
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 1496189-1
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  • 5
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    Online Resource
    Complex effects of helper relatedness on female extrapair reproduction in a cooperative breeder
    Oxford University Press (OUP) ; 2021
    In:  Behavioral Ecology Vol. 32, No. 3 ( 2021-06-04), p. 386-394
    Details
    In: Behavioral Ecology, Oxford University Press (OUP), Vol. 32, No. 3 ( 2021-06-04), p. 386-394
    Abstract: In cooperatively breeding species, the presence of male helpers in a group often reduces the breeding female’s fidelity to her social partner, possibly because there is more than one potential sire in the group. Using a long-term study of cooperatively breeding superb fairy-wrens (Malurus cyaneus) and records of paternity in 1936 broods, we show that the effect of helpers on rates of extrapair paternity varied according to the helpers’ relatedness to the breeding female. The presence of unrelated male helpers in a group increased average rates of extrapair paternity, from 57% for groups with no unrelated helpers, to 74% with one unrelated helper, to 86% with 2+ unrelated helpers. However, this increase was due in equal part to helpers within the group and males in other groups achieving increased paternity. In contrast, helpers who were sons of the breeding female did not gain paternity, nor did they affect the level of extra-group paternity (which occurred at rates of 60%, 58%, 61% in the presence of 0, 1, 2+ helper sons, respectively). There was no evidence of effects of helpers’ relatedness to the female on nest productivity or nestling performance. Because the presence of helpers per se did not elevate extrapair reproduction rates, our results undermine the “constrained female hypothesis” explanation for an increase in extrapair paternity with helper number in cooperative breeders. However, they indicate that dominant males are disadvantaged by breeding in “cooperative” groups. The reasons why the presence of unrelated helpers, but not of helper-sons, results in higher rates of extra-group reproduction are not clear.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 1045-2249 , 1465-7279
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.1093/beheco/araa142
    RVK:
    WA 15000
    Language: English
    Publisher: Oxford University Press (OUP)
    Publication Date: 2021
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 1496189-1
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  • 6
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Evolution of elaborate parental care: phenotypic and genetic correlations between parent and offspring traits
    Oxford University Press (OUP) ; 2017
    In:  Behavioral Ecology Vol. 28, No. 1 ( 2017), p. 39-48
    Details
    In: Behavioral Ecology, Oxford University Press (OUP), Vol. 28, No. 1 ( 2017), p. 39-48
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 1045-2249 , 1465-7279
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.1093/beheco/arw129
    RVK:
    WA 15000
    Language: English
    Publisher: Oxford University Press (OUP)
    Publication Date: 2017
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 1496189-1
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  • 7
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    The challenge of estimating indirect genetic effects on behavior: a comment on Bailey et al.
    Oxford University Press (OUP) ; 2018
    In:  Behavioral Ecology Vol. 29, No. 1 ( 2018-01-13), p. 13-14
    Details
    In: Behavioral Ecology, Oxford University Press (OUP), Vol. 29, No. 1 ( 2018-01-13), p. 13-14
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 1045-2249 , 1465-7279
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.1093/beheco/arx162
    RVK:
    WA 15000
    Language: English
    Publisher: Oxford University Press (OUP)
    Publication Date: 2018
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 1496189-1
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  • 8
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Hybrid Dysfunction in Fire-Bellied Toads (Bombina)
    Oxford University Press (OUP) ; 1999
    In:  Evolution Vol. 53, No. 5 ( 1999-10), p. 1611-
    Details
    In: Evolution, Oxford University Press (OUP), Vol. 53, No. 5 ( 1999-10), p. 1611-
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 0014-3820
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.2307/2640907
    RVK:
    WA 15000
    Language: Unknown
    Publisher: Oxford University Press (OUP)
    Publication Date: 1999
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 2036375-8
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  • 9
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    Online Resource
    Evidence for Selection-by-Environment but Not Genotype-by-Environment Interactions for Fitness-Related Traits in a Wild Mammal Population
    Oxford University Press (OUP) ; 2018
    In:  Genetics Vol. 208, No. 1 ( 2018-01-01), p. 349-364
    Details
    In: Genetics, Oxford University Press (OUP), Vol. 208, No. 1 ( 2018-01-01), p. 349-364
    Abstract: To understand how organisms may adapt to environmental changes, it is necessary to determine how environmental conditions influence evolution in wild... How do environmental conditions influence selection and genetic variation in wild populations? There is widespread evidence for selection-by-environment interactions (S*E), but we reviewed studies of natural populations estimating the extent of genotype-by-environment interactions (G*E) in response to natural variation in environmental conditions and found that evidence for G*E appears to be rare within single populations in the wild. Studies estimating the simultaneous impact of environmental variation on both selection and genetic variation are especially scarce. Here, we used 24 years of data collected from a wild Soay sheep population to quantify how an important environmental variable, population density, impacts upon (1) selection through annual contribution to fitness and (2) expression of genetic variation, in six morphological and life history traits: body weight, hind leg length, parasite burden, horn length, horn growth, and testicular circumference. Our results supported the existence of S*E: selection was stronger in years of higher population density for all traits apart from horn growth, with directional selection being stronger under more adverse conditions. Quantitative genetic models revealed significant additive genetic variance for body weight, leg length, parasite burden, horn length, and testes size, but not for horn growth or our measure of annual fitness. However, random regression models found variation between individuals in their responses to the environment in only three traits, and did not support the presence of G*E for any trait. Our analyses of St Kilda Soay sheep data thus concurs with our cross-study review that, while natural environmental variation within a population can profoundly alter the strength of selection on phenotypic traits, there is less evidence for its effect on the expression of genetic variance in the wild.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 1943-2631
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.1534/genetics.117.300498
    Language: English
    Publisher: Oxford University Press (OUP)
    Publication Date: 2018
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 1477228-0
    SSG: 12
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  • 10
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    Online Resource
    Cryptic Evolution: Does Environmental Deterioration Have a Genetic Basis?
    Oxford University Press (OUP) ; 2011
    In:  Genetics Vol. 187, No. 4 ( 2011-04-01), p. 1099-1113
    Details
    In: Genetics, Oxford University Press (OUP), Vol. 187, No. 4 ( 2011-04-01), p. 1099-1113
    Abstract: Cryptic evolution has been defined as adaptive evolutionary change being masked by concurrent environmental change. Empirical studies of cryptic evolution have usually invoked a changing climate and/or increasing population density as the form of detrimental environmental change experienced by a population undergoing cryptic evolution. However, Fisher (1958) emphasized that evolutionary change in itself is likely to be an important component of “environmental deterioration,” a point restated by Cookeet al. (1990) in the context of intraspecific competition. In this form, environmental deterioration arises because a winning lineage has to compete against more winners in successive generations as the population evolves. This “evolutionary environmental deterioration” has different implications for the selection and evolution of traits influenced by resource competition than general environmental change. We reformulate Cooke's model as a quantitative genetic model to show that it is identical in form to more recent developments proposed by quantitative geneticists. This provides a statistical framework for discriminating between the alternative hypotheses of environmental change and environmental deterioration caused by evolutionary change. We also demonstrate that in systems where no phenotypic change has occurred, there are many reasonable biological processes that will generate patterns in predicted breeding values that are consistent with what has been interpreted as cryptic evolution, and care needs to be taken when interpreting these patterns. These processes include mutation, sib competition, and invisible fractions.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 1943-2631
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.1534/genetics.110.124990
    Language: English
    Publisher: Oxford University Press (OUP)
    Publication Date: 2011
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 1477228-0
    SSG: 12
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