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  • 1
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    Online Resource
    COVID-19 Testing, Epidemic Features, Hospital Outcomes, and Household Prevalence, New York State—March 2020
    Oxford University Press (OUP) ; 2020
    In:  Clinical Infectious Diseases Vol. 71, No. 8 ( 2020-11-05), p. 1953-1959
    Details
    In: Clinical Infectious Diseases, Oxford University Press (OUP), Vol. 71, No. 8 ( 2020-11-05), p. 1953-1959
    Abstract: The US’ coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) epidemic has grown extensively since February 2020, with substantial associated hospitalizations and mortality; New York State has emerged as the national epicenter. We report on the extent of testing and test results during the month of March in New York State, along with risk factors, outcomes, and household prevalence among initial cases subject to in-depth investigations. Methods Specimen collection for COVID-19 testing was conducted in healthcare settings, community-based collection sites, and by home testing teams. Information on demographics, risk factors, and hospital outcomes of cases was obtained through epidemiological investigations and an electronic medical records match, and summarized descriptively. Active testing of initial case’s households enabled estimation of household prevalence. Results During March in New York State, outside of New York City, a total of 47 326 persons tested positive for severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2, out of 141 495 tests (33% test-positive), with the highest number of cases located in the metropolitan region counties. Among 229 initial cases diagnosed through 12 March, by 30 March 13% were hospitalized and 2% died. Testing conducted among 498 members of these case’s households found prevalent infection among 57%, excluding first-reported cases 38%. In these homes, we found a significant age gradient in prevalence, from 23% among those  & lt; 5 years to 68% among those ≥ 65 years (P  & lt; .0001). Conclusions New York State faced a substantial and increasing COVID-19 outbreak during March 2020. The earliest cases had high levels of infection in their households and by the end of the month, the risks of hospitalization and death were high.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 1058-4838 , 1537-6591
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.1093/cid/ciaa549
    RVK:
    XA 10000
    Language: English
    Publisher: Oxford University Press (OUP)
    Publication Date: 2020
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  • 2
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    Monitoring Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19) Through Trends in Influenza-like Illness, Laboratory-confirmed Influenza, and COVID-19—New York State, Excluding New York City, 1 January 2020–12 April 2020
    Oxford University Press (OUP) ; 2020
    In:  Clinical Infectious Diseases ( 2020-05-31)
    Details
    In: Clinical Infectious Diseases, Oxford University Press (OUP), ( 2020-05-31)
    Abstract: Innovative monitoring approaches are needed to track the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) epidemic and potentially assess the impact of community mitigation interventions. We present temporal data on influenza-like illness, influenza diagnosis, and COVID-19 cases for all 4 regions of New York State through the first 6 weeks of the outbreak.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 1058-4838 , 1537-6591
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.1093/cid/ciaa684
    RVK:
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    Language: English
    Publisher: Oxford University Press (OUP)
    Publication Date: 2020
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  • 3
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    Identifying and Predicting the Goals and Concerns Prioritised by Individuals with Inflammatory Bowel Disease
    Oxford University Press (OUP) ; 2022
    In:  Journal of Crohn's and Colitis Vol. 16, No. 3 ( 2022-03-14), p. 379-388
    Details
    In: Journal of Crohn's and Colitis, Oxford University Press (OUP), Vol. 16, No. 3 ( 2022-03-14), p. 379-388
    Abstract: In order to provide high-quality care, providers need to understand their patients’ goals and concerns. This study aims to identify and predict the goals and concerns prioritised by patients with inflammatory bowel disease [IBD] in the outpatient setting. Methods Mixed-methods analysis was performed to identify the types, frequencies, and predictors of IBD patients’ goals and concerns using 4873 surveys collected over 2016–2019 at 25 gastroenterology clinics across the USA participating in the Crohn’s & Colitis Foundation’s IBD Qorus Learning Health System. Results Patients with IBD most often prioritised goals and concerns related to symptoms/disease activity [50%] and clinical course/management [20%] , whereas psychosocial/quality of life [12%] and medication [6%] concerns were less frequent. Females (odds ratio [OR] 22.1, 95% confidence interval [CI] 5.3–91.5) and patients in clinical remission [OR 2.2, 95% CI 1.2–4.1] were more likely to prioritise family planning. Patients & gt;60 years old [OR 3.1, 95% CI 1.5–6.5] and patients with active disease [OR 3.2, 95% CI 1.4–7.6] were more often concerned about travelling. Smokers were more often concerned about nutrition [OR 4.2, 95% CI 1.9–9.2]. Surgery was more often a concern of patients with perianal Crohn’s disease [OR 2.1, 95% CI 1.2–3.5] , active disease [OR 1.9, 95% CI 1.1–3.4], and those with recent hospitalisations [OR 2.5, 95% CI 1.2–5.4] . Conclusions IBD patients prioritised the remission of physical symptoms as treatment goals and they were less frequently concerned about medications and their side effects. Patients’ demographics, IBD characteristics, and health care utilisation patterns can predict specific types of concerns/goals.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 1873-9946 , 1876-4479
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.1093/ecco-jcc/jjab142
    Language: English
    Publisher: Oxford University Press (OUP)
    Publication Date: 2022
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 2389631-0
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  • 4
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    GENE-63. GENOMIC CHARACTERIZATION OF HUMAN BRAIN METASTASES IDENTIFIES NOVEL DRIVERS OF LUNG ADENOCARCINOMA PROGRESSION
    Oxford University Press (OUP) ; 2019
    In:  Neuro-Oncology Vol. 21, No. Supplement_6 ( 2019-11-11), p. vi111-vi111
    Details
    In: Neuro-Oncology, Oxford University Press (OUP), Vol. 21, No. Supplement_6 ( 2019-11-11), p. vi111-vi111
    Abstract: Although lung adenocarcinomas frequently metastasize to the brain, treatment options for lung adenocarcinoma brain metastases are limited. We discovered novel candidate drivers of progression by using case-control analyses to compare whole-exome sequencing data from a cohort of 73 lung adenocarcinoma brain metastases to a control cohort of 503 primary lung adenocarcinomas. We identified 3 genomic regions with significantly more frequent amplifications in brain metastases compared to the control cohort: MYC (12% vs 6%), YAP1 (7% vs 0.8%) and MMP13 (10% vs 0.6%). We also identified CDKN2A/B as a region deleted at a significantly greater frequency in brain metastases compared to primary lung adenocarcinomas (27% vs 13%, respectively). We confirmed frequent amplifications of MYC and YAP1/MMP13 in an independent validation cohort of 105 lung adenocarcinoma brain metastasis samples using fluorescence in situ hybridization. We further validated that MYC, YAP1 and MMP13 can drive brain metastases in a patient-derived xenograft mouse model. We found a higher incidence of metastases to the brain in mice receiving intracardiac injections of tumor cells expressing the candidate drivers compared to tumor cells expressing LacZ as a control. These results indicate that somatic alterations can drive lung adenocarcinomas to metastasize to the brain. The candidate brain metastasis drivers that we identified may serve as therapeutic targets in patients with lung adenocarcinomas who develop this devastating complication.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 1522-8517 , 1523-5866
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.1093/neuonc/noz175.465
    Language: English
    Publisher: Oxford University Press (OUP)
    Publication Date: 2019
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 2094060-9
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  • 5
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    Sensitivity of sand lance to shifting prey and hydrography indicates forthcoming change to the northeast US shelf forage fish complex
    Oxford University Press (OUP) ; 2021
    In:  ICES Journal of Marine Science Vol. 78, No. 3 ( 2021-07-28), p. 1023-1037
    Details
    In: ICES Journal of Marine Science, Oxford University Press (OUP), Vol. 78, No. 3 ( 2021-07-28), p. 1023-1037
    Abstract: Northern sand lance (Ammodytes dubius) and Atlantic herring (Clupea harengus) represent the dominant lipid-rich forage fish species throughout the Northeast US shelf and are critical prey for numerous top predators. However, unlike Atlantic herring, there is little research on sand lance or information about drivers of their abundance. We use intra-annual measurements of sand lance diet, growth, and condition to explain annual variability in sand lance abundance on the Northeast US Shelf. Our observations indicate that northern sand lance feed, grow, and accumulate lipids in the late winter through summer, predominantly consuming the copepod Calanus finmarchicus. Sand lance then cease feeding, utilize lipids, and begin gonad development in the fall. We show that the abundance of C. finmarchicus influences sand lance parental condition and recruitment. Atlantic herring can mute this effect through intra-guild predation. Hydrography further impacts sand lance abundance as increases in warm slope water decrease overwinter survival of reproductive adults. The predicted changes to these drivers indicate that sand lance will no longer be able to fill the role of lipid-rich forage during times of low Atlantic herring abundance—changing the Northeast US shelf forage fish complex by the end of the century.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 1054-3139 , 1095-9289
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.1093/icesjms/fsaa251
    Language: English
    Publisher: Oxford University Press (OUP)
    Publication Date: 2021
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    detail.hit.zdb_id: 1468003-8
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 29056-7
    SSG: 12
    SSG: 21,3
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  • 6
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    Concordance and Discordance Between Patient-reported Remission, Patient-reported Outcomes, and Physician Global Assessment
    Oxford University Press (OUP) ; 2023
    In:  Inflammatory Bowel Diseases Vol. 29, No. 8 ( 2023-08-01), p. 1255-1262
    Details
    In: Inflammatory Bowel Diseases, Oxford University Press (OUP), Vol. 29, No. 8 ( 2023-08-01), p. 1255-1262
    Abstract: Although validated patient-reported outcome (PRO) measurements can categorize patients with inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) into clinical remission or active disease, patients may have different definitions of remission. The purpose of this study was to compare patient-defined remission to remission based on PRO measures and physician global assessment (PGA) and to understand the clinical and demographic factors associated with disagreements. Methods We retrospectively analyzed 3257 de-identified surveys from 2004 IBD patients who consented to participate in the Crohn’s and Colitis Foundation’s IBD Qorus Learning Health System between September 2019 and February 2021. We used logistic regression models with generalized estimating equations to analyze the clinical and demographic factors (eg, age, disease duration, health confidence) associated with discordance between patient-defined remission (yes/no) and PRO-defined remission for ulcerative colitis (UC; PRO2: stool frequency, rectal bleeding) and Crohn’s disease (CD; PRO-3: average number of liquid stools, abdominal pain, well-being). Results Among patients with UC, overall concordance was 79% between patient self-report and PRO2-defined remission and 49% between patient self-report and PGA-defined remission. Among patients with CD, overall concordance was 69% between patient self-report and PRO3-defined remission and 54% between patient self-report and PGA-defined remission. Patients in PRO-defined remission were more likely to report active disease if they had IBD  & lt;5 years and low health confidence. Patients with PRO-defined active disease were more likely to report remission if they were not using prednisone and had high health confidence. Conclusion Discordance exists between how remission is defined by patients, PRO measures, and PGA.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 1078-0998 , 1536-4844
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.1093/ibd/izac206
    Language: English
    Publisher: Oxford University Press (OUP)
    Publication Date: 2023
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  • 7
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    The US Department of Veterans Affairs Science and Health Initiative to Combat Infectious and Emerging Life-Threatening Diseases (VA SHIELD): A Biorepository Addressing National Health Threats
    Oxford University Press (OUP) ; 2022
    In:  Open Forum Infectious Diseases Vol. 9, No. 12 ( 2022-12-02)
    Details
    In: Open Forum Infectious Diseases, Oxford University Press (OUP), Vol. 9, No. 12 ( 2022-12-02)
    Abstract: The coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic, caused by the severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2), has demonstrated the need to share data and biospecimens broadly to optimize clinical outcomes for US military Veterans. Methods In response, the Veterans Health Administration established VA SHIELD (Science and Health Initiative to Combat Infectious and Emerging Life-threatening Diseases), a comprehensive biorepository of specimens and clinical data from affected Veterans to advance research and public health surveillance and to improve diagnostic and therapeutic capabilities. Results VA SHIELD now comprises 12 sites collecting de-identified biospecimens from US Veterans affected by SARS-CoV-2. In addition, 2 biorepository sites, a data processing center, and a coordinating center have been established under the direction of the Veterans Affairs Office of Research and Development. Phase 1 of VA SHIELD comprises 34 157 samples. Of these, 83.8% had positive tests for SARS-CoV-2, with the remainder serving as contemporaneous controls. The samples include nasopharyngeal swabs (57.9%), plasma (27.9%), and sera (12.5%). The associated clinical and demographic information available permits the evaluation of biological data in the context of patient demographics, clinical experience and management, vaccinations, and comorbidities. Conclusions VA SHIELD is representative of US national diversity with a significant potential to impact national healthcare. VA SHIELD will support future projects designed to better understand SARS-CoV-2 and other emergent healthcare crises. To the extent possible, VA SHIELD will facilitate the discovery of diagnostics and therapeutics intended to diminish COVID-19 morbidity and mortality and to reduce the impact of new emerging threats to the health of US Veterans and populations worldwide.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 2328-8957
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.1093/ofid/ofac641
    Language: English
    Publisher: Oxford University Press (OUP)
    Publication Date: 2022
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 2757767-3
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  • 8
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    Item Development and Performance of Tobacco Product and Regulation Perception Items for the Health Information National Trends Survey
    Oxford University Press (OUP) ; 2019
    In:  Nicotine & Tobacco Research Vol. 21, No. 11 ( 2019-10-26), p. 1565-1572
    Details
    In: Nicotine & Tobacco Research, Oxford University Press (OUP), Vol. 21, No. 11 ( 2019-10-26), p. 1565-1572
    Abstract: Emerging tobacco products have become increasingly popular, and the US Food and Drug Administration extended its authority to all products meeting the definition of a tobacco product in 2016. These changes may lead to shifts in public perceptions about tobacco products and regulation, and national surveys are attempting to assess these perceptions at the population level. This article describes the item development and cognitive interviewing of the tobacco product and regulation perception items included in two tobacco-focused cycles of the Health Information National Trends Survey (HINTS-FDA), referred to as HINTS-FDA. Methods Cognitive interviewing was used to investigate how respondents comprehended and responded to tobacco product and regulation perception items. Adult participants (n = 20) were selected purposively to oversample current tobacco users and were interviewed in two iterative rounds. Weighted descriptive statistics from the fielded HINTS-FDA surveys (N = 5474) were also calculated. Results Items were generally interpreted as intended, and participants meaningfully discriminated between tobacco products when assessing addiction perceptions. Response selection issues involved inconsistent reporting among participants with little knowledge or ambivalent opinions about either government regulation or tobacco products and ingredients, which resolved when a “don’t know” response option was included in the survey. The fielded survey found that a non-negligible proportion of the population do not have clear perceptions of emerging tobacco products or government regulation. Conclusions A “don’t know” response option is helpful for items assessing many emerging tobacco products but presents several analytic challenges that should be carefully considered. Multiple items assessing specific tobacco product and regulation perception items are warranted in future surveys. Implications The findings from this study can serve as a foundation for future surveys that assess constructs related to emerging tobacco products, harm perceptions across multiple tobacco products, and tobacco-related government regulatory activities. The data provide unique insight into item-specific motivation for selecting a “don’t know” response option for tobacco survey items.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 1469-994X
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.1093/ntr/nty193
    Language: English
    Publisher: Oxford University Press (OUP)
    Publication Date: 2019
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 2020202-7
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  • 9
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    High-content screen for modifiers of Niemann-Pick type C disease in patient cells
    Oxford University Press (OUP) ; 2018
    In:  Human Molecular Genetics Vol. 27, No. 12 ( 2018-06-15), p. 2101-2112
    Details
    In: Human Molecular Genetics, Oxford University Press (OUP), Vol. 27, No. 12 ( 2018-06-15), p. 2101-2112
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 0964-6906 , 1460-2083
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.1093/hmg/ddy117
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    Language: English
    Publisher: Oxford University Press (OUP)
    Publication Date: 2018
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 1474816-2
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  • 10
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    Collecting–Gathering Biophysics of the Blackworm Lumbriculus variegatus
    Oxford University Press (OUP) ; 2023
    In:  Integrative And Comparative Biology Vol. 63, No. 6 ( 2023-12-29), p. 1474-1484
    Details
    In: Integrative And Comparative Biology, Oxford University Press (OUP), Vol. 63, No. 6 ( 2023-12-29), p. 1474-1484
    Abstract: Many organisms exhibit collecting and gathering behaviors as a foraging and survival method. Benthic macroinvertebrates are classified as collector–gatherers due to their collection of particulate matter. Among these, the aquatic oligochaete Lumbriculus variegatus (California blackworms) demonstrates the ability to ingest both organic and inorganic materials, including microplastics. However, earlier studies have only qualitatively described their collecting behaviors for such materials. The mechanism by which blackworms consolidate discrete particles into a larger clump remains unexplored quantitatively. In this study, we analyze a group of blackworms in a large arena with an aqueous algae solution (organic particles) and find that their relative collecting efficiency is proportional to population size. We found that doubling the population size (N = 25–N = 50) results in a decrease in time to reach consolidation by more than half. Microscopic examination of individual blackworms reveals that both algae and microplastics physically adhere to the worm’s body and form clumps due to external mucus secretions by the worms. Our observations also indicate that this clumping behavior reduces the worm’s exploration of its environment, possibly due to thigmotaxis. To validate these observed biophysical mechanisms, we create an active polymer model of a worm moving in a field of particulate debris. We simulate its adhesive nature by implementing a short-range attraction between the worm and the nearest surrounding particles. Our findings indicate an increase in gathering efficiency when we add an attractive force between particles, simulating the worm’s mucosal secretions. Our work provides a detailed understanding of the complex mechanisms underlying the collecting–gathering behavior in L. variegatus, informing the design of bioinspired synthetic collector systems, and advances our understanding of the ecological impacts of microplastics on benthic invertebrates.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 1540-7063 , 1557-7023
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.1093/icb/icad080
    Language: English
    Publisher: Oxford University Press (OUP)
    Publication Date: 2023
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 2159110-6
    SSG: 12
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