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  • 1
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    Studying spatial and trophic interactions between capelin and cod using individual-based modelling
    Oxford University Press (OUP) ; 2004
    In:  ICES Journal of Marine Science Vol. 61, No. 7 ( 2004-01-01), p. 1201-1213
    Details
    In: ICES Journal of Marine Science, Oxford University Press (OUP), Vol. 61, No. 7 ( 2004-01-01), p. 1201-1213
    Abstract: The objective of this study was to use spatially explicit individual-based models for simulating the movement, foraging, growth, and mortality of cod and capelin in the Barents Sea in order to identify general features in their migration patterns and the consumption of capelin by cod. The individual-based models are initiated from survey data run over 1 year and validated against survey information. Directed movement is based on a combination of movement vectors and temperature boundaries, and bioenergetics models are used to calculate growth. Capelin consumption by cod is calculated from local encounters between the species. For capelin, the best movement model can be summarized as: stay southwest of the 2.5°C and 4°C temperature front at 50-m depth for juvenile and mature individuals, respectively, in winter, and migrate northwards during summer, but do not pass the −1.5°C temperature front. The best cod model was to migrate south-southwest during winter and north-northeast during summer, within the temperature range 1°C to 8°C. The annual consumption estimates found here reflected the interannual and seasonal pattern from previous studies based on stomach samples, but were generally lower. Consumption estimates varied depending on the movement models, and the best movement model also produced the consumption estimate closest to that obtained in other studies. Introducing a simple rule stating that cod should move in a randomly selected direction when the local capelin density is zero increased the consumption estimate by 30%. This suggests that more emphasis needs to be put on exploring how behavioural rules in predators and prey affect their interactions. Even though there are some discrepancies between predictions and observations, the results achieved by the model with regard to spatial distribution, growth, and consumption are promising.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 1095-9289 , 1054-3139
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.1016/j.icesjms.2004.06.011
    Language: English
    Publisher: Oxford University Press (OUP)
    Publication Date: 2004
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  • 2
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    Corrigenda to: Standing stock of Antarctic krill ( Euphausia superba Dana, 1850) (Euphausiacea) in the Southwest Atlantic sector of the Southern Ocean, 2018–19
    Oxford University Press (OUP) ; 2021
    In:  Journal of Crustacean Biology Vol. 41, No. 4 ( 2021-12-01)
    Details
    In: Journal of Crustacean Biology, Oxford University Press (OUP), Vol. 41, No. 4 ( 2021-12-01)
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 0278-0372 , 1937-240X
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.1093/jcbiol/ruab071
    RVK:
    WA 15000
    Language: English
    Publisher: Oxford University Press (OUP)
    Publication Date: 2021
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  • 3
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    Marine ecosystem acoustics (MEA): quantifying processes in the sea at the spatio-temporal scales on which they occur
    Oxford University Press (OUP) ; 2014
    In:  ICES Journal of Marine Science Vol. 71, No. 8 ( 2014-10-01), p. 2357-2369
    Details
    In: ICES Journal of Marine Science, Oxford University Press (OUP), Vol. 71, No. 8 ( 2014-10-01), p. 2357-2369
    Abstract: Sustainable management of fisheries resources requires quantitative knowledge and understanding of species distribution, abundance, and productivity-determining processes. Conventional sampling by physical capture is inconsistent with the spatial and temporal scales on which many of these processes occur. In contrast, acoustic observations can be obtained on spatial scales from centimetres to ocean basins, and temporal scales from seconds to seasons. The concept of marine ecosystem acoustics (MEA) is founded on the basic capability of acoustics to detect, classify, and quantify organisms and biological and physical heterogeneities in the water column. Acoustics observations integrate operational technologies, platforms, and models and can generate information by taxon at the relevant scales. The gaps between single-species assessment and ecosystem-based management, as well as between fisheries oceanography and ecology, are thereby bridged. The MEA concept combines state-of-the-art acoustic technology with advanced operational capabilities and tailored modelling integrated into a flexible tool for ecosystem research and monitoring. Case studies are presented to illustrate application of the MEA concept in quantification of biophysical coupling, patchiness of organisms, predator–prey interactions, and fish stock recruitment processes. Widespread implementation of MEA will have a large impact on marine monitoring and assessment practices and it is to be hoped that they also promote and facilitate interaction among disciplines within the marine sciences.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 1095-9289 , 1054-3139
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.1093/icesjms/fsu116
    Language: English
    Publisher: Oxford University Press (OUP)
    Publication Date: 2014
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  • 4
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    Feeding strategy of mackerel in the Norwegian Sea relative to currents, temperature, and prey
    Oxford University Press (OUP) ; 2016
    In:  ICES Journal of Marine Science Vol. 73, No. 4 ( 2016-03-01), p. 1127-1137
    Details
    In: ICES Journal of Marine Science, Oxford University Press (OUP), Vol. 73, No. 4 ( 2016-03-01), p. 1127-1137
    Abstract: High abundance of Northeast Atlantic mackerel (Scomber scombrus L.), combined with limited food resources, may now force mackerel to enter new and productive regions in the northern Norwegian Sea. However, it is not known how mackerel exploit the spatially varying feeding resources, and their vertical distribution and swimming behaviour are also largely unknown. During an ecosystem survey in the Norwegian Sea during the summer feeding season, swimming direction, and speed of mackerel schools were recorded with high-frequency omnidirectional sonar in four different regions relative to currents, ambient temperature, and zooplankton. A total of 251 schools were tracked, and fish and zooplankton were sampled with pelagic trawl and WP-2 plankton net. Except for the southwest region, swimming direction of the tracked schools coincided with the prevailing northerly Atlantic current direction in the Norwegian Sea. Swimming with the current saves energy, and the current also provides a directional cue towards the most productive areas in the northern Norwegian Sea. Average mean swimming speed in all regions combined was ∼3.8 body lengths s−1. However, fish did not swim in a straight course, but often changed direction, suggesting active feeding in the near field. Fish were largest and swimming speed lowest in the northwest region which had the highest plankton concentrations and lowest temperature. Mackerel swam close to the surface at a depth of 8–39 m, with all schools staying above the thermocline in waters of at least 6°C. In surface waters, mackerel encounter improved foraging rate and swimming performance. Going with the flow until temperature is too low, based on an expectation of increasing foraging rate towards the north while utilizing available prey under way, could be a simple and robust feeding strategy for mackerel in the Norwegian Sea.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 1095-9289 , 1054-3139
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.1093/icesjms/fsv239
    Language: English
    Publisher: Oxford University Press (OUP)
    Publication Date: 2016
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  • 5
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    Indications of a negative impact of herring on recruitment of Norway pout
    Oxford University Press (OUP) ; 2008
    In:  ICES Journal of Marine Science Vol. 65, No. 6 ( 2008-09-01), p. 906-911
    Details
    In: ICES Journal of Marine Science, Oxford University Press (OUP), Vol. 65, No. 6 ( 2008-09-01), p. 906-911
    Abstract: Huse, G., Salthaug, A., and Skogen, M. D. 2008. Indications of a negative impact of herring on recruitment of Norway pout. – ICES Journal of Marine Science, 65: 906–911. The Norway pout (Trisopterus esmarkii) stock in the North Sea has experienced poor recruitment recently. Herring (Clupea harengus) has been suggested to be a major predator on fish larvae in the North Sea. We investigated possible interactions between herring and Norway pout using a simple statistical analysis and a modified stock–recruit relationship. There was a significant negative relationship (linear regression, r = −0.44, p 〈 0.05) between total herring biomass and recruitment of Norway pout. The spawning stock of Norway pout is typically dominated by 2-year-olds, and there was a strong negative relationship (linear regression, r = −0.79, p 〈 0.01) between herring biomass and Norway pout spawning-stock biomass (SSB) 2 years later. A Beverton–Holt model fitted to stock–recruit data of Norway pout produced a rather poor correlation (r2 = 0.04). However, when only the Norway pout SSB not overlapping with herring is considered, the fit between the model and the stock–recruit data improves (r2 = 0.31). The analyses indicate a negative impact by herring on recruitment of Norway pout, the most plausible cause for this being herring predation on Norway pout larvae, but field studies are needed to verify such predation.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 1095-9289 , 1054-3139
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.1093/icesjms/fsn074
    Language: English
    Publisher: Oxford University Press (OUP)
    Publication Date: 2008
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  • 6
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    Stock collapses and their recovery: mechanisms that establish and maintain life-cycle closure in space and time
    Oxford University Press (OUP) ; 2010
    In:  ICES Journal of Marine Science Vol. 67, No. 9 ( 2010-12-01), p. 1841-1848
    Details
    In: ICES Journal of Marine Science, Oxford University Press (OUP), Vol. 67, No. 9 ( 2010-12-01), p. 1841-1848
    Abstract: Petitgas, P., Secor, D. H., McQuinn, I., Huse, G., and Lo, N. 2010. Stock collapses and their recovery: mechanisms that establish and maintain life-cycle closure in space and time. – ICES Journal of Marine Science, 67: 1841–1848. Experience has established that the recovery of many collapsed stocks takes much longer than predicted by traditional fishery population models. We put forward the hypothesis that stock collapse is associated with disruption of the biological mechanisms that sustain life-cycle closure of intrapopulation contingents. Based on a review of case studies of nine marine fish stocks, we argue that stock collapses not only involve biomass loss, but also the loss of structural elements related to life-cycle diversity (contingents), as well as the breakdown of socially transmitted traditions (through a curtailed age range). Behavioural mechanisms associated with these structural elements could facilitate recovery of depleted populations. Migratory behaviour is argued to relate to phenotypic plasticity and the persistence of migration routes to social interactions. The case studies represent collapsed or depleted populations that recovered after a relatively short period (striped bass, capelin), after more than a decade (herring and sardine), or not at all (anchovy, cod). Contrasting the population dynamics from these stocks leads us to make a distinction between a depleted and a collapsed population, where, in addition to biomass depletion, the latter includes damage to contingent structure or space-use pattern. We also propose a mechanism to explain how lost habitats are recolonized.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 1095-9289 , 1054-3139
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.1093/icesjms/fsq082
    Language: English
    Publisher: Oxford University Press (OUP)
    Publication Date: 2010
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  • 7
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    Opportunities for advancing ecosystem-based management in a rapidly changing, high latitude ecosystem
    Oxford University Press (OUP) ; 2018
    In:  ICES Journal of Marine Science Vol. 75, No. 7 ( 2018-12-01), p. 2425-2433
    Details
    In: ICES Journal of Marine Science, Oxford University Press (OUP), Vol. 75, No. 7 ( 2018-12-01), p. 2425-2433
    Abstract: Unprecedented and rapid changes are ongoing in northern high latitude, marine ecosystems, due to climate warming. Species distributions and abundances are changing, altering both ecosystem structure and dynamics. At the same time, human impacts are increasing. Less sea ice opens for the opportunity of more petroleum-related activities, shipping and tourism. Fisheries are moving into previously unfished habitats, targeting more species across more trophic levels. There is a need for ecosystem-based fisheries management (EBFM) and ecosystem-based management (EBM) to take the rapid, climate driven changes into account. Recently, there has been much development in qualitative, semi-quantitative, and quantitative scientific approaches to support EBFM and EBM. Here, we present some of these approaches, and discuss how they provide opportunities for advancing EBFM and EBM in one high-latitude system, namely the Barents Sea. We propose that advancing EBFM and EBM is more about adding tools to the toolbox than replacing tools, and to use the tools in coordinated efforts to tackle the increasing complexities in scientific support to management. Collaborative and participatory processes among stakeholders and scientists are pivotal for both scoping and prioritizing, and for efficient knowledge exchange. Finally, we argue that increasing uncertainty with increasing complexity is fundamental to decision making in EBFM and EBM and needs to be handled, rather than being a reason for inaction or irrelevance.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 1054-3139 , 1095-9289
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.1093/icesjms/fsy150
    Language: English
    Publisher: Oxford University Press (OUP)
    Publication Date: 2018
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  • 8
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    Influence of ecosystem changes on harvestable resources at high latitudes
    Oxford University Press (OUP) ; 2019
    In:  ICES Journal of Marine Science Vol. 76, No. Supplement_1 ( 2019-12-01), p. i1-i2
    Details
    In: ICES Journal of Marine Science, Oxford University Press (OUP), Vol. 76, No. Supplement_1 ( 2019-12-01), p. i1-i2
    Abstract: Results from investigations of the Barents Sea environment and biological resources were presented at a Russian–Norwegian Symposium in Murmansk, Russia on 5–7 June 2018. The thematic focus of the symposium was “Influence of ecosystem changes on harvestable resources at high latitudes”. Contributions to the symposium were organized under five theme sessions: oceanography, plankton, benthos, fishes, and top predators. From the rich spectrum of symposium contributions, five articles appear in this supplemental issue.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 1054-3139 , 1095-9289
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.1093/icesjms/fsz253
    Language: English
    Publisher: Oxford University Press (OUP)
    Publication Date: 2019
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  • 9
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    Variability in retention of Calanus finmarchicus in the Nordic Seas
    Oxford University Press (OUP) ; 2005
    In:  ICES Journal of Marine Science Vol. 62, No. 7 ( 2005-01-01), p. 1301-1309
    Details
    In: ICES Journal of Marine Science, Oxford University Press (OUP), Vol. 62, No. 7 ( 2005-01-01), p. 1301-1309
    Abstract: Using a regional ocean circulation model and particle tracking, we have studied the probability of the copepod Calanus finmarchicus being retained within the Nordic Seas' population as a function of its initial location, its vertical migration pattern, and the interannual variability in physical forcing. Defining a retention index in terms of the number of particles remaining within the Nordic Seas divided by the initial number of particles released, we found that spatial location had the greatest effect on the retention index during the study period, 1988–1991. Variability as a result of differences in physical forcing among years and among different seasonal vertical migration patterns had smaller but similar effects. The seasonal vertical migration behaviours with the highest advective loss rates and the most sensitive to interannual physical forcing were those that ascended early and descended late from a shallow summer depth. Average retention within the Nordic Seas was 0.40 after one year in simulations with diffusion and advection, and 0.42 in simulations with advection only. The average retention at the end of the four-year sequence was 0.10 and 0.12 with and without diffusion, respectively. Particles located in the western areas of the Nordic Seas had the highest retention, while those along the Norwegian coast showed little or no retention after four years. Initial location has a larger influence on retention than interannual variability in advective fields. C. finmarchicus offspring tend to reside in areas different from their parents, with different probabilities of retention. This spatial variability in retention rate is also experienced as inter-generational variability by members of the population. Model results suggest that almost all of the C. finmarchicus that are advected into the Barents Sea originate from off the Norwegian coast. Thus, predicting C. finmarchicus inflow into the Barents Sea requires knowledge of their abundance on the Norwegian Shelf.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 1095-9289 , 1054-3139
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.1016/j.icesjms.2005.05.016
    Language: English
    Publisher: Oxford University Press (OUP)
    Publication Date: 2005
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  • 10
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    The importance of predator–prey overlap: predicting North Sea cod recovery with a multispecies assessment model
    Oxford University Press (OUP) ; 2010
    In:  ICES Journal of Marine Science Vol. 67, No. 9 ( 2010-12-01), p. 1989-1997
    Details
    In: ICES Journal of Marine Science, Oxford University Press (OUP), Vol. 67, No. 9 ( 2010-12-01), p. 1989-1997
    Abstract: Kempf, A., Dingsør, G. E., Huse, G., Vinther, M., Floeter, J., and Temming, A. 2010. The importance of predator–prey overlap: predicting North Sea cod recovery with a multispecies assessment model. – ICES Journal of Marine Science, 67: 1989–1997. The overlap between predator and prey is known as a sensitive parameter in multispecies assessment models for fish, and its parameterization is notoriously difficult. Overlap indices were derived from trawl surveys and used to parametrize the North Sea stochastic multispecies model. The effect of time-invariant and year- and quarter-specific overlap estimates on the historical (1991–2007) and predicted trophic interactions, as well as the development of predator and prey stocks, was investigated. The focus was set on a general comparison between single-species and multispecies forecasts and the sensitivity of the predicted development of North Sea cod for the two types of overlap implementation. The spatial–temporal overlap between cod and its predators increased with increasing temperature, indicating that foodweb processes might reduce the recovery potential of cod during warm periods. Multispecies scenarios were highly influenced by assumptions on future spatial overlap, but they predicted a considerably lower recovery potential than single-species predictions did. In addition, a recovery of North Sea cod had strong negative effects on its prey stocks. The consequences of these findings for management are discussed.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 1095-9289 , 1054-3139
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.1093/icesjms/fsq114
    Language: English
    Publisher: Oxford University Press (OUP)
    Publication Date: 2010
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    detail.hit.zdb_id: 29056-7
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