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  • Oxford University Press (OUP)  (5)
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  • Oxford University Press (OUP)  (5)
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  • 1
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Distinct neuroanatomic subtypes in antipsychotic-treated patients with schizophrenia classified by the predefined classification in a never-treated sample
    Oxford University Press (OUP) ; 2021
    In:  Psychoradiology Vol. 1, No. 4 ( 2021-12-23), p. 212-224
    Details
    In: Psychoradiology, Oxford University Press (OUP), Vol. 1, No. 4 ( 2021-12-23), p. 212-224
    Abstract: Distinct neuroanatomic subtypes have been identified in never-treated patients with schizophrenia based on cerebral structural abnormalities, but whether antipsychotic-treated patients would be stratified under the guidance of such previously formed classification remains unclear. Objective The present study aimed to investigate alterations of brain structures in antipsychotic-treated patients with schizophrenia based on a predefined morphological classification and their relationships with cognitive performance. Methods Cortical thickness, surface area, and subcortical volume were extracted from 147 antipsychotic-treated patients with schizophrenia using structural magnetic resonance imaging for classification. The Brief Assessment of Cognition in Schizophrenia (BACS) and Positive and Negative Syndrome Scale (PANSS) were used to assess cognition and symptoms. Results Antipsychotic-treated patients were categorized into three subtypes with distinct patterns of brain morphological alterations. Subtypes 1 and 2 were characterized by widespread deficits in cortical thickness but relatively limited deficits in surface area. In contrast, subtype 3 demonstrated cortical thickening mainly in parietal-occipital regions and widespread deficits in surface area. All three subgroups demonstrated cognitive deficits compared with healthy controls. Significant associations between neuroanatomic and cognitive abnormalities were only observed in subtype 1, where cortical thinning in the left lingual gyrus was conversely related to symbol coding performance. Conclusions Similar to drug-naïve patients, neuroanatomic heterogeneity exists in antipsychotic-treated patients, with disparate associations with cognition. These findings promote our understanding of relationships between neuroanatomic abnormalities and cognitive performance in the context of heterogeneity. Moreover, these results suggest that neurobiological heterogeneity needs to be considered in cognitive research in schizophrenia.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 2634-4416
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.1093/psyrad/kkab018
    Language: English
    Publisher: Oxford University Press (OUP)
    Publication Date: 2021
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 3076092-6
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  • 2
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Characteristics of White Matter Structural Networks in Chronic Schizophrenia Treated With Clozapine or Risperidone and Those Never Treated
    Oxford University Press (OUP) ; 2020
    In:  International Journal of Neuropsychopharmacology Vol. 23, No. 12 ( 2020-12-29), p. 799-810
    Details
    In: International Journal of Neuropsychopharmacology, Oxford University Press (OUP), Vol. 23, No. 12 ( 2020-12-29), p. 799-810
    Abstract: Despite its benefits, a major concern regarding antipsychotic treatment is its possible impact on the brain’s structure and function. This study sought to explore the characteristics of white matter structural networks in chronic never-treated schizophrenia and those treated with clozapine or risperidone, and its potential association with cognitive function. Methods Diffusion tensor imaging was performed on a unique sample of 34 schizophrenia patients treated with antipsychotic monotherapy for over 5 years (17 treated with clozapine and 17 treated with risperidone), 17 never-treated schizophrenia patients with illness duration over 5 years, and 27 healthy control participants. Graph theory and network-based statistic approaches were employed. Results We observed a disrupted organization of white matter structural networks as well as decreased nodal and connectivity characteristics across the schizophrenia groups, mainly involving thalamus, prefrontal, and occipital regions. Alterations in nodal and connectivity characteristics were relatively milder in risperidone-treated patients than clozapine-treated patients and never-treated patients. Altered global network measures were significantly associated with cognitive performance levels. Structural connectivity as reflected by network-based statistic mediated the difference in cognitive performance levels between clozapine-treated and risperidone-treated patients. Limitations These results are constrained by the lack of random assignment to different types of antipsychotic treatment. Conclusion These findings provide insight into the white matter structural network deficits in patients with chronic schizophrenia, either being treated or untreated, and suggest white matter structural networks supporting cognitive function may benefit from antipsychotic treatment, especially in those treated with risperidone.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 1461-1457 , 1469-5111
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.1093/ijnp/pyaa061
    Language: English
    Publisher: Oxford University Press (OUP)
    Publication Date: 2020
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 1440129-0
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 1501053-3
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  • 3
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Effects of Antipsychotic Medications and Illness Duration on Brain Features That Distinguish Schizophrenia Patients
    Oxford University Press (OUP) ; 2022
    In:  Schizophrenia Bulletin Vol. 48, No. 6 ( 2022-11-18), p. 1354-1362
    Details
    In: Schizophrenia Bulletin, Oxford University Press (OUP), Vol. 48, No. 6 ( 2022-11-18), p. 1354-1362
    Abstract: Previous studies have reported effects of antipsychotic treatment and illness duration on brain features. This study used a machine learning approach to examine whether these factors in aggregate impacted the utility of MRI features for differentiating individual schizophrenia patients from healthy controls. Study Design This case-control study used patients with never-treated first-episode schizophrenia (FES, n = 179) and long-term ill schizophrenia (LTSZ, n = 30), with follow-up of the FES group after treatment (n = 71), a group of patients who had received long-term antipsychotic treatment (n = 93) and age and sex-matched healthy controls (n = 373) for each patient group. A multiple kernel learning classifier combining both structural and functional brain features was used to discriminate individual patients from controls. Study Results MRI features differentiated untreated FES (0.73) and LTSZ (0.83) patients from healthy controls with moderate accuracy, but accuracy was significantly higher in antipsychotic-treated FES (0.94) and LTSZ (0.98) patients. Treatment was associated with significantly increased accuracy of case identification in both early course and long-term ill patients (both p & lt; .001). Effects of illness duration, examined separately in treated and untreated patients, were less robust. Conclusions Our results demonstrate that initiation of antipsychotic treatment alters brain features in ways that further distinguish individual schizophrenia patients from healthy individuals, and have a modest effect of illness duration. Intrinsic illness-related brain alterations in untreated patients, regardless of illness duration, are not sufficiently robust for accurate identification of schizophrenia patients.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 0586-7614 , 1745-1701
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.1093/schbul/sbac094
    RVK:
    XA 10000
    Language: English
    Publisher: Oxford University Press (OUP)
    Publication Date: 2022
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 2180196-4
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 439173-1
    SSG: 15,3
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  • 4
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Altered controllability of white matter networks and related brain function changes in first-episode drug-naive schizophrenia
    Oxford University Press (OUP) ; 2023
    In:  Cerebral Cortex Vol. 33, No. 4 ( 2023-02-07), p. 1527-1535
    Details
    In: Cerebral Cortex, Oxford University Press (OUP), Vol. 33, No. 4 ( 2023-02-07), p. 1527-1535
    Abstract: Understanding how structural connectivity alterations affect aberrant dynamic function using network control theory will provide new mechanistic insights into the pathophysiology of schizophrenia. The study included 140 drug-naive schizophrenia patients and 119 healthy controls (HCs). The average controllability (AC) quantifying capacity of brain regions/networks to shift the system into easy-to-reach states was calculated based on white matter connectivity and was compared between patients and HCs as well as functional network topological and dynamic properties. The correlation analysis between AC and duration of untreated psychosis (DUP) were conducted to characterize the controllability progression pattern without treatment effects. Relative to HCs, patients exhibited reduced AC in multiple nodes, mainly distributed in default mode network (DMN), visual network (VN), and subcortical regions, and increased AC in somatomotor network. These networks also had impaired functional topology and increased temporal variability in dynamic functional connectivity analysis. Longer DUP was related to greater reductions of AC in VN and DMN. The current study highlighted potential structural substrates underlying altered functional dynamics in schizophrenia, providing a novel understanding of the relationship of anatomic and functional network alterations.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 1047-3211 , 1460-2199
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.1093/cercor/bhac421
    Language: English
    Publisher: Oxford University Press (OUP)
    Publication Date: 2023
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 1077450-6
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 1483485-6
    SSG: 12
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  • 5
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Linked brain connectivity patterns with psychopathological and cognitive phenotypes in drug-naïve first-episode schizophrenia
    Oxford University Press (OUP) ; 2022
    In:  Psychoradiology Vol. 2, No. 2 ( 2022-09-27), p. 43-51
    Details
    In: Psychoradiology, Oxford University Press (OUP), Vol. 2, No. 2 ( 2022-09-27), p. 43-51
    Abstract: Schizophrenia is considered to be a disorder of dysconnectivity characterized by abnormal functional integration between distinct brain regions. Different brain connection abnormalities were found to be correlated with various clinical manifestations, but whether a common deficit in functional connectivity (FC) in relation to both clinical symptoms and cognitive impairments could present in first-episode patients who have never received any medication remains elusive. Objective To find a core deficit in the brain connectome that is related to both psychopathological and cognitive manifestations. Methods A total of 75 patients with first-episode schizophrenia and 51 healthy control participants underwent scanning of the brain and clinical ratings of behaviors. A principal component analysis was performed on the clinical ratings of symptom and cognition. Partial correlation analyses were conducted between the main psychopathological components and resting-state FC that were found abnormal in schizophrenia patients. Results Using the principal component analysis, the first principal component (PC1) explained 37% of the total variance of seven clinical features. The ratings of GAF and BACS contributed negatively to PC1, while those of PANSS, HAMD, and HAMA contributed positively. The FCs positively correlated with PC1 mainly included connections related to the insula, precuneus gyrus, and some frontal brain regions. FCs negatively correlated with PC1 mainly included connections between the left middle cingulate cortex and superior and middle occipital regions. Conclusion In conclusion, we found a linked pattern of FC associated with both psychopathological and cognitive manifestations in drug-naïve first-episode schizophrenia characterized as the dysconnection related to the frontal and visual cortex, which may represent a core deficit of brain FC in patients with schizophrenia.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 2634-4416
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.1093/psyrad/kkac006
    Language: English
    Publisher: Oxford University Press (OUP)
    Publication Date: 2022
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 3076092-6
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