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  • 1
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Deep brain stimulation modulates directional limbic connectivity in obsessive-compulsive disorder
    Oxford University Press (OUP) ; 2020
    In:  Brain Vol. 143, No. 5 ( 2020-05-01), p. 1603-1612
    Details
    In: Brain, Oxford University Press (OUP), Vol. 143, No. 5 ( 2020-05-01), p. 1603-1612
    Abstract: Deep brain stimulation is effective for patients with treatment-refractory obsessive-compulsive disorder. Deep brain stimulation of the ventral anterior limb of the internal capsule rapidly improves mood and anxiety with optimal stimulation parameters. To understand these rapid effects, we studied functional interactions within the affective amygdala circuit. We compared resting state functional MRI data during chronic stimulation versus 1 week of stimulation discontinuation in patients, and obtained two resting state scans from matched healthy volunteers to account for test-retest effects. Imaging data were analysed using functional connectivity analysis and dynamic causal modelling. Improvement in mood and anxiety following deep brain stimulation was associated with reduced amygdala-insula functional connectivity. Directional connectivity analysis revealed that deep brain stimulation increased the impact of the ventromedial prefrontal cortex on the amygdala, and decreased the impact of the amygdala on the insula. These results highlight the importance of the amygdala circuit in the pathophysiology of obsessive-compulsive disorder, and suggest a neural systems model through which negative mood and anxiety are modulated by stimulation of the ventral anterior limb of the internal capsule for obsessive-compulsive disorder and possibly other psychiatric disorders.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 0006-8950 , 1460-2156
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.1093/brain/awaa100
    RVK:
    XA 10000
    Language: English
    Publisher: Oxford University Press (OUP)
    Publication Date: 2020
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 1474117-9
    SSG: 12
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  • 2
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Exploring the Relationship Between Schizophrenia and Cardiovascular Disease: A Genetic Correlation and Multivariable Mendelian Randomization Study
    Oxford University Press (OUP) ; 2022
    In:  Schizophrenia Bulletin Vol. 48, No. 2 ( 2022-03-01), p. 463-473
    Details
    In: Schizophrenia Bulletin, Oxford University Press (OUP), Vol. 48, No. 2 ( 2022-03-01), p. 463-473
    Abstract: Individuals with schizophrenia have a reduced life-expectancy compared to the general population, largely due to an increased risk of cardiovascular disease (CVD). Clinical and epidemiological studies have been unable to unravel the nature of this relationship. We obtained summary-data of genome-wide-association studies of schizophrenia (N = 130 644), heart failure (N = 977 323), coronary artery disease (N = 332 477), systolic and diastolic blood pressure (N = 757 601), heart rate variability (N = 46 952), QT interval (N = 103 331), early repolarization and dilated cardiomyopathy ECG patterns (N = 63 700). We computed genetic correlations and conducted bi-directional Mendelian randomization (MR) to assess causality. With multivariable MR, we investigated whether causal effects were mediated by smoking, body mass index, physical activity, lipid levels, or type 2 diabetes. Genetic correlations between schizophrenia and CVD were close to zero (−0.02–0.04). There was evidence that liability to schizophrenia causally increases heart failure risk. This effect remained consistent with multivariable MR. There was also evidence that liability to schizophrenia increases early repolarization pattern, largely mediated by BMI and lipids. Finally, there was evidence that liability to schizophrenia increases heart rate variability, a direction of effect contrasting clinical studies. There was weak evidence that higher systolic blood pressure increases schizophrenia risk. Our finding that liability to schizophrenia increases heart failure is consistent with the notion that schizophrenia involves a systemic dysregulation of the body with detrimental effects on the heart. To decrease cardiovascular mortality among individuals with schizophrenia, priority should lie with optimal treatment in early stages of psychosis.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 0586-7614 , 1745-1701
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.1093/schbul/sbab132
    RVK:
    XA 10000
    Language: English
    Publisher: Oxford University Press (OUP)
    Publication Date: 2022
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 2180196-4
    SSG: 15,3
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  • 3
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Impact of DSM-5 Changes on the Diagnosis and Acute Treatment of Schizophrenia
    Oxford University Press (OUP) ; 2015
    In:  Schizophrenia Bulletin Vol. 41, No. 3 ( 2015-5), p. 637-643
    Details
    In: Schizophrenia Bulletin, Oxford University Press (OUP), Vol. 41, No. 3 ( 2015-5), p. 637-643
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 1745-1701 , 0586-7614
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.1093/schbul/sbu172
    RVK:
    XA 10000
    Language: English
    Publisher: Oxford University Press (OUP)
    Publication Date: 2015
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 2180196-4
    SSG: 15,3
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  • 4
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Phenome-wide investigation of health outcomes associated with genetic predisposition to loneliness
    Oxford University Press (OUP) ; 2019
    In:  Human Molecular Genetics Vol. 28, No. 22 ( 2019-11-15), p. 3853-3865
    Details
    In: Human Molecular Genetics, Oxford University Press (OUP), Vol. 28, No. 22 ( 2019-11-15), p. 3853-3865
    Abstract: Humans are social animals that experience intense suffering when they perceive a lack of social connection. Modern societies are experiencing an epidemic of loneliness. Although the experience of loneliness is universally human, some people report experiencing greater loneliness than others. Loneliness is more strongly associated with mortality than obesity, emphasizing the need to understand the nature of the relationship between loneliness and health. Although it is intuitive that circumstantial factors such as marital status and age influence loneliness, there is also compelling evidence of a genetic predisposition toward loneliness. To better understand the genetic architecture of loneliness and its relationship with associated outcomes, we extended the genome-wide association study meta-analysis of loneliness to 511 280 subjects, and detect 19 significant genetic variants from 16 loci, including four novel loci, as well as 58 significantly associated genes. We investigated the genetic overlap with a wide range of physical and mental health traits by computing genetic correlations and by building loneliness polygenic scores in an independent sample of 18 498 individuals with EHR data to conduct a PheWAS with. A genetic predisposition toward loneliness was associated with cardiovascular, psychiatric, and metabolic disorders and triglycerides and high-density lipoproteins. Mendelian randomization analyses showed evidence of a causal, increasing, the effect of both BMI and body fat on loneliness. Our results provide a framework for future studies of the genetic basis of loneliness and its relationship to mental and physical health.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 0964-6906 , 1460-2083
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.1093/hmg/ddz219
    RVK:
    XA 10000
    Language: English
    Publisher: Oxford University Press (OUP)
    Publication Date: 2019
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 1474816-2
    SSG: 12
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  • 5
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Role of Sexuality in Body Integrity Identity Disorder (BIID): A Cross-Sectional Internet-Based Survey Study
    Oxford University Press (OUP) ; 2017
    In:  The Journal of Sexual Medicine Vol. 14, No. 8 ( 2017-08-01), p. 1028-1035
    Details
    In: The Journal of Sexual Medicine, Oxford University Press (OUP), Vol. 14, No. 8 ( 2017-08-01), p. 1028-1035
    Abstract: Body integrity identity disorder (BIID)—a strong desire for amputation or paralysis—is often accompanied by feelings and cognitions of sexual arousal, although this sexual component has been largely neglected in the recent literature. Aim To examine the presence of BIID-related sexual arousal in subjects with BIID and explore clinical and demographic variables of subjects with BIID who do and do not possess this sexual arousal. Methods Eighty individuals with BIID responded to an internet-based survey we created. For all subjects, restoring identity was the primary motivation for preferred body modification. We collected data about respondents' demographic, clinical, and sexual characteristics. Based on responses to questions about BIID-specific sexual desires, subjects were assigned to the group with BIID-related sexual feelings (S-BIID; n = 57) or the group without such feelings (NS-BIID; n = 23). Outcomes Differences in clinical, demographic, and sexual characteristics between S-BIID and NS-BIID groups. Results Of the respondents, 71.3% endorsed S-BIID. Subjects with S-BIID were significantly more often men, religious, and of a homosexual identity compared with the NS-BIID group. Subjects with S-BIID also significantly more often reported a change in localization and/or intensity of their BIID feelings over time. Furthermore, 66.7% of subjects with S-BIID reported S-BIID as an additional motivation for body modification. Seven of the 57 subjects with S-BIID achieved their preferred body modification through (self)-amputation, whereas none of the subjects with NS-BIID did. Clinical Implications BIID is a heterogeneous disorder in which subjects who self-reported comorbid sexual arousal more often resorted to (self-induced) amputation. Strengths and Limitations This study contains the largest BIID cohort presented in the literature and is the first to genuinely research sexuality in BIID. The first limitation is the lack of face-to-face interviews with the subjects, so no clinical diagnoses could be made. Moreover, there is an ascertainment bias because subjects were collected through the internet and in English, which excluded those who spoke other languages or subjects without an internet connection. Conclusion The present study provides preliminary evidence for a subpopulation or distinct group of individuals with BIID based on the presence of S-BIID.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 1743-6109 , 1743-6095
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.1016/j.jsxm.2017.06.004
    Language: English
    Publisher: Oxford University Press (OUP)
    Publication Date: 2017
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