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  • 1
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    Effects of dapagliflozin on mortality in patients with chronic kidney disease: a pre-specified analysis from the DAPA-CKD randomized controlled trial
    Oxford University Press (OUP) ; 2021
    In:  European Heart Journal Vol. 42, No. 13 ( 2021-03-31), p. 1216-1227
    Details
    In: European Heart Journal, Oxford University Press (OUP), Vol. 42, No. 13 ( 2021-03-31), p. 1216-1227
    Abstract: Mortality rates from chronic kidney disease (CKD) have increased in the last decade. In this pre-specified analysis of the DAPA-CKD trial, we determined the effects of dapagliflozin on cardiovascular and non-cardiovascular causes of death. Methods and results  DAPA-CKD was an international, randomized, placebo-controlled trial with a median of 2.4 years of follow-up. Eligible participants were adult patients with CKD, defined as a urinary albumin-to-creatinine ratio (UACR) 200–5000 mg/g and an estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR) 25–75 mL/min/1.73 m2. All-cause mortality was a key secondary endpoint. Cardiovascular and non-cardiovascular death was adjudicated by an independent clinical events committee. The DAPA-CKD trial randomized participants to dapagliflozin 10 mg/day (n = 2152) or placebo (n = 2152). The mean age was 62 years, 33% were women, the mean eGFR was 43.1 mL/min/1.73 m2, and the median UACR was 949 mg/g. During follow-up, 247 (5.7%) patients died, of whom 91 (36.8%) died due to cardiovascular causes, 102 (41.3%) due to non-cardiovascular causes, and in 54 (21.9%) patients, the cause of death was undetermined. The relative risk reduction for all-cause mortality with dapagliflozin (31%, hazard ratio [HR] [95% confidence interval (CI)] 0.69 [0.53, 0.88]; P = 0.003) was consistent across pre-specified subgroups. The effect on all-cause mortality was driven largely by a 46% relative risk reduction of non-cardiovascular death (HR [95% CI] 0.54 [0.36, 0.82]). Deaths due to infections and malignancies were the most frequently occurring causes of non-cardiovascular deaths and were reduced with dapagliflozin vs. placebo. Conclusion  In patients with CKD, dapagliflozin prolonged survival irrespective of baseline patient characteristics. The benefits were driven largely by reductions in non-cardiovascular death.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 0195-668X , 1522-9645
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.1093/eurheartj/ehab094
    Language: English
    Publisher: Oxford University Press (OUP)
    Publication Date: 2021
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  • 2
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    Rationale and protocol of the Dapagliflozin And Prevention of Adverse outcomes in Chronic Kidney Disease (DAPA-CKD) randomized controlled trial
    Oxford University Press (OUP) ; 2020
    In:  Nephrology Dialysis Transplantation Vol. 35, No. 2 ( 2020-02-01), p. 274-282
    Details
    In: Nephrology Dialysis Transplantation, Oxford University Press (OUP), Vol. 35, No. 2 ( 2020-02-01), p. 274-282
    Abstract: Recent cardiovascular outcome trials have shown that sodium–glucose co-transporter 2 (SGLT2) inhibitors slow the progression of chronic kidney disease (CKD) in patients with type 2 diabetes at high cardiovascular risk. Whether these benefits extend to CKD patients without type 2 diabetes or cardiovascular disease is unknown. The Dapagliflozin and Prevention of Adverse Outcomes in CKD (DAPA-CKD) trial (NCT03036150) will assess the effect of the SGLT2 inhibitor dapagliflozin on renal and cardiovascular events in a broad range of patients with CKD with and without diabetes. Methods DAPA-CKD is a randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled, trial in which ∼4300 patients with CKD Stages 2–4 and elevated urinary albumin excretion will be enrolled. The vast majority will be receiving a maximum tolerated dose of a renin–angiotensin system inhibitor at enrolment. Results After a screening assessment, eligible patients with a urinary albumin:creatinine ratio ≥200 mg/g and estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR) between 25 and 75 mL/min/1.73 m2 are randomly assigned to placebo or dapagliflozin 10 mg/day. Enrolment is monitored to ensure that at least 30% of patients do not have diabetes and that no more than 10% have an eGFR & gt;60 mL/min/1.73 m2. The primary endpoint is a composite of a sustained decline in eGFR of ≥50%, end-stage renal disease, renal death or cardiovascular death. The trial will conclude when 681 primary renal events have occurred, providing 90% power to detect a 22% relative risk reduction (α level of 0.05). Conclusion DAPA-CKD will determine whether the SGLT2 inhibitor dapagliflozin, added to guideline-recommended therapies, safely reduces the rate of renal and cardiovascular events in patients across multiple CKD stages with and without diabetes.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 0931-0509 , 1460-2385
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.1093/ndt/gfz290
    Language: English
    Publisher: Oxford University Press (OUP)
    Publication Date: 2020
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  • 3
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    Safety and efficacy of dapagliflozin in patients with focal segmental glomerulosclerosis: a prespecified analysis of the dapagliflozin and prevention of adverse outcomes in chronic kidney disease (DAPA-CKD) trial
    Oxford University Press (OUP) ; 2022
    In:  Nephrology Dialysis Transplantation Vol. 37, No. 9 ( 2022-08-22), p. 1647-1656
    Details
    In: Nephrology Dialysis Transplantation, Oxford University Press (OUP), Vol. 37, No. 9 ( 2022-08-22), p. 1647-1656
    Abstract: Despite renin–angiotensin–aldosterone system blockade and immunosuppressive treatment, focal segmental glomerulosclerosis (FSGS) often progresses to kidney failure. The objective of this prespecified analysis of the dapagliflozin and prevention of adverse outcomes in chronic kidney disease trial (DAPA-CKD) was to assess efficacy and safety of dapagliflozin in a small subgroup of participants with FSGS confirmed by kidney biopsy. Methods In DAPA-CKD, patients with an estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR) 25–75 mL/min/1.73 m2 and urinary albumin:creatinine ratio (UACR) 200–5000 mg/g (22.6–565 mg/mol) were randomized to dapagliflozin 10 mg once daily or placebo as an adjunct to standard care and followed for median 2.4 years. The primary composite endpoint was sustained eGFR decline ≥50%, end-stage kidney disease, or kidney or cardiovascular death. The endpoint of interest for this analysis was eGFR slope (acute effects from baseline to Week 2 and chronic effects from Week 2 to end of treatment). Results Of 104 participants with biopsy-confirmed FSGS, 45 were randomized to dapagliflozin and 59 to placebo. Mean (standard deviation) age was 54.0 (14.3) years, mean eGFR 41.9 (11.5) mL/min/1.73 m2 and median (interquartile range) UACR 1248 (749–2211) mg/g. The primary outcome occurred in 4 (8.9%) and 7 (11.9%) participants randomized to dapagliflozin and placebo, respectively [hazard ratio 0.62, 95% confidence interval (95% CI) 0.17, 2.17]. Dapagliflozin led to a larger acute reduction (standard error) in eGFR compared with placebo (−4.5, 95% CI −5.9 to −3.1 versus −0.9, −2.1 to 0.4 mL/min/1.73 m2/2 weeks). Thereafter, mean rates of chronic eGFR decline with dapagliflozin and placebo were −1.9 (−3.0, −0.9) and −4.0 (−4.9, −3.0) mL/min/1.73 m2/year, respectively (difference 2.0, 95% CI 0.6 to 3.5, mL/min/1.73 m2/year). Adverse events leading to study drug discontinuation were similar in both groups; there were fewer serious adverse events with dapagliflozin. Conclusions Among DAPA-CKD participants with FSGS, dapagliflozin reduced the rate of chronic decline of eGFR compared with placebo, although this difference was not statistically significant.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 0931-0509 , 1460-2385
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.1093/ndt/gfab335
    Language: English
    Publisher: Oxford University Press (OUP)
    Publication Date: 2022
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  • 4
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    FC082: Effects of Dapagliflozin in Patients with Chronic Kidney Disease According to Background Angiotensin-Converting Enzyme Inhibitor and Angiotensin Receptor Blocker Dose
    Oxford University Press (OUP) ; 2022
    In:  Nephrology Dialysis Transplantation Vol. 37, No. Supplement_3 ( 2022-05-03)
    Details
    In: Nephrology Dialysis Transplantation, Oxford University Press (OUP), Vol. 37, No. Supplement_3 ( 2022-05-03)
    Abstract: Treatment guidelines for patients with chronic kidney disease (CKD) recommend renin–angiotensin system inhibition (RASi) with angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitors (ACEi) or angiotensin receptor blockers (ARBs) to reduce the risk of kidney failure. However, patients with more advanced CKD do not always tolerate RASi. The sodium-glucose cotransporter 2 inhibitor dapagliflozin reduced the risk of kidney failure in patients with CKD in the DAPA-CKD trial. We performed a post hoc analysis of this trial to assess the efficacy of dapagliflozin by baseline dose level of ACEi or ARB. METHOD Participants with CKD [estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR) 25–75 mL/min/1.73 m2; urinary albumin-to-creatinine ratio (UACR) 200–5000 mg/g), with or without type 2 diabetes, were randomized 1:1 to dapagliflozin 10 mg or placebo, once daily. Participants were to be treated with the recommended target dose, or a stable tolerated dose of ACEi or ARB, unless medically contraindicated, for ≥4 weeks prior to inclusion. The primary outcome was a composite of sustained ≥50% eGFR decline, end-stage kidney disease or death from a kidney or cardiovascular cause. A prespecified kidney-specific secondary outcome was the same as the primary endpoint, but without cardiovascular death. A composite cardiovascular outcome (heart failure hospitalization or cardiovascular death), and all-cause mortality were other secondary endpoints. Time-to-event analyses were performed to assess the effects of dapagliflozin versus placebo according to baseline prescription and dose of ACEi or ARB treatment. RESULTS Of 4296 (99.9%) participants with available data on ACEi/ARB doses, 1231 (28.7%) were using the target dose, 1867 (43.5%) a dose ≥50% to  & lt;100% of target, 1068 (24.9%) a dose 0 to  & lt;50% of target and 130 (3.0%) were not using an ACEi/ARB. In the placebo group, the event rate for the primary outcome was highest among participants not using ACEi/ARBs compared to the other subgroups (figure 1). The benefit of dapagliflozin on the primary composite outcome was consistent regardless of use or non-use of the target dose of ACEi/ARBs. This consistency was maintained for the secondary outcomes (Figure 1). Dapagliflozin compared to placebo reduced the rate of eGFR decline over the study by –0.93 [95% confidence interval (95% CI) 0.61–1.25] mL/min/1.73 m2. This effect was present regardless of the use or non-use of target doses of ACEi/ARBs (P for interaction 0.877). CONCLUSION Dapagliflozin was similarly efficacious in reducing major adverse kidney and cardiovascular outcomes in participants with CKD regardless of the use or dose of ACEi/ARB.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 0931-0509 , 1460-2385
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.1093/ndt/gfac115.002
    Language: English
    Publisher: Oxford University Press (OUP)
    Publication Date: 2022
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  • 5
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    Extrapolated longer-term effects of the DAPA-CKD trial: a modelling analysis
    Oxford University Press (OUP) ; 2023
    In:  Nephrology Dialysis Transplantation Vol. 38, No. 5 ( 2023-05-04), p. 1260-1270
    Details
    In: Nephrology Dialysis Transplantation, Oxford University Press (OUP), Vol. 38, No. 5 ( 2023-05-04), p. 1260-1270
    Abstract: The Dapagliflozin and Prevention of Adverse Outcomes in Chronic Kidney Disease (DAPA-CKD) trial assessed dapagliflozin versus placebo, in addition to standard therapy, in patients with chronic kidney disease (CKD) and albuminuria, and was terminated prematurely due to overwhelming efficacy. The study objective was to model the long-term clinical outcomes of DAPA-CKD beyond the trial follow-up. Methods A Markov model extrapolated event incidence per 1000 patients and CKD progression rates for patients receiving dapagliflozin or placebo over a 10-year time horizon. We derived treatment-specific CKD stage transition matrices using DAPA-CKD trial data. We extrapolated relevant efficacy endpoints using parametric survival equations for all-cause mortality and generalized estimating equations for recurrent events. Results When extrapolated over a 10-year period, patients randomized to dapagliflozin spent more time in CKD stages 1–3 and less in stages 4–5 than placebo [0.65 (95% CrI 0.41, 0.90) and –0.23 (95% CrI -0.45, 0.00) years per patient, respectively]. Dapagliflozin prevented an estimated 83 deaths and 51 patients initiating kidney replacement therapy per 1000 patients over 10 years. Predicted rates of hospitalized heart failure and abrupt declines in kidney function were reduced (19 and 39 estimated events per 1000 patients, respectively). Conclusions Adding dapagliflozin to standard therapeutic management of CKD is expected to have long-term cardiorenal benefit beyond what has been demonstrated in the DAPA-CKD trial, with patients predicted to live longer with fewer complications.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 0931-0509 , 1460-2385
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.1093/ndt/gfac280
    Language: English
    Publisher: Oxford University Press (OUP)
    Publication Date: 2023
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  • 6
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    #3382 REASONS FOR DIALYSIS INITIATION AND SAFETY OF DAPAGLIFLOZIN AMONG DIALYSIS PARTICIPANTS: NEW INSIGHTS FROM DAPA-CKD
    Oxford University Press (OUP) ; 2023
    In:  Nephrology Dialysis Transplantation Vol. 38, No. Supplement_1 ( 2023-06-14)
    Details
    In: Nephrology Dialysis Transplantation, Oxford University Press (OUP), Vol. 38, No. Supplement_1 ( 2023-06-14)
    Abstract: The DAPA-CKD trial demonstrated that dapagliflozin reduced the risk of kidney failure in patients with chronic kidney disease (CKD) with or without type 2 diabetes. In contrast to most other trials, participants who reached dialysis were allowed to continue study medication with dapagliflozin or placebo. In this pre-specified analysis of the DAPA-CKD trial, we assessed reasons for dialysis initiation and serious adverse events (SAEs) among participants who initiated dialysis and continued the study medication. Method The DAPA-CKD trial randomized 4304 patients with CKD (estimated glomerular filtration rate [eGFR] 25−75 mL/min/1.73m2) and albuminuria (urinary albumin-to-creatinine ratio 200−5000 mg/g) to dapagliflozin 10 mg daily or placebo in addition to standard of care. Chronic dialysis was defined as the need for dialysis for at least 28 days. Investigator reported reasons for dialysis and SAEs were summarized by treatment groups. Results During median 2.4 years follow-up, 68/2152 (3.2%) and 99/2152 (4.6%) participants in the dapaglifozin and placebo groups respectively required chronic dialysis. Reasons for dialysis initiation are shown in the Table below, with volume overload being the most frequently reported. Roughly one-third of patients in both groups had discontinued study drug in advance of dialysis initiation; in the dapagliflozin and placebo groups, 25/68 (37%) and 41/99 (41%) continued the blinded study medication while receiving chronic dialysis. Among these, SAEs were reported in 8/25 (32%) and 11/41 (27%), respectively. Conclusion Participants who continued dapagliflozin or placebo after dialysis initiation experienced similar rates of SAEs. To determine whether dapagliflozin provides cardiovascular or other benefits to patients with kidney failure on chronic dialysis, will require a dedicated prospective trial. Based on our prespecified exploratory analysis, we observed no safety concerns that might discourage the conduct of such a trial. Funding This study was funded by AstraZeneca
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 0931-0509 , 1460-2385
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.1093/ndt/gfad063a_3382
    Language: English
    Publisher: Oxford University Press (OUP)
    Publication Date: 2023
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  • 7
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    Prediction of the effect of atrasentan on renal and heart failure outcomes based on short-term changes in multiple risk markers
    Oxford University Press (OUP) ; 2016
    In:  European Journal of Preventive Cardiology Vol. 23, No. 7 ( 2016-05), p. 758-768
    Details
    In: European Journal of Preventive Cardiology, Oxford University Press (OUP), Vol. 23, No. 7 ( 2016-05), p. 758-768
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 2047-4873 , 2047-4881
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.1177/2047487315598709
    Language: English
    Publisher: Oxford University Press (OUP)
    Publication Date: 2016
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  • 8
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    Efficacy and Safety of Dapagliflozin in Patients With Chronic Kidney Disease Across the Spectrum of Frailty
    Oxford University Press (OUP) ; 2023
    In:  The Journals of Gerontology: Series A ( 2023-08-01)
    Details
    In: The Journals of Gerontology: Series A, Oxford University Press (OUP), ( 2023-08-01)
    Abstract: A sizeable proportion of patients with chronic kidney disease (CKD) are reported to be frail. Here we examined the safety and efficacy of dapagliflozin in patients with CKD by frailty level. Methods Adults with CKD, with/without type 2 diabetes, with an estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR) of 25–75 mL/min/1.73 m2, and urinary albumin-to-creatinine ratio 200–5 000 mg/g were randomized to dapagliflozin (10 mg/day) or placebo. The primary endpoint was a composite of sustained ≥50% eGFR decline, end-stage kidney disease (ESKD), or death from kidney or cardiovascular (CV) causes. Results Frailty index (FI), assessed by Rockwood cumulative deficit approach, was calculable in 4 303/4 304 (99.9%) patients: 1 162 (27.0%) in not-to-mildly frail (FI ≤0.210), 1 642 (38.2%) in moderately frail (FI 0.211–0.310), and 1 499 (34.8%) in severely frail categories (FI & gt;0.311). Dapagliflozin reduced the risk of the primary composite endpoint across all FI categories (hazard ratios [95% confidence interval {CI}]: 0.50 [0.33–0.76] , 0.62 [0.45–0.85], and 0.64 [0.49–-0.83] , respectively; p-interaction = 0.67). Results were similar for secondary outcomes including kidney composite outcome (sustained ≥50% eGFR decline, ESKD or death from kidney cause; p-interaction = 0.44), CV endpoint (heart failure hospitalization or CV death; p-interaction = 0.63), and all-cause mortality (p-interaction p = .42). Results were consistent when using FI as a continuous variable. Occurrence of serious adverse events was numerically lower in patients receiving dapagliflozin versus placebo in all FI categories (16.9% vs 20.1%, 26.3% vs 30.7%, and 42.9% vs 47.8%, in not-to-mildly, moderately, and severely frail categories, respectively). Conclusions The relative benefit of dapagliflozin for all outcomes was consistent across all frailty categories, with no difference in associated safety.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 1079-5006 , 1758-535X
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.1093/gerona/glad181
    Language: English
    Publisher: Oxford University Press (OUP)
    Publication Date: 2023
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 2043927-1
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  • 9
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    Nutritional status, hyperkalaemia and attainment of energy/protein intake targets in haemodialysis patients following plant-based diets: a longitudinal cohort study
    Oxford University Press (OUP) ; 2021
    In:  Nephrology Dialysis Transplantation Vol. 36, No. 4 ( 2021-03-29), p. 681-688
    Details
    In: Nephrology Dialysis Transplantation, Oxford University Press (OUP), Vol. 36, No. 4 ( 2021-03-29), p. 681-688
    Abstract: Patients undergoing haemodialysis (HD) are often discouraged from eating fruits and vegetables because of fears of hyperkalaemia and undernutrition, yet evidence to support these claims is scarce. We here explore the association between adherence to a healthy plant-based diet with serum potassium, surrogates of nutritional status and attainment of energy/protein intake targets in HD patients. Methods We performed an observational single-centre study of stable patients undergoing HD with repeated dietary assessment every 3 months. Patients were provided with personalized nutritional counselling according to current guidelines. The diet was evaluated by 3-day food records and characterized by a healthy plant-based diet score (HPDS), which scores positively the intake of plant foods and negatively animal foods and sugar. The malnutrition inflammation score (MIS) and serum potassium were also assessed at each visit. We used mixed-effects models to evaluate the association of the HPDS with markers of nutritional status, serum potassium levels and attainment of energy/protein intake targets. Results After applying inclusion and exclusion criteria, a total of 150 patients contributing to 470 trimestral observations were included. Their mean age was 42 years [standard deviation (SD) 18] and 59% were women. In multivariable models, a higher HPDS was not associated with serum potassium levels or odds of hyperkalaemia {potassium & gt;5.5 mEq/L; odds ratio [OR] 1.00 [95% confidence interval (CI) 0.94–1.07] per HPDS unit higher}. Patients with a higher HPDS did not differ in terms of energy intake [OR for consuming & lt;30 kcal/kg day 1.05 (95% CI 0.97–1.13)] but were at risk of low protein intake [OR for consuming & lt;1.1 g of protein/kg/day 1.11 (95% CI 1.04–1.19)]. A higher HPDS was associated with a lower MIS, indicating better nutritional status. Conclusions In patients undergoing HD, adherence to a healthy plant-based diet was not associated with serum potassium, hyperkalaemia or differences in energy intake. Although these patients were less likely to reach daily protein intake targets, they appeared to associate with better nutritional status over time.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 0931-0509 , 1460-2385
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.1093/ndt/gfaa194
    Language: English
    Publisher: Oxford University Press (OUP)
    Publication Date: 2021
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  • 10
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    FC 063DAPAGLIFLOZIN DECREASES ALBUMINURIA IN PATIENTS WITH CHRONIC KIDNEY DISEASE WITH AND WITHOUT TYPE 2 DIABETES: INSIGHTS FROM THE DAPA-CKD TRIAL
    Oxford University Press (OUP) ; 2021
    In:  Nephrology Dialysis Transplantation Vol. 36, No. Supplement_1 ( 2021-05-29)
    Details
    In: Nephrology Dialysis Transplantation, Oxford University Press (OUP), Vol. 36, No. Supplement_1 ( 2021-05-29)
    Abstract: Reductions in albuminuria are consistently associated with a subsequent lower risk of kidney failure. The sodium glucose co-transporter 2 inhibitor dapagliflozin significantly reduced albuminuria in patients with type 2 diabetes. Whether this effect persist in patients with chronic kidney disease (CKD) with and without diabetes is unknown. We therefore assessed and compared the effects of dapagliflozin on albuminuria in patients with CKD with and without type 2 diabetes from the DAPA-CKD trial. Method We randomized 4304 patients with CKD and an eGFR of 25-75 ml/min/1.73m2 and urinary albumin-to-creatinine ratio (UACR) 200-5000 mg/g to dapagliflozin (10 mg once daily) or placebo. Change in albuminuria was a pre-specified exploratory outcome. We used regression in UACR stage, defined as a transition from macroalbuminuria (≥300 mg/g) to micro- or normoalbuminuria ( & lt;300 mg/g), and progression in UACR stage, defined as a transition from non-nephrotic ( & lt;3000 mg/g) to nephrotic range albuminuria (≥3000 mg/g), as additional endpoints. Subgroup analyses were performed according to baseline type 2 diabetes status. Results Median (25th to 75th Percentile) UACR was 949 (477-1885) mg/g. In patients with and without type 2 diabetes baseline median UACR was 1017 mg/g and 861 mg/g, respectively. Dapagliflozin, compared to placebo, reduced UACR by 29.3% (95% confidence interval [CI] 25.2, 33.1; p & lt;0.001), with a 35.1% (95%CI 30.6, 39.4) reduction in patients with type 2 diabetes and 14.8% (95%CI 5.9, 22.9) reduction in patients without type 2 diabetes (p for interaction & lt;0.001). Among 3860 patients with UACR ≥300 mg/g at baseline, dapagliflozin significantly increased the likelihood of regression in UACR stage (hazard ratio [HR] 1.81; 95%CI 1.60, 2.05). The corresponding HRs for patients with and without type 2 diabetes were 2.06 (95%CI 1.78, 2.39) and 1.33 (95%CI 1.07, 1.66), respectively (p for interaction 0.001). Among 3820 patients with UACR & lt;3000 mg/g at baseline, dapagliflozin significantly decreased the risk of nephrotic range albuminuria (HR 0.41; 95%CI 0.32, 0.52). The corresponding HRs for patients with and without type 2 diabetes were 0.39 (95%CI 0.29, 0.51) and 0.50 (95%CI 0.30, 0.82), respectively (p for interaction 0.401). Conclusion In patients with CKD with and without type 2 diabetes dapagliflozin significantly reduced albuminuria, with a larger reduction in patients with type 2 diabetes. The similar effects of dapagliflozin on clinical outcomes in patients with or without type 2 diabetes, but different effects on UACR suggest that part of dapagliflozin’s protective effect in patients without diabetes is mediated through pathways unrelated to UACR reduction.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 0931-0509 , 1460-2385
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.1093/ndt/gfab136.002
    Language: English
    Publisher: Oxford University Press (OUP)
    Publication Date: 2021
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