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  • Oxford University Press  (135)
  • The American Physiological Society (APS)  (20)
  • 1
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    Clinical course and progression-free survival of adult intracranial and spinal ependymoma patients (2015)
    Oxford University Press
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    Publication Date: 2015-02-26
    Description: Background Ependymomas are rare CNS tumors. Previous studies describing the clinical course of ependymoma patients were restricted to small sample sizes, often with patients at a specific institution. Methods Clinically annotated ependymoma tissue samples from 19 institutions were centrally reviewed. Patients were all adults aged 18 years or older at the time of diagnosis. Potential prognostic clinical factors identified on univariate analysis were included in a multivariate Cox proportional hazards model with backwards selection to model progression-free survival. Results The 282 adult ependymoma patients were equally male and female with a mean age of 43 years (range, 18–80y) at diagnosis. The majority were grade II (78%) with the tumor grade for 20 cases being reclassified on central review (half to higher grade). Tumor locations were spine (46%), infratentorial (35%), and supratentorial (19%). Tumor recurrence occurred in 26% ( n = 74) of patients with a median time to progression of 14 years. A multivariate Cox proportional hazards model identified supratentorial location ( P 〈 .01), grade III (anaplastic; P 〈 .01), and subtotal resection, followed or not by radiation ( P 〈 .01), as significantly increasing risk of early progression. Conclusions We report findings from an ongoing, multicenter collaboration from a collection of clinically annotated adult ependymoma tumor samples demonstrating distinct predictors of progression-free survival. This unique resource provides the opportunity to better define the clinical course of ependymoma for clinical and translational studies.
    Print ISSN: 1522-8517
    Electronic ISSN: 1523-5866
    Topics: Medicine
    Published by Oxford University Press on behalf of The Society for Neuro-Oncology (SNO).
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  • 2
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    Exogenous H2S regulates endoplasmic reticulum-mitochondria cross-talk to inhibit apoptotic pathways in STZ-induced type I diabetes (2017)
    The American Physiological Society (APS)
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    Publication Date: 2017-03-03
    Description: The upregulation of reactive oxygen species (ROS) is a primary cause of cardiomyocyte apoptosis in diabetes cardiomyopathy (DCM). Mitofusin-2 (Mfn-2) is a key protein that bridges the mitochondria and endoplasmic reticulum (ER). Hydrogen sulfide (H 2 S)-mediated cardioprotection is related to antioxidant effects. The present study demonstrated that H 2 S inhibited the interaction between the ER and mitochondrial apoptotic pathway. This study investigated cardiac function, ultrastructural changes in the ER and mitochondria, apoptotic rate using TUNEL, and the expression of ER stress-associated proteins and mitochondrial apoptotic proteins in cardiac tissues in STZ-induced type I diabetic rats treated with or without NaHS (donor of H 2 S). Mitochondria of cardiac tissues were isolated, and MPTP opening and cytochrome c (cyt C) and Mfn-2 expression were also detected. Our data showed that hyperglycemia decreased the cardiac function by ultrasound cardiogram, and the administration of exogenous H 2 S ameliorated these changes. We demonstrated that the expression of ER stress sensors and apoptotic rates were elevated in cardiac tissue of DCM and cultured H9C2 cells, but the expression of these proteins was reduced following exogenous H 2 S treatment. The expression of mitochondrial apoptotic proteins, cyt C, and mPTP opening was decreased following treatment with exogenous H 2 S. In our experiment, the expression and immunofluorescence of Mfn-2 were both decreased after transfection with Mfn-2-siRNA. Hyperglycemia stimulated ER interactions and mitochondrial apoptotic pathways, which were inhibited by exogenous H 2 S treatment through the regulation of Mfn-2 expression.
    Print ISSN: 0193-1849
    Electronic ISSN: 1522-1555
    Topics: Medicine
    Published by The American Physiological Society (APS)
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  • 3
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    Both stromal cell and colonocyte epidermal growth factor receptors control HCT116 colon cancer cell growth in tumor xenografts (2012)
    Oxford University Press
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    Publication Date: 2012-10-04
    Description: Colon cancer growth requires growth-promoting interactions between malignant colonocytes and stromal cells. Epidermal growth factor receptors (EGFR) are expressed on colonocytes and many stromal cells. Furthermore, EGFR is required for efficient tumorigenesis in experimental colon cancer models. To dissect the cell-specific role of EGFR, we manipulated receptor function on stromal cells and cancer cells. To assess the role of stromal EGFR, HCT116 human colon cancer cells were implanted into immunodeficient mice expressing dominant negative ( DN ) Egfr Velvet/+ or Egfr +/+ . To assess the role of cancer cell EGFR, HCT116 transfectants expressing inducible DN -Egfr were implanted into immunodeficient mice. To dissect EGFR signals in vitro , we examined colon cancer cells in monoculture or in cocultures with fibroblasts for EGFR transactivation and prostaglandin synthase 2 (PTGS2) induction. EGFR signals were determined by blotting, immunostaining and real-time PCR. Tumor xenografts in Egfr Velvet/+ mice were significantly smaller than tumors in Egfr +/+ mice, with decreased proliferation (Ki67) and increased apoptosis (cleaved caspase-3) in cancer cells and decreased stromal blood vessels. Mouse stromal transforming growth factor alpha (TGFA), amphiregulin (AREG), PTGS2 and Il1b and interleukin-1 receptor 1 (Il1r1) transcripts and cancer cell beta catenin (CTNNB1) and cyclin D1 (CCND1) were significantly lower in tumors obtained from Egfr Velvet/+ mice. DN-EGFR HCT116 transfectants also formed significantly smaller tumors with reduced mouse Areg , Ptgs2 , Il1b and Il1r1 transcripts. Coculture increased Caco-2 phospho-active ERBB (pERBB2), whereas DN-EGFR in Caco-2 cells suppressed fibroblast PTGS2 and prostaglandin E2 (PGE2). In monoculture, interleukin 1 beta (IL1B) transactivated EGFR in HCT116 cells. Stromal cell and colonocyte EGFRs are required for robust EGFR signals and efficient tumor growth, which involve EGFR–interleukin-1 crosstalk.
    Print ISSN: 0143-3334
    Electronic ISSN: 1460-2180
    Topics: Medicine
    Published by Oxford University Press
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  • 4
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    Independent Domestication of Asian Rice Followed by Gene Flow from japonica to indica (2012)
    Oxford University Press
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    Publication Date: 2012-05-01
    Description: Results from studies on the domestication process of Asian rice Oryza sativa have been controversial because of its complicated evolutionary history. Previous studies have yielded two alternative hypotheses about the origin(s) of the two major groups of O. sativa : japonica and indica . One study proposes a single common wild ancestor, whereas the other suggests that there were multiple domestication events of different types of wild rice. Here, we provide clear evidence of the independent domestication of japonica and indica obtained via high-throughput sequencing and a large-scale comparative analysis of two wild rice accessions (W1943 and W0106) and two cultivars (a japonica cultivar called "Nipponbare" and an indica cultivar called "Guangluai-4"). The different domestication processes of the two cultivar groups appear to have led to distinct patterns of molecular evolution in protein-coding regions. The intensity of purifying selection was relaxed only in the japonica group, possibly because of a bottleneck effect. Moreover, a genome-wide comparison between Nipponbare, Guangluai-4, and another indica cultivar (93-11) suggests multiple hybridization events between japonica and indica , both before and after the divergence of the indica cultivars. We found that a large amount of genomic DNA, including domestication-related genes, was transferred from japonica to indica , which might have been important in the development of modern rice. Our study provides an overview of the dynamic process of Asian rice domestication, including independent domestication events and subsequent gene flow.
    Print ISSN: 0737-4038
    Electronic ISSN: 1537-1719
    Topics: Biology
    Published by Oxford University Press
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  • 5
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    MiR-106a is an independent prognostic marker in patients with glioblastoma (2013)
    Oxford University Press
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    Publication Date: 2013-05-23
    Description: Background Very little is known regarding correlation of micro RNA (miR)–106a with clinical outcomes of patients with glioblastoma multiforme (GBM). This study determined whether miR-106a could be used as an independent prognostic biomarker in those patients. Methods A total of 156 GBM patients were divided into 2 cohorts. In the first cohort, matched fresh frozen and formalin-fixed paraffin-embedded (FFPE) samples were collected from 24 GBM patients, while in the second cohort, only FFPE samples were collected from 132 GBM patients. MiR-106a expression levels were examined by quantitative real-time PCR in the 2 cohorts and further validated by in situ hybridization assay in the second cohort. The correlation between miR-106a expression levels and overall survival was evaluated in the second cohort of 114 GBM patients available for follow-up by a log-rank test and a multivariate Cox proportional hazards model. Results Our data showed a very good correlation of miR-106a or U6 expression between fresh frozen and FFPE GBM specimens, with Pearson's correlation coefficients of 0.849 and 0.823, respectively ( P 〈 .001). Their expression levels in archival FFPE samples were quite stable for at least 7 years when stored at room temperature. Multivariate analysis revealed that the expression level of miR-106a was an independent and significant predictor of overall survival in GBM patients ( P = .011). Conclusions MiR-106a expression was relatively abundant and stable in a large cohort of archival FFPE GBM specimens and could be used as an independent prognostic biomarker in those patients. Thus, miR-106a can be used to predict prognosis and treatment response in individual GBM patients.
    Print ISSN: 1522-8517
    Electronic ISSN: 1523-5866
    Topics: Medicine
    Published by Oxford University Press on behalf of The Society for Neuro-Oncology (SNO).
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  • 6
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    miRNA-21 is dysregulated in response to vein grafting in multiple models and genetic ablation in mice attenuates neointima formation (2013)
    Oxford University Press
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    Publication Date: 2013-06-08
    Description: Aims The long-term failure of autologous saphenous vein bypass grafts due to neointimal thickening is a major clinical burden. Identifying novel strategies to prevent neointimal thickening is important. Thus, this study aimed to identify microRNAs (miRNAs) that are dysregulated during neointimal formation and determine their pathophysiological relevance following miRNA manipulation. Methods and results We undertook a microarray approach to identify dysregulated miRNAs following engraftment in an interpositional porcine graft model. These profiling experiments identified a number of miRNAs which were dysregulated following engraftment. miR-21 levels were substantially elevated following engraftment and these results were confirmed by quantitative real-time PCR in mouse, pig, and human models of vein graft neointimal formation. Genetic ablation of miR-21 in mice or grafted veins dramatically reduced neointimal formation in a mouse model of vein grafting. Furthermore, pharmacological knockdown of miR-21 in human veins resulted in target gene de-repression and a significant reduction in neointimal formation. Conclusion This is the first report demonstrating that miR-21 plays a pathological role in vein graft failure. Furthermore, we also provided evidence that knockdown of miR-21 has therapeutic potential for the prevention of pathological vein graft remodelling.
    Print ISSN: 0195-668X
    Electronic ISSN: 1522-9645
    Topics: Medicine
    Published by Oxford University Press
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  • 7
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    Ex vivo acidic preconditioning enhances bone marrow ckit+ cell therapeutic potential via increased CXCR4 expression (2013)
    Oxford University Press
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    Publication Date: 2013-07-08
    Description: Aims The chemokine receptor CXCR4 modulates endothelial progenitor cell migration, homing, and differentiation, and plays a key role in cardiovascular regeneration. Here we examined the effect of ex vivo acidic preconditioning (AP) on CXCR4 expression and on the regenerative potential of mouse bone marrow (BM) ckit + cells. Methods and results Acidic preconditioning was achieved by exposing BM ckit + cells to hypercarbic acidosis (pH 7.0) for 24 h; control cells were kept at pH 7.4. Acidic preconditioning enhanced CXCR4 and stromal cell-derived factor 1 (SDF-1) mRNA levels, as well as CXCR4 phosphorylation. Acidic preconditioning ability to modulate CXCR4 expression depended on cytosolic calcium [Ca 2+ ] i mobilization and on nitric oxide (NO), as determined by [Ca 2+ ] i buffering with BAPTA, and by treatment with the NO donor (DETA/NO) and the NO synthase inhibitor (L-NAME). Further, AP increased SDF-1-driven chemotaxis, transendothelial migration, and differentiation toward the endothelial lineage in vitro . In a mouse model of hindlimb ischaemia, control and AP ckit + cells were transplanted into the ischaemic muscle; AP cells accelerated blood flow recovery, increased capillary, and arteriole number as well as the number of regenerating muscle fibres vs. control. These effects were abolished by treating AP cells with L-NAME. Conclusion Acidic preconditioning represents a novel strategy to enhance BM ckit + cell therapeutic potential via NO-dependent increase in CXCR4 expression.
    Print ISSN: 0195-668X
    Electronic ISSN: 1522-9645
    Topics: Medicine
    Published by Oxford University Press
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  • 8
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    AuthorReward: increasing community curation in biological knowledge wikis through automated authorship quantification (2013)
    Oxford University Press
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    Publication Date: 2013-07-06
    Description: : Community curation—harnessing community intelligence in knowledge curation, bears great promise in dealing with the flood of biological knowledge. To exploit the full potential of the scientific community for knowledge curation, multiple biological wikis (bio-wikis) have been built to date. However, none of them have achieved a substantial impact on knowledge curation. One of the major limitations in bio-wikis is insufficient community participation, which is intrinsically because of lack of explicit authorship and thus no credit for community curation. To increase community curation in bio-wikis, here we develop AuthorReward , an extension to MediaWiki, to reward community-curated efforts in knowledge curation. AuthorReward quantifies researchers’ contributions by properly factoring both edit quantity and quality and yields automated explicit authorship according to their quantitative contributions. AuthorReward provides bio-wikis with an authorship metric, helpful to increase community participation in bio-wikis and to achieve community curation of massive biological knowledge. Availability: http://cbb.big.ac.cn/software . Contact: zhangzhang@big.ac.cn Supplementary information: Supplementary data are available at Bioinformatics online.
    Print ISSN: 1367-4803
    Electronic ISSN: 1460-2059
    Topics: Biology , Computer Science , Medicine
    Published by Oxford University Press
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  • 9
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    Infection Fatality Risk of the Pandemic A(H1N1)2009 Virus in Hong Kong (2013)
    Oxford University Press
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    Publication Date: 2013-04-13
    Description: One measure of the severity of a pandemic influenza outbreak at the individual level is the risk of death among people infected by the new virus. However, there are complications in estimating both the numerator and denominator. Regarding the numerator, statistical estimates of the excess deaths associated with influenza virus infections tend to exceed the number of deaths associated with laboratory-confirmed infection. Regarding the denominator, few infections are laboratory confirmed, while differences in case definitions and approaches to case ascertainment can lead to wide variation in case fatality risk estimates. Serological surveillance can be used to estimate the cumulative incidence of infection as a denominator that is more comparable across studies. We estimated that the first wave of the influenza A(H1N1)pdm09 virus in 2009 was associated with approximately 232 (95% confidence interval: 136, 328) excess deaths of all ages in Hong Kong, mainly among the elderly. The point estimates of the risk of death on a per-infection basis increased substantially with age, from below 1 per 100,000 infections in children to 1,099 per 100,000 infections in those 60–69 years of age. Substantial variation in the age-specific infection fatality risk complicates comparison of the severity of different influenza strains.
    Print ISSN: 0002-9262
    Electronic ISSN: 1476-6256
    Topics: Medicine
    Published by Oxford University Press
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  • 10
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    DNA Priming Prior to Inactivated Influenza A(H5N1) Vaccination Expands the Antibody Epitope Repertoire and Increases Affinity Maturation in a Boost-Interval-Dependent Manner in Adults (2013)
    Oxford University Press
    Details
    Publication Date: 2013-07-03
    Description: DNA priming improves the response to inactivated influenza A(H5N1) vaccination. We compared the immunogenicity of an H5 DNA prime (using strain A/Indonesia/5/2005) followed by an H5N1 monovalent inactivated vaccine boost at 4, 8, 12, 16, or 24 weeks to that of 2 doses of H5N1 monovalent inactivated vaccine in adults. Antibody epitope repertoires were elucidated by genome-fragment phage-display library analysis, and antibody avidities for HA1 and HA2 domains were measured by surface plasmon resonance. H5 DNA priming expanded the H5-specific antibody epitope repertoire and enhanced antibody avidity to the HA1 (but not the HA2) domain in an interval-dependent manner. Enhanced HA1 binding and avidity after an interval of ≥12 weeks between prime and boost correlated with improved neutralization of homologous and heterologous H5N1 strains. Clinical trials registration NCT01086657.
    Print ISSN: 0022-1899
    Electronic ISSN: 1537-6613
    Topics: Medicine
    Published by Oxford University Press on behalf of The Infectious Diseases Society of America (IDSA).
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