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  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Die Verbreitung und Häufigkeit ausgewählter See- und Küstenvogelarten während der Brutzeit in der südöstlichen Nordsee (1995)
    Springer
    Journal of ornithology 136 (1995), S. 253-266 
    Details
    ISSN: 1439-0361
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Description / Table of Contents: Zusammenfassung Von April bis Juli 1993 wurden in der südöstlichen Nordsee von Schiffen aus auf 300 m breiten Transekten Seevögel kartiert. Dabei konnte für einige Arten der Bestand abseits des Wattenmeeres und der Küste hinlänglich genau geschätzt werden. Baßtölpel (800 Ind.), Eissturmvogel (8000 Ind.), Dreizehenmöwe (4200 Ind.) und Trottellumme (3100 Ind.) kamen fast ausschließlich in der Nähe des Brutplatzes Helgoland und weiter seewärts vor. Herings- (25 000 Ind.) und Silbermöwe (2100 Ind.) waren weit verbreitet; die Heringsmöwe konzentrierte sich weiter entfernt von der Küste als die Silbermöwe und trat in hohen Dichten vor allem in der Nähe von Fischkuttern auf. Mantelmöwen (1200 Ind.) wurden vor allem im Südosten des Untersuchungsgebietes regelmäßig, aber in stets geringer Anzahl festgestellt. Sturm- und Lachmöwe wurden fast nur im Wattenmeer in allerdings oftmals hoher Dichte registriert. Die Flußseeschwalbe war stark an die Kolonien nahe der Küste gebunden, während die Brandseeschwalbe auch weiter auf See beobachtet wurde.
    Notes: Abstract Seabirds were counted from ships on 300 m wide transects in the southeastern North Sea between April and July 1993. For some species the numbers off the coast and off the Waddensea area could be estimated. Gannet (Morus bassanus, 800 individuals), Fulmar (Fulmarus glacialis, 8000 ind.), Kittiwake (Rissa tridactyla, 4200 ind.) and Common Guillemot (Uria aalge, 3100 ind.) occurred with few exceptions only in the vicinity of the breeding site on Helgoland and further towards the open sea. Lesser Black-backed Gull (Larus fuscus, 25000 ind.) and Herring Gull (Larus argentatus, 2100 ind.) were widely distributed: Lesser Black-backed Gulls concentrated in larger distances from the coast than Herring Gulls did. They were found in high densities above all near trawlers. Great Black-backed Gulls (Larus marinus, 1200 ind.) were seen regularly but always in low numbers in the southeastern part of the study area. Common Gull (Larus canus) and Black-headed Gull (Larus ridibundus) were observed almost exclusively in the Wadden Sea but in sometimes remarkably high densities. Common Terns (Sterna hirundo) were more or less confined to the area of their breeding colonies whereas Sandwich Terns (Sterna sandvicensis) were also found further out to the sea.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF01651292
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    Paper (German National Licenses)
    Fulltext
  • 2
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    Unknown
    The impact of fishing of marine birds (2000)
    Oxford Univ. Press
    In:  ICES Journal of Marine Science (57). pp. 531-547.
    Details
    Publication Date: 2019-09-23
    Description: Birds are the most conspicuous, wide-ranging, and easily studied organisms in the marine environment. They can be both predators and scavengers, and they can be harmed by and can benefit from fishing activities. The effects of fishing on birds may be direct or indirect. Most direct effects involve killing by fishing gear, although on a lesser scale some fishing activities also disturb birds. Net fisheries and hook fisheries have both had serious negative effects at the population level. Currently, a major negative impact comes from the by-catch of albatrosses and petrels in long-lines in the North Pacific and in the Southern Ocean. High seas drift nets have had, prior to the banning of their use, a considerable impact on seabirds in the northern Pacific, as have gillnets in south-west Greenland, eastern Canada, and elsewhere. Indirect effects mostly work through the alteration in food supplies. Many activities increase the food supply by providing large quantities of discarded fish and wastes, particularly those from large, demersal species that are inaccessible to seabirds, from fishing vessels to scavengers. Also, fishing has changed the structure of marine communities. Fishing activities have led to depletion of some fish species fed upon by seabirds, but may also lead to an increase in small fish prey by reducing numbers of larger fish that may compete with birds. Both direct and indirect effects are likely to have operated at the global population level on some species. Proving the scale of fisheries effects can be difficult because of confounding and interacting combinations with other anthropogenic effects (pollution, hunting, disturbance) and oceanographic factors. Effects of aquaculture have not been included in the review
    Type: Article , PeerReviewed
    Format: text
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    OceanRep: Article in a Scientific Journal - peer-reviewed
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